C. S. Lewis – A Life
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Permission to reproduce photographs and other illustrations is gratefully acknowledged as follows. The president and fellows of Magdalen College (5.1; 5.2; 6.1); the master and fellows of University College (3.1); Oxfordshire History Collection (3.2; 4.1; 6.3; 8.1); Billet Potter, Oxford (5.5); the Francis Frith Collection (1.1; 2.3; 4.2; 4.3; 4.5; 6.2; 7.1; 7.3; 8.3; 13.1; 14.1); C. S. Lewis Pte. Ltd (11.1; 11.2; 12.1; 14.2); Penelope Bide (13.3); Holy Trinity Church, Headington Quarry, Oxford (14.3); the Marion E. Wade Center, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois (1.3; 1.5; 2.1; 2.2; 3.3; 4.4; 5.3; 5.4; 7.2; 8.2; 10.1; 13.2; 15.1). Other illustrations used in this book are taken from the author’s personal collection.
Every effort has been made to identify and contact the copyright holders of material reproduced in this work. The author and publisher apologise for any omissions or errors.
WORKS CONSULTED
I. Works by C. S. Lewis
Full bibliographical details of Lewis’s known works are provided in Walter Hooper, C. S. Lewis: The Companion and Guide, 799–883. This is an authoritative resource for Lewis studies. The editions used in researching this work are identified below.
A. Published Works
The Abolition of Man. New York: HarperCollins, 2001.
All My Road before Me: The Diary of C. S. Lewis, 1922–1927. Edited by Walter Hooper. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1991.
The Allegory of Love: A Study in Medieval Tradition. London: Oxford University Press, 1936.
Boxen: Childhood Chronicles before Narnia. London: HarperCollins, 2008. [Jointly authored with W. H. Lewis.]
Broadcast Talks. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1943; US edition published as The Case for Christianity. New York: Macmillan, 1943.
C. S. Lewis’s Lost Aeneid: Arms and the Exile. Edited by A. T. Reyes. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011.
The Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis. Edited by Walter Hooper. 3 vols. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2004–2006.
The Discarded Image. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Dymer: A Poem. London: Dent, 1926. [Originally published under the pseudonym “Clive Hamilton.”]
English Literature in the Sixteenth Century, Excluding Drama. Vol. 3 of Oxford History of English Literature. Edited by F. P. Wilson and Bonamy Dobrée. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1954.
Essay Collection and Other Short Pieces. Edited by Lesley Walmsley. London: HarperCollins, 2000.
An Experiment in Criticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
The Four Loves. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
The Great Divorce. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
A Grief Observed. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. [Originally published under the pseudonym “N. W. Clerk.”]
The Horse and His Boy. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
The Last Battle. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Letters to Malcolm: Chiefly on Prayer. London: HarperCollins, 2000.
The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
The Magician’s Nephew. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Mere Christianity. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Miracles. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Narrative Poems. Edited by Walter Hooper. London: Fount, 1994.
On Stories and Other Essays on Literature. Edited by Walter Hooper. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982.
Out of the Silent Planet. London: HarperCollins, 2005.
Perelandra. London: HarperCollins, 2005.
The Personal Heresy: A Controversy. London: Oxford University Press, 1939. [Jointly authored with E. M. W. Tillyard.]
The Pilgrim’s Regress. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1950.
Poems. Edited by Walter Hooper. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 1992.
A Preface to “Paradise Lost.” London: Oxford University Press, 1942.
Prince Caspian. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
The Problem of Pain. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Reflections on the Psalms. London: Collins, 1975.
Rehabilitations and Other Essays. London: Oxford University Press, 1939.
The Screwtape Letters. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Selected Literary Essays. Edited by Walter Hooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.
The Silver Chair. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Spenser’s Images of Life. Edited by Alastair Fowler. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967.
Spirits in Bondage: A Cycle of Lyrics. London: Heinemann, 1919. [Originally published under the pseudonym “Clive Hamilton.”]
Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Surprised by Joy. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
That Hideous Strength. London: HarperCollins, 2005.
Till We Have Faces. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984.
The Voyage of the “Dawn Treader.” London: HarperCollins, 2002.
