American Eden
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work as inspiration for Elgin, 132, 133, 143–44
Custis, Eliza, 62
Custis, Peter, 198–99
Cutbush, Edward, 300
Daphne odora (sweet-scented daphne), 179
dark flowering catchfly (Silene ornata), 234
Darlington, William, 210
date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), 234
Declaration of Independence, 28–29, 299
Delacoste, Monsieur, 151–52, 159–60, 166, 168
De Lancey, James, 121
Delile, Alire Raffeneau, 184–87
and Columbia herbarium, 334
Hosack and, 186–87, 190–91
Alexander Hosack (son), and, 329–30
Alexander von Humboldt and, 225
and Linnaean system, 330
medical studies at Columbia, 190, 205–6
medicinal plants collected by, 196
and New-York Horticultural Society, 294
on plants at Elgin, 194
Democratic-Republicans, 64, 71–72, 115, 128, 228, 252
Dennison, Michael, 246, 248–49, 253, 257–59, 271–73
DeWitt Clinton (canal barge), 289
Digitalis purpurea (foxglove), 190
Dioscorides, 35
Diospyros virginiana (persimmon tree), 307
dogwood (Cornus sericea), 142
Dorsey, John Syng, 380–81n197
Douglas, David, 112n, 288–89, 330
Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), 330
doum palm (Hyphaene thebaica), 185
Downing, Andrew Jackson, 12, 310, 312, 314, 331, 332
Drosera rotundifolia (roundleaf sundew), 189
Duane, James, 24, 121
Duncanson, William Mayne, 62
Durand, Asher Brown, 161, 226, 297, 316
Dutchman’s pipe (Aristolochia macrophylla), 161
Dyckman, Jacob, 279–80
dyers’ chamomile (Anthemis tinctoria), 208
Eacker, George I., 124
eagle fern (Pteris aquilina), 142
Earle, James, 55–56, 81
Eaton, Amos, 195, 240, 280–82, 331
Eddy, Caspar Wistar
death of, 304–5
and Elgin, 141–43, 161, 183, 334
and Flora of North America project, 240
medicinal plants collected by, 189, 196
and War of 1812, 255
Eddy, John
and Elgin, 141–43, 161, 183, 334
and Flora of North America project, 240
herbarium work, 316
and Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York, 261
Mohawk River expedition, 241–43
and New-York Deaf and Dumb Asylum, 301
on steamboat travel, 225–26
Eddy, Mary, See Hosack, Mary Eddy
Edinburgh, Scotland, 32–39
Edinburgh New Dispensatory, 35
and Bartram’s pharmacopoeia, 97
William Cullen’s classification structure for, 33
William Curtis and, 45
Jacob Dyckman and, 279–80
Hosack and, 97, 188
on Laurus cinnamomum, 182
sudorifics compared in, 76–77
elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), 189
elecampane (Inula helenium), 281
Elgin, Scotland, 38–39
Elgin Botanic Garden, 5–10, 219, 231
agricultural crops, 133
catalogue of specimens (1806), 196–97
DeWitt Clinton’s advocacy for New York City funding, 209
DeWitt Clinton’s advocacy for state funding, 113–15, 228, 231–32
and College of Physicians and Surgeons, 246–48
and Columbia’s real estate interests, 286–87
Michael Dennison and, 246, 248, 253, 257–59, 271–73
David Douglas’s visit to, 288
Caspar and John Eddy’s collecting of specimens for, 141–43, 161, 183, 334
Embargo Act’s effect on, 208–9
forest trees and shrubs, 133
former site of, 326
founding of, 5–12
John Francis and, 183–84
after funding by New York state legislature, 233–36
Andrew Gentle and, 172, 272–73
greenhouse, 144–46, 179
Hosack’s Columbia lecture on vision for, 144
Hosack’s early work on property of, 127–29, 132–35
Hosack’s funding appeals to New York state legislature, 171–72, 227–32
Hosack’s gathering of pledges of support for, 217–18
Hosack’s initial land purchases for, 120–23
Hosack’s initial proposal to Columbia College, 2–3, 108, 113
