C. S. Lewis – A Life
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174 Entry for 27 May 1918; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-5.
175 Entry in the “memorandum” section of the diary for the week 5–11 May 1918; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-5.
176 Entry for 31 December 1918; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1-6.
177 Greeves kept a diary recording a visit to Oxford to meet Lewis in 1922, which is buoyant in tone, taking particular pleasure in the fact that Lewis suggested that he extend his visit. See his diary for 28 June–28 August 1922; Arthur Greeves Diaries, 1–7. This diary takes the form of an “Oxford Series” notebook, in which Greeves provides extended description of his artistic work and reflections, making no reference to any of the issues that so troubled him in 1917–1918.
178 Letter to Albert Lewis, 20? June 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 384–387.
179 For comment, see W. H. Lewis, “Memoir of C. S. Lewis,” 9–10.
180 Poems, 81. The exact date of composition of this poem is unclear.
181 Surprised by Joy, 197.
182 Sayer, Jack, xvii–xviii.
183 Letter to Albert Lewis, 29 June 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 387.
184 Letter to Albert Lewis, 18 October 1918; Letters, vol. 1, 409.
185 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 6, 79.
186 See Fred Bickerton, Fred of Oxford: Being the Memoirs of Fred Bickerton (London: Evans Bros, 1953).
187 Letter to Albert Lewis, 27 January 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 428.
188 Spirits in Bondage, 82–83.
189 Note Lewis’s explicit and immediate statement of his “wish to get a fellowship”: Letter to Albert Lewis, 27 January 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 428.
190 Oxford University did not divide the Second Class into “Lower Second (2:2)” and “Upper Second (2:1)” until the 1990s. Oxford awarded Fourth Class Honours until the late 1960s.
191 Oxford University Calendar 1918 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1918), xiv.
192 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 26 January 1919: Letters, vol. 1, 425–426. One of the postwar reforms introduced by most Oxford colleges after the Great War was the abolition of compulsory chapel; Lewis’s enforced attendance at chapel did not last long.
193 Bickerton, Fred of Oxford, 5–9.
194 The village of Headington became part of the city of Oxford in 1929.
195 For example, see Lewis’s letter to Arthur Greeves, 9 February 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 433: “‘The family’ has been greatly taken with your photo.” Or his letter to Arthur Greeves, 18 September 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 467: “The family sends their love.”
196 Earlier letters use the more formal “Mrs Moore”; for example, his letters to Greeves of 6? October 1918 and 26 January 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 404, 425. The first (unexplained) use of this nickname is in the letter to Greeves of 14 July 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 460. It is used regularly thereafter: see, for example, Letters, vol. 1, 463, 465, 469, 473. By the early 1920s, “The Minto” simply became “Minto.”
197 Lady Maureen Dunbar, OH/SR-8, fol. 11, Wade Center Oral History Collection, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL. For the history of “the Minto,” see Doncaster Gazette, 8 May 1934.
198 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 2 June 1919; Letters, vol. 1, 454.
199 See the correspondence between Warren and Albert Lewis on this question: “Lewis Papers,” vol. 6, 118, 124–125, 129.
200 “Lewis Papers,” vol. 6, 161.
201 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 20 February 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 280.
202 Letter to Albert Lewis, 4 April 1920; Letters, vol. 1, 479.
203 Letter to Albert Lewis, 8 December 1920; Letters, vol. 1, 512.
204 Letter to Warren Lewis, 1 July 1921; Letters, vol. 1, 556–557.
205 Letter to Albert Lewis, 17 June 1921; Letters, vol. 1, 551.
206 I am very grateful to colleagues in the Oxford University Archives and the “Special Collections” of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, for their exhaustive searches for this document.