B. Unpublished Works
Lewis, W. H. “C. S. Lewis: A Biography” (1974). Unpublished typescript held in the Wade Center, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
———, ed. “The Lewis Papers: Memoirs of the Lewis Family 1850–1930.” 11 vols. Unpublished typescript held in the Wade Center, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, and the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
II. SECONDARY STUDIES OF LEWIS
Adey, Lionel. C. S. Lewis’s “Great War” with Owen Barfield. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, 1978.
Aeschliman, Michael D. The Restitution of Man: C. S. Lewis and the Case against Scientism. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1998.
Alexander, Joy. “‘The Whole Art and Joy of Words’: Aslan’s Speech in the Chronicles of Narnia.” Mythlore 91 (2003): 37–48.
Arnell, Carla A. “On Beauty, Justice and the Sublime in C. S. Lewis’s Till We Have Faces.” Christianity and Literature 52 (2002): 23–34.
Baggett, David, Gary R. Habermas, and Jerry L. Walls, eds. C. S. Lewis as Philosopher: Truth, Beauty and Goodness. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2008.
Barbour, Brian. “Lewis and Cambridge.” Modern Philology 96 (1999): 439–484.
Barker, Nicolas. “C. S. Lewis, Darkly.” Essays in Criticism 40 (1990): 358–367.
Barrett, Justin. “Mostly Right: A Quantitative Analysis of the Planet Narnia Thesis.” VII: An Anglo-American Literary Review 27 (2010), online supplement.
Beversluis, John. C. S. Lewis and the Search for Rational Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1985.
Bingham, Derek. C. S. Lewis: A Shiver of Wonder. Belfast: Ambassador Publications, 2004.
Bleakley, David. C. S. Lewis at Home in Ireland: A Centenary Biography. Bangor, Co. Down: Strandtown Press, 1998.
Bowman, Mary R. “A Darker Ignorance: C. S. Lewis and the Nature of the Fall.” Mythlore 91 (2003): 64–80
———. “The Story Was Already Written: Narrative Theory in The Lord of the Rings.” Narrative 14, no. 3 (2006): 272–293.
Brawley, Chris. “The Ideal and the Shadow: George MacDonald’s Phantastes.” North Wind 25 (2006): 91–112.
Brazier, P. H. “C. S. Lewis and the Anscombe Debate: From analogia entis to analogia fidei.” The Journal of Inklings Studies 1, no. 2 (2011): 69–123.
———. “C. S. Lewis and Christological Prefigurement.” Heythrop Journal 48 (2007): 742–775.
———. “‘God . . . Or a Bad, or Mad, Man’: C. S. Lewis’s Argument for Christ—A Systematic Theological, Historical and Philosophical Analysis of Aut Deus Aut Malus Homo.” Heythrop Journal 51, no. 1 (2010): 1–30.
———. “Why Father Christmas Appears in Narnia.” Sehnsucht 3 (2009): 61–77.
Brown, Devin. Inside Narnia: A Guide to Exploring “The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.” Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2005.
Brown, Terence. “C. S. Lewis, Irishman?” In Ireland’s Literature: Selected Essays, 152–165. Mullingar: Lilliput Press, 1988.
Campbell, David C., and Dale E. Hess. “Olympian Detachment: A Critical
Look at the World of C. S. Lewis’s Characters.” Studies in the Literary Imagination 22, no. 2 (1989): 199–215.
Carnell, Corbin Scott. Bright Shadow of Reality: Spiritual Longing in C. S. Lewis. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1999.
Carpenter, Humphrey. The Inklings: C. S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, Charles Williams, and Their Friends. London: Allen & Unwin, 1981.
Caughey, Shanna, ed. Revisiting Narnia: Fantasy, Myth and Religion in C. S. Lewis’s Chronicles. Dallas, TX: Benbella Books, 2005.
Charles, J. Daryl. “Permanent Things.” Christian Reflection 11 (2004): 54–58.
Christopher, Joe R. “C. S. Lewis: Love Poet.” Studies in the Literary Imagination 22, no. 2 (1989): 161–174.
Clare, David. “C. S. Lewis: An Irish Writer.” Irish Studies Review 18, no. 1 (2010): 17–38.
Collings, Michael R. “Of Lions and Lamp-Posts: C. S. Lewis’ The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe as a Response to Olaf Stapledon’s Sirius.” Christianity and Literature 32, no. 4 (1983): 33–38.
Como, James. Branches to Heaven: The Geniuses of C. S. Lewis. Dallas, TX: Spence Publishing Company, 1998.