Hosack’s later negotiations with Columbia, 304, 305
Hosack’s letter to John Warren about, 209–10
Hosack’s plan to grow produce, 175–78
hothouse, 179–81, 233, 234, 258
letters in Albany newspaper opposing, 229–31, 244
Morgan Lewis and, 172–75
lobbying of state legislature by supporters, 221–22
medicinal plants, 182–83, 187–90, 193–94, 235, 256
Samuel Latham Mitchill and, 219, 221, 256–57
naming of, 5–6, 146
New-York Horticultural Society and, 292–93
orchard, 178
Frederick Pursh and, 219, 220, 245–46
sale to developers, 323–27
as scientific institution, 195–96
second catalogue of specimens (1811), 239
state’s appraisal process, 233–34, 244–46
state’s payment to Hosack for, 282
surveying of, 253–54
transfer of ownership from College of Physicians and Surgeons to Columbia, 271–72
War of 1812 and, 255–56
Elizabeth (princess of Great Britain), 57
Embargo Act (1807), 208, 218
Embuscade, L’ (ship), 72–73
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 9–10
Endeavour (ship), 57
English Botany (Smith), 123
English yew, 324, 325
Enlightenment, the, 7–8, 21, 32
Erica arborea (tree heath), 179
Erie Canal, 278, 289, 298–99
Eryngium aquaticum (water eryngo), 235
Erythrina herbacea (coral bean), 139–40
estragon (Artemisia dracunculus), 239
Eupatorium perfoliatum (boneset), 111, 132, 141, 190, 243, 256, 263
Eustis, William, 214, 216
Expulsion from the Garden of Eden, The (Cole), 306–7
Eyre, Sally, 84
Federalist Papers, 23
Federalists
and election of 1800, 115
and election of 1812, 252
and Great Britain, 26
Alexander Hamilton and, 26–27, 104, 115
and political polarization in 1790s NYC, 72
and ratification of the Constitution, 23
support for Elgin, 228
Fellow of the Royal Society
Benjamin Franklin as, 71
Hosack as, 12, 269, 279, 303
proposal to elect DeWitt Clinton as, 279
James Edward Smith as, 57
femoral artery ligation, 195
Festuca fasciculata, 196, 197
flame lily (Gloriosa superba), 181
flax (Linum usitatissimum), 201, 208
floating foxtail grass (Alopecurus geniculatus), 46
Flora Americae Septentrionalis (Pursh), 259–60
Flora Boreali-Americana (Michaux), 131, 259
Flora Londinensis (Curtis), 43, 47, 50, 188, 331
Flora of North America (Hosack), 222, 240, 246, 260, 271, 281–82
Flora of North America (Torrey and Gray), 332
Floy, Michael, 288
Floy, Michael, Jr., 321
fool’s parsley (Aethusa cynapium), 47
foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), 190
Francis, John Wakefield, 183
–84, 184
DeWitt Clinton and, 302
and Dennison’s note on Camellia japonica, 258–59
Jacob Dyckman and, 280
and Flora of North America project, 240
Hosack and, 186, 225, 227, 296, 300
and Hosack entry in encyclopedia of notable Americans, 317
on Hosack’s funeral, 321
and Hosack’s stroke and death, 320–21
on Hosack’s tirelessness, 262
and Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York, 260, 261
in London, 267–69
and New-York Horticultural Society, 290, 294
and relocation of New-York Historical Society, 265
and strawberry festival, 196
on Thouin’s shipment of seeds for Elgin, 239
and War of 1812, 255–56
Franklin, Benjamin
as Fellow of the Royal Society, 71
and ginseng, 188
Mary Eddy Hosack and, 108
Medicina Britannica update, 98
and medicinal plants, 95
and Peale’s Museum, 74
Benjamin Rush and, 29
Freeman, Thomas, 198–99
Freeman–Custis Expedition, 198–99
French Revolution, 63–64, 71–73, 115, 131
fringed gentian (Gentiana crinita), 190
Fuchsia coccinea (scarlet fuchsia), 49
Fulton, Robert, 225, 261