207 Letter to Albert Lewis, 9 July 1921; Letters, vol. 1, 569.
208 Letter to Warren Lewis, 7 August 1921; Letters, vol. 1, 570–573.
209 Letter to Albert Lewis, 18 May 1922; Letters, vol. 1, 591.
210 Darwall-Smith, History of University College Oxford, 447. These changes were implemented in 1926.
211 Letter to Albert Lewis, 18 May 1922; Letters, vol. 1, 591–592.
212 Letter to Albert Lewis, 20 July 1922; Letters, vol. 1, 595.
213 Following the incorporation of Headington into the city of Oxford in 1929, this road was eventually renamed “Holyoake Road” in 1959, to avoid confusion with another “Western Road” in the southern Oxford suburb of Grandpont. The house numbering was also changed, so that the new address of “Hillsboro” is 14 Holyoake Road.
214 All My Road before Me, 123.
215 Some biographies suggest it was a fellowship in philosophy. The Magdalen College archives clearly indicate that it was a “Classical Fellowship.” See The President’s Notebooks, vol. 20, fols. 99–100. Magdalen College Oxford: MS PR 2/20.
216 For the list of eleven candidates, see President’s Notebook for 1922: The President’s Notebooks, vol. 20, fol. 99.
217 All My Road before Me, 110.
218 Ibid., 117.
219 Letter from Sir Herbert Warren to Lewis, 4 November 1922; Magdalen College Oxford, MS 1026/III/3.
220 All My Road before Me, 151.
221 See John Bowlby, Maternal Care and Mental Health (Geneva: World Health Organization, 1952). For a fuller statement, see John Bowlby, A Secure Base: Parent-Child Attachment and Healthy Human Development (New York: Basic Books, 1988). Bowlby’s personal narrative shows similarities to Lewis’s at important points: see Suzan van Dijken, John Bowlby: His Early Life; A Biographical Journey into the Roots of Attachment Theory (London: Free Association Books, 1998).
222 Surprised by Joy, 22.
223 Allegory of Love, 7.
224 Letter to Albert Lewis, 27 June 1921; Letters, vol. 1, 554.
225 All My Road before Me, 240.
226 Such as John Churton Collins, The Study of English Literature: A Plea for Its Recognition and Organization at the Universities (London: Macmillan, 1891).
227 The view of Edward Augustus Freeman (1823–1892), Oxford’s Regius Professor of History, in 1887: see Alvin Kernan, The Death of Literature (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990), 38.
228 Eagleton, Literary Theory, 15–46.
229 All My Road before Me, 120.
230 Ibid., 53.
231 The Allegory of Love, v.
232 Surprised by Joy, 262.
233 Ibid., 239. For the full text of the “Great War” letters, including illustrations, see Letters, vol. 3, 1600–1646.
234 The best study of this phase in Lewis’s life is Adey, C. S. Lewis’s “Great War” with Owen Barfield.
235 Surprised by Joy, 241.
236 Ibid., 243.
237 For a detailed analysis of this approach, see McGrath, “The ‘New Look’: Lewis’s Philosophical Context at Oxford in the 1920s,” in The Intellectual World of C. S. Lewis.
238 Ibid., 237.
239 Ibid., 243.
240 “The Man Born Blind,” in Essay Collection, 783–786.
241 Gibb, Light on C. S. Lewis, 52.
242 All My Road before Me, 256.
243 Letter to Albert Lewis, 1 July 1923; Letters, vol. 1, 610.
244 Peter Bayley, “Family Matters III: The English Rising,” University College Record 14 (2006): 115–116.
245 Darwell-Smith, History of University College, 449.
246 Ibid., 447–452.
247 Letter to Albert Lewis, 11 May 1924; Letters, vol. 1, 627–630.
248 All My Road before Me, 409–410. The plot developed further a few days later: 413–414.
249 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 4? November 1917; Letters, vol. 1, 342.
250 Lewis noted the comment in his diary for 26 January 1927: All My Road before Me, 438.
251 Letter to Albert Lewis, 15 October 1924; Letters, vol. 1, 635.
/> 252 A copy of the original announcement is bound into the President’s Notebook for 1927: The President’s Notebooks, vol. 21, fol. 11. Magdalen College Oxford: MS PR 2/21.