———, ed. C. S. Lewis at the Breakfast Table, and Other Reminiscences. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992.
Connolly, Sean. Inklings of Heaven: C. S. Lewis and Eschatology. Leominster: Gracewing, 2007.
Constable, John. “C. S. Lewis: From Magdalen to Magdalene.” Magdalene College Magazine and Record 32 (1988): 42–46.
Daigle, Marsha A. “Dante’s Divine Comedy and C. S. Lewis’s Narnia Chronicles.” Christianity and Literature 34, no. 4 (1985): 41–58.
Dorsett, Lyle W. And God Came In: The Extraordinary Story of Joy Davidman: Her Life and Marriage to C. S. Lewis. New York: Macmillan, 1983.
———. Seeking the Secret Place: The Spiritual Formation of C. S. Lewis. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2004.
Downing, David C. “From Pillar to Postmodernism: C. S. Lewis and Current Critical Discourse.” Christianity and Literature 46, no. 2 (1997): 169–178.
———. Into the Wardrobe: C. S. Lewis and the Narnia Chronicles. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2005.
———. The Most Reluctant Convert: C. S. Lewis’s Journey to Faith. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2002.
Duriez, Colin. Tolkien and C. S. Lewis: The Gift of Friendship. Mahwah, NJ: HiddenSpring, 2003.
Edwards, Bruce L., ed. C. S. Lewis: Life, Works and Legacy. 4 vols. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2007.
———. Not a Tame Lion: Unveil Narnia through the Eyes of Lucy, Peter, and Other Characters Created by C. S. Lewis. Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale House, 2005.
———. A Rhetoric of Reading: C. S. Lewis’s Defense of Western Literacy. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1986.
Edwards, Michael. “C. S. Lewis: Imagining Heaven.” Literature and Theology 6 (1992): 107–124.
Fernandez, Irène. Mythe, Raison Ardente: Imagination et réalité selon C. S. Lewis. Geneva: Ad Solem, 2005.
———. “Un rationalisme chrétien: le cas de C. S. Lewis.” Revue philosophique de la France et de l’étranger 178 (1988): 3–17.
Fowler, Alastair. “C. S. Lewis: Supervisor.” Yale Review 91, no. 4 (2003): 64–80.
Fredrick, Candice. Women among the Inklings: Gender, C.S. Lewis, J. R. R. Tolkien, and Charles Williams. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2001.
Gardner, Helen. “Clive Staples Lewis, 1898–1963.” Proceedings of the British Academy 51 (1965): 417–428.
Gibb, Jocelyn, ed. Light on C. S. Lewis. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1965.
Gibbs, Lee W. “C. S. Lewis and the Anglican Via Media.” Restoration Quarterly 32 (1990): 105–119.
Gilchrist, K. J. A Morning after War: C. S. Lewis and WWI. New York: Peter Lang, 2005.
Glover, Donald E. “The Magician’s Book: That’s Not Your Story.” Studies in the Literary Imagination 22 (1989): 217–225.
Glyer, Diana. The Company They Keep: C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien as Writers in Community. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2007.
Graham, David, ed. We Remember C. S. Lewis: Essays & Memoirs. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman, 2001.
Gray, William. “Death, Myth and Reality in C. S. Lewis.” Journal of Beliefs & Values 18 (1997): 147–154.
———. Fantasy, Myth and the Measure of Truth: Tales of Pullman, Lewis, Tolkien, MacDonald, and Hoffman. London: Palgrave, 2009.
Green, Roger Lancelyn, and Walter Hooper. C. S. Lewis: A Biography, rev. ed. London: HarperCollins, 2002.
Griffin, William. Clive Staples Lewis: A Dramatic Life. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.
Hardy, Elizabeth Baird. Milton, Spenser and the Chronicles of Narnia: Literary Sources for the C. S. Lewis Novels. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co., 2007.
Harwood, Laurence. C. S. Lewis, My Godfather: Letters, Photos and Recollections. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2007.
Hauerwas, Stanley. “Aslan and the New Morality.” Religious Education 67 (1972): 419–429.
Heck, Joel D. Irrigating Deserts: C. S. Lewis on Education. St. Louis, MO: Concordia, 2005.
Hein, David, and Edward Henderson, eds. C. S. Lewis and Friends: Faith and the Power of Imagination. London: SPCK, 2011.
Holmer, Paul L. C. S. Lewis: The Shape of His Faith and Thought. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.