Galen, 18, 35
Gallatin, Albert, 157
Garden, Alexander, 95
Garden of Eden, The (Cole), 305–6
General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, 71
Genêt, Edmond-Charles, 147, 198
Gentiana crinita (fringed gentian), 190
Gentle, Andrew
assumption of Elgin lease from Dennison, 272–73
and Elgin advertisement, 206
as Elgin head gardener, 172, 175–77, 180
and medicinals, 187
removal as Elgin leaseholder, 282
replacement by Frederick Pursh as head gardener, 219
Gentleman Farmer, The (Kames), 48
George III (king of England), 57, 101, 104
Gilmor, Robert, 306
Gleditsia sinensis (honey locust tree), 234
Gloriosa superba (flame lily), 181
Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice root), 235
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 224
Gordonia lasianthus (loblolly bay), 134, 134
Gossypium herbaceum (cotton), 133, 208
Government House (New York City), 265
Governors Island, New York, 66–67
Grace Church, New York City, 321
Gracie’s mansion (New York City), 204
Grange, the (Hamilton’s country home), 138–40, 140, 154–55, 158
Gray, Asa, 332–33
great blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica), 46, 59, 188
Great Britain
Embargo Act, 208
Hosack’s fame in, 330
Hosack’s medical studies at University of Edinburgh, 32–39
influence on NYC, 25–26
Leander incident, 207
Linnean botany in, 42–43
Great Depression, 325
greenhouse, at Elgin, 144–46, 179
Greenleaf, Thomas, 110
Greenleaf’s New York Journal, 110
Greville, Charles Francis, 50
gum arabic tree (Acacia nilotica), 235
Hamilton, Alexander
assault by Jay Treaty opponents, 83
birth of daughter Eliza, 112
blocking of Rush’s Columbia appointment, 107
botanical/horticultural interests, 12–13, 139–40
Aaron Burr and, See Hamilton-Burr duel
and Cabinet of Natural History, 159
death of, 164–68
election of 1800, 115–16
estate’s payment for Hosack’s medical services, 174
and Federalist Papers, 23
and Federalists, 26–28
funeral procession, 166
at Grange, 138–40, 154–55
Hosack and, 103–9, 139
monument at duel site, 236–37
and Peale’s Museum, 75
and political polarization in 1790s NYC, 71
and Robert Randall’s will, 136
Maria Reynolds affair, 105–6
Benjamin Rush and, 107
as secretary of the treasury, 30
and son Philip’s death, 124–26, 138
and son Philip’s illness, 1–2, 104–6
statue at Merchant’s Exchange building, 312, 319
tomb of, 210–11
and Washington’s Farewell Address, 103–4, 363n103
and Whiskey Rebellion, 66
and yellow fever, 85
Hamilton, Alexander (professor of midwifery), 34
Hamilton, Alexander, Jr., 103
Hamilton, Angelica, 103, 155
Hamilton, Eliza (daughter), 112
Hamilton, Elizabeth Schuyler “Eliza” (wife), 27
and birth of daughter Eliza, 112
family life in 1790s, 103
and Grange, 139, 154–55
and Hamilton-Burr duel, 160
and Alexander Hamilton’s death, 163, 167–68
and Maria Reynolds scandal, 106
and orphanage, 203
and son Philip’s illness, 105
and son Philip’s death, 124–26
and son Philip 2nd’s birth, 138
and yellow fever, 85
Hamilton, James, 103, 155
Hamilton, John Church, 103, 167–68
Hamilton, Philip (1782–1801), 103, 125
death of, 125
duel with George Eacker, 123–26
fever treated by Hosack, 1–2, 104–6, 364n104
Hamilton, Philip (1802–1884), 138, 167
Hamilton, William (botanist), 145, 180, 192, 200–201, 269
Hamilton, William Stephen (son of Alexander Hamilton), 167
Hamilton-Burr duel, 160–63
aftermath of, 163–66, 168, 169, 212
Burr’s issuing of challenge, 155, 158
disagreements leading to, 155–56, 374n156
Hamilton’s preparations for, 158