253 See letters to Albert Lewis, April 1925 and 26 May 1925; Letters, vol. 1, 640, 642–646.
254 President Warren, as events made clear, was perfectly prepared to sack even senior fellows who failed to deliver their promised performance.
255 “University News: New Fellow of Magdalen College,” Times, 22 May 1925. There is an error in this report. As we saw in the previous chapter, Lewis actually won his scholarship to University College in 1916 (not 1915), and took up his place at the college in 1917.
256 Letter to Albert Lewis, 14 August 1925; Letters, vol. 1, 647–648.
257 Brockliss, Magdalen College Oxford, 593–594.
258 Lewis commented on this in a letter to his father, written shortly after his arrival at Magdalen: Letter to Albert Lewis, 21 October 1925; Letters, vol. 1, 651.
259 Brockliss, Magdalen College Oxford, 601. The practice of “procession by seniority” was not abandoned until 1958, some years after Lewis had left the college.
260 Ibid., 602.
261 For the salaries of fellows at this time, see Brockliss, Magdalen College Oxford, 597.
262 Letter to Albert Lewis, 21 October 1925; Letters, vol. 1, 650.
263 See Lewis’s diary entries for 23 June and 1 July 1926: All My Road before Me, 416, 420.
264 For Lewis’s emerging understanding of the value of education, see Heck, Irrigating Deserts, 23–48.
265 W. H. Lewis, C. S. Lewis: A Biography, 213.
266 Letter to Owen Barfield, 9 September 1929; Letters, vol. 1, 820.
267 Lewis’s correspondence with his brother about his father’s death seems confused about the dates: see Walter Hooper’s annotations to the letter to Warren Lewis, 29 September 1929; Letters, vol. 1, 823–824.
268 Warnie was in Shanghai, China, on military service; Lewis had arrived back in Oxford on 22 September after being reassured that his father was in no imminent danger.
269 Cromlyn [John Barry], in Church of Ireland Gazette, 5 February 1999. “Cromlyn” was Barry’s pen name when writing for this journal.
270 Letter to Rhona Bodle, 24 March 1954; Letters, vol. 3, 445.
271 Letter to Warren Lewis, 29 September 1929; Letters, vol. 1, 824–825.
272 Warnie’s diary entry for 23 April 1930; “Lewis Papers,” vol. 11, 5.
273 Letter to Dom Bede Griffiths, 8 February 1956; Letters, vol. 3, 703.
274 Surprised by Joy, 231.
275 Ibid., 251.
276 “On Forgiveness,” in Essay Collection, 184–186.
277 Surprised by Joy, 266.
278 Letter to Warren Lewis, 12 January 1930; Letters, vol. 1, 865.
279 Ibid., 870.
280 See Warren Lewis’s letter to Lewis, dated 9 December 1931, confirming these details: Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. Eng. Lett. c. 200/7 fol. 5. The UK Land Registry reference for this property is ON90127.
281 Mrs. Moore’s will was drawn up by Barfield and Barfield, Solicitors, on 13 May 1945, with Maureen and Lewis as executors. By that time, Maureen was married, and her husband was incorporated into the inheritance stipulation.
282 Letter to Warren Lewis, 12 December 1932; Letters, vol. 2, 90. The letter was sent to Le Havre in France, where the Automedon would dock before the final stage of its journey to Liverpool.
283 Maureen Moore was of the view that Warnie did not “retire,” but was thrown out of the army because of an emerging drink problem: Wade Center Oral History Collection: Lady Maureen Dunbar, OH/SR-8, fol. 19.
284 Warnie indicates that his often poor relationship with Mrs. Moore led him to prepare an “exit strategy” involving relocation to the Republic of Ireland. However, this was never put into action. W. H. Lewis, “Memoir of C. S. Lewis,” 24.
285 In 1925, the Merton Chair of English Language and Literature was held by H. C. K. Wyld (1870–1945), and the Merton Chair of English Literature by George Stuart Gordon (1881–1942).