Holyer, Robert. “The Epistemology of C. S. Lewis’s Till We Have Faces.” Anglican Theological Review 70 (1988): 233–255.
Honda, Mineko. The Imaginative World of C. S. Lewis. New York: University Press of America, 2000.
Hooper, Walter. C. S. Lewis: The Companion and Guide. London: HarperCollins, 2005.
Huttar, Charles A. “C. S. Lewis, T. S. Eliot, and the Milton Legacy: The Nativity Ode Revisited.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 44 (2002): 324–348.
Jacobs, Alan. The Narnian: The Life and Imagination of C. S. Lewis. New York: HarperCollins, 2005.
———. “The Second Coming of C. S. Lewis.” First Things 47 (1994): 27–30.
Johnson, William G., and Marcia K. Houtman. “Platonic Shadows in C. S. Lewis’ Narnia Chronicles.” Modern Fiction Studies 32 (1986): 75–87.
Johnston, Robert K. “Image and Content: The Tension in C. S. Lewis’ Chronicles of Narnia.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 20 (1977): 253–264.
Keeble, N. H. “C. S. Lewis, Richard Baxter, and ‘Mere Christianity.’” Christianity and Literature 30 (1981): 27–44.
Kilby, Clyde S. The Christian World of C. S. Lewis. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964.
King, Don W. “The Anatomy of a Friendship: The Correspondence of Ruth Pitter and C. S. Lewis, 1946–1962.” Mythlore 24, no. 1 (2003): 2–24.
———. C. S. Lewis, Poet: The Legacy of His Poetic Impulse. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2001.
———. “The Distant Voice in C. S. Lewis’s Poems.” Studies in the Literary Imagination 22, no. 2 (1989): 175–184.
———. “Lost but Found: The ‘Missing’ Poems of C. S. Lewis’s Spirits in Bondage.” Christianity and Literature 53 (2004): 163–201.
———. “The Poetry of Prose: C. S. Lewis, Ruth Pitter, and Perelandra.” Christianity and Literature 49, no. 3 (2000): 331–356.
Knight, Gareth. The Magical World of the Inklings. Longmead, Dorset: Element Books, 1990.
Kort, Wesley A. C. S. Lewis Then and Now. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Kreeft, Peter. C. S. Lewis for the Third Millennium: Six Essays on the “Abolition of Man.” San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1994.
———. “C. S. Lewis’s Argument from Desire.” In G. K. Chesterton and C. S. Lewis: The Riddle of Joy, edited by Michael H. MacDonald and Andrew A. Tadie, 249–272. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1989.
Lacoste, Jean-Yves. “Théologie anonyme et christologie pseudonyme: C. S. Lewis, Les Chroniques de Narnia.” Nouvelle Revue Théologique 3 (1990): 381–393.
Lawlor, John. C. S. Lewis: Memories and Reflections. Dallas, TX: Spence Publishing Co., 1998.
Lawyer, John
E. “Three Celtic Voyages: Brendan, Lewis, and Buechner.” Anglican Theological Review 84, no. 2 (2002): 319–343.
Leiva-Merikakis, Erasmo. Love’s Sacred Order: The Four Loves Revisited. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2000.
Lewis, W. H. “Memoir of C. S. Lewis.” In The Letters of C. S. Lewis, edited by W. H. Lewis, 1–26. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1966.
Lindskoog, Kathryn. Finding the Landlord: A Guidebook to C. S. Lewis’s “Pilgrim’s Regress.” Chicago: Cornerstone Press, 1995.
Lindskoog, Kathryn Ann, and Gracia Fay Ellwood. “C. S. Lewis: Natural Law, the Law in Our Hearts.” Christian Century 101, no. 35 (1984): 1059–1062.
Linzey, Andrew. “C. S. Lewis’s Theology of Animals.” Anglican Theological Review 80, no. 1 (1998): 60–81.
Loades, Ann. “C. S. Lewis: Grief Observed, Rationality Abandoned, Faith Regained.” Literature and Theology 3 (1989): 107–121.
———. “The Grief of C. S. Lewis.” Theology Today 46, no. 3 (1989): 269–276.
Lobdell, Jared. The Scientifiction Novels of C. S. Lewis: Space and Time in the Ransom Stories. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2004.
Loomis, Steven R., and Jacob P. Rodriguez. C. S. Lewis: A Philosophy of Education. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.