Hosack as attending physician, 3, 160–64
Hosack’s relationship with Burr after duel, 4, 13, 212
Harvard College, 197, 332–33
Harvey, Jacob, 308
Hawkins, Matthew, 272, 273
hemlock, 102
Hippocrates, 18, 92
History of Funguses Growing about Halifax (Bolton), 48
History of the American Oaks (Michaux), 131, 193
hollow-leaved violets (Viola cucullata), 122
holly tree (Ilex cassine), 97
Home, Henry, Lord Kames, 48
Hone, Philip, 310–11, 318–21
honey locust tree (Gleditsia sinensis), 234
horehound (Marrubium vulgare), 190
horse weed (Collinsonia canadensis), 95
Horticultural Society of London, 285–86, 288
Horticulturist, The, 331
Hortus Elginensis (Elgin Garden catalogue), 239–40
hortus siccus, 80, 99
Hosack, Alexander (brother), 206
Hosack, Alexander (father), 15
Hosack, Alexander (son, b. 1792), 32, 37, 69, 89
Hosack, Alexander Eddy (son, b. 1805), 174, 210, 295, 318, 320, 329–30
Hosack, Catherine Warner “Kitty,” 31–32, 69, 76, 89
Hosack, David, 6
birth of, 3, 15
botanical garden plans, 120–23
childhood, 15–16
death of, 321–22
and death of Kitty Hosack, 89
and death of Mary Eddy Hosack, 290–91
establishment of medical practice in NYC, 76–77, 80–81
first encounter with botanical gardens, 36–37
legacy of, 330–35
marriag
e to Magdalena Coster, 295–98
marriage to Mary Eddy, 108–9
marriage to Catherine Warner, 31–32
medical studies at University of Edinburgh, 32–39
medical studies in London, 39–56
medical studies in NYC, 16–25
medical studies in Philadelphia, 28–29, 31
Hosack, David, Jr., 262–63, 290, 321n
Hosack, Eliza Bard, 210, 321n
Hosack, Emily, 225, 321n
Hosack, James Edward Smith
birth of, 143
death of, 305
and New-York Horticultural Society, 290, 294
James Edward Smith and, 268
and yellow fever, 169
Hosack, Magdalena Coster, 295–98
and Hyde Park estate, 307, 308, 310
inherited wealth, 320
and Kip’s Bay estate, 297–98
marriage of youngest daughter, 318–19
marriage to Hosack, 295
sale of Hyde Park, 322
in Washington, D.C., 300
Hosack, Mary (daughter), 117, 290, 321n
Hosack, Mary Eddy (wife)
birth of Emily Hosack, 225
birth of Alexander Eddy Hosack, 174
birth of David Hosack, Jr., 262–63
birth of Eliza Bard Hosack, 210
birth of James Edward Smith Hosack, 143
birth of Samuel Bard Hosack, 112
burial place of, 321n
civic engagement in New York, 203
death of, 290
and Thomas Eddy Hosack, 263, 264
marriage to David Hosack, 108–9
and yellow fever, 109–10, 169
Hosack, Nathaniel Pendleton, 210, 321n
Hosack, Samuel Bard, 112, 117
Hosack, Thomas Eddy, 263–64
Hosack, William, 4, 155–56, 213–14, 223, 224, 237n
Hosackia, 330
Hosackia Louisiana, 269
hothouse, at Elgin, 179–81
Hudson River School, 12
Humboldt, Alexander von, 158, 172
Ansichten der Natur, 224
Aaron Burr and, 225
and Hosack, 3, 157, 234
Jefferson’s correspondence with, 259
and New-York Historical Society, 284, 285
Charles Willson Peale and, 152–54, 156–58
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 224–25
humoral framework, 18–19, 31, 45, 92
Hunt, Freeman, 322
Hunter, John, 52, 53, 305
Hunter, William, 52, 53
Hyde Park estate, 11–12, 226, 307–17, 309, 311, 322
hydrocele, 55–56, 81, 194–95, 275
Hymenaea courbaril (locust tree or stinking toe), 182
Hypericum pentagyna (St. John’s wort), 242–43
Hyphaene thebaica (doum palm), 185
Ilex cassine (holly tree), 97
Illicium parviflorum (yellow-flowered anise), 234
Inderwick, James, 240, 255, 266, 267
Indian arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea), 182
Industry (ship), 63
Inga microphylla, 234