286 All My Road before Me, 392–393.
287 Lewis’s personal library, now held in the Wade Center (Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL), included a copy of the 1926 edition of Geir T. Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, in which Lewis has added notes concerning the conjugation of irregular verbs, as well as Guðbrandur Vigfússon’s Icelandic Prose Reader (1879).
288 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 30 January 1930; Letters, vol. 1, 880.
289 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 26 June 1927; Letters, vol. 1, 701.
290 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 17 October 1929; Letters, vol. 1, 838. This section of the letter was actually written on 3 December.
291 Tolkien eventually abandoned work on this poem in September 1931, and returned to it only in the 1950s.
292 Members of the TCBS (“Tea Club, Barrovian Society”). This club was integral to Tolkien’s literary development, and in some ways anticipates the Inklings: see Carpenter, J. R. R. Tolkien, 67–76; Garth, Tolkien and the Great War, 3–138.
293 Cited in J. R. R. Tolkien, The Lays of Beleriand (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985), 151.
294 Joseph Pearce, Literary Converts: Spiritual Inspiration in an Age of Unbelief (London: HarperCollins, 1999).
295 Surprised by Joy, 221–222.
296 Graham Greene, Collected Essays (New York: Penguin, 1966), 91–92.
297 Donat Gallagher, ed., The Essays, Articles and Reviews of Evelyn Waugh (London: Methuen, 1983), 300–304.
298 Letter to Edward Sackville-West, cited in Michael de-la-Noy, Eddy: The Life of Edward Sackville-West (London: Bodley Head, 1988), 237.
299 Surprised by Joy, 249.
300 Ibid.
301 Ibid., 248.
302 Allegory of Love, 142
303 The Discarded Image, 206.
304 Surprised by Joy, 252–260.
305 Henri Poincaré, Science and Method (London: Nelson, 1914), 129.
306 Surprised by Joy, 197.
307 Ibid., 260–261.
308 For the issues arising, see McGrath, “The Enigma of Autobiography: Critical Reflections on Surprised by Joy,” in The Intellectual World of C. S. Lewis.
309 Surprised by Joy, 264.
310 Letter to Leo Baker, 25 September 1920; Letters, vol. 1, 509.
311 Surprised by Joy, 265.
312 Ibid., 261.
313 Ibid., 265. For further comment on this “treaty with reality,” see McGrath, “The ‘New Look’: Lewis’s Philosophical Context at Oxford in the 1920s,” in The Intellectual World of C. S. Lewis.
314 Ibid., 266.
315 Ibid., 271.
316 Letter from Paul Elmer More to Lewis, 26 April 1935; cited in Letters, vol. 2, 164 n. 37.
317 Surprised by Joy, 272.
318 Ibid., 270.
319 Ibid.
320 Letter to Laurence Krieg, 21 April 1957; Letters, vol. 3, 848.
321 W. H. Lewis, “C. S. Lewis: A Biography,” 43.
322 Surprised by Joy, x.
323 These dates are confirmed in official university publications of the period: see Oxford University Calendar, 1928 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1928), xx–xxii; Oxford University Calendar, 1929 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1929), viii–x. Note that Lewis invariably refers to the eight-week “Full Term” during which tutorials and lectures took place.
324 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 22 September 1931; Letters, vol. 1, 969–972.
325 Letter to Owen Barfield, 3? February 1930; Letters, vol. 1, 882–883.
326 Surprised by Joy, 268.
327 Owen Barfield, in Poe, C. S. Lewis Remembered, 25–35.
328 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 29 October 1930; Letters, vol. 1, 942.
329 Surprised by Joy, 267.
330 Ibid., 268.
331 For an engaging comparison of Lewis and Freud on this point, see Nicholi, The Question of God.
332 Surprised by Joy, 265.
333 Ibid., 270.
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334 Letter to Arthur Greeves, 22 September 1931; Letters, vol. 1, 969–972.