38. Anna E. Stanhewicz and W. Larry Kenney, “Determinants of Water and Sodium Intake and Output,” Nutrition Reviews 73, suppl. 2 (2015): 73–82.
39. L. Day, M. A. Augustin, I. L. Batey, and C. W. Wrigley, “Wheat-gluten Uses and Industry Needs,” Trends in Food Science & Technology 17, no. 2 (2006): 82–90.
40. Martin W. Laass, Roma Schmitz, Holm H. Uhlig, Klaus-Peter Zimmer, Michael Thamm, and Sibylle Koletzko, “The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in Children and Adolescents in Germany,” Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online, 2015.
41. Alberto Rubio-Tapia, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Tricia L. Brantner, Joseph A. Murray, and James E. Everhart, “The Prevalence of Celiac Disease in the United States,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology 107, no. 10 (2012): 1538–44.
42. Imran Pasha, Farhan Saeed, Muhammad Tauseef Sultan, Rizwana Batool, Mahwash Aziz, and Waqas Ahmed, “Wheat Allergy and Intolerence; Recent Updates and Perspectives,” Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 56, no. 1 (2013): 13–24.
43. Carlo Catassi, Julio C. Bai, Bruno Bonaz, Gerd Bouma, Antonio Calabrò, Antonio Carroccio, Gemma Castillejo, Carolina Ciacci, Fernanda Cristofori, Jernej Dolinsek, Ruggiero Francavilla, Luca Elli, Peter Green, Wolfgang Holtmeier, Peter Koehler, Sibylle Koletzko, Christof Meinhold, David Sanders, Michael Schumann, Detlef Schuppan, Reiner Ullrich, Andreas Vécsei, Umberto Volta, Victor Zevallos, Anna Sapone, and Alessio Fasano, “Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders,” MDPI, September 26, 2013, accessed January 14, 2019, https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/10/3839.
44. Jessica R. Biesiekierski, Evan D. Newnham, Peter M. Irving, Jacqueline S. Barrett, Melissa Haines, James D. Doecke, Susan J. Shepherd, Jane G. Muir, and Peter R. Gibson, “Gluten Causes Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Subjects Without Celiac Disease: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial,” The American Journal of Gastroenterology 106, no. 3 (2011): 508–14.
45. Patrice D. Cani, “Human Gut Microbiome: Hopes, Threats and Promises,” Gut 67, no. 9 (2018): 1716–25.
46. Lawrence A. David, Corinne F. Maurice, Rachel N. Carmody, David B. Gootenberg, Julie E. Button, Benjamin E. Wolfe, Alisha V. Ling, A. Sloan Devlin, Yug Varma, Michael A. Fischbach, Sudha B. Biddinger, Rachel J. Dutton, and Peter J. Turnbaugh, “Diet Rapidly and Reproducibly Alters the Human Gut Microbiome,” Nature 505, no. 7484 (2013): 559–64.
47. W. H. Wilson Tang, Zeneng Wang, Bruce S. Levison, Robert A. Koeth, Earl B. Britt, Xiaoming Fu, Yuping Wu, and Stanley L. Hazen, “Intestinal Microbial Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine and Cardiovascular Risk,” New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 17 (2013): 1575–84.
48. Nicholas F. McMahon, Michael D. Leveritt, and Toby G. Pavey, “The Effect of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Endurance Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Sports Medicine 47, no. 4 (2016): 735–56.
49. Andrew R. Coggan, and Linda R. Peterson, “Dietary Nitrate and Skeletal Muscle Contractile Function in Heart Failure,” Current Heart Failure Reports 13, no. 4 (2016): 158–65.
50. Jonas Esche, Simone Johner, Lijie Shi, Eckhard Schönau, and Thomas Remer,”Urinary Citrate, an Index of Acid-Base Status, Predicts Bone Strength in Youths and Fracture Risk in Adult Females,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 12 (2016): 4914–21.
51. Jessica C. Kiefte-De Jong, Yanping Li, Mu Chen, Gary C. Curhan, Josiemer Mattei, Vasanti S. Malik, John P. Forman, Oscar H. Franco, and Frank B. Hu, “Diet-dependent Acid Load and Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Results from Three Prospective Cohort Studies,” Diabetologia 60, no. 2 (2016): 270–79.
52. Paweena Susantitaphong, Kamal Sewaralthahab, Ethan M. Balk, Bertrand L. Jaber, and Nicolaos E. Madias, “Short- and Long-Term Effects of Alkali Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review,” American Journal of Nephrology 35, no. 6 (2012): 540–47.
53. K. Michaelsson, A. Wolk, S. Langenskiold, S. Basu, E. Warensjo Lemming, H. Melhus, and L. Byberg, “Milk Intake and Risk of Mortality and Fractures in Women and Men: Cohort Studies,” BMJ 349 (2014): g6015.
54. Thomas Remer, Triantafillia Dimitriou, and Friedrich Manz, “Dietary Potential Renal Acid Load and Renal Net Acid Excretion in Healthy, Free-living Children and Adolescents,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, no. 5 (2003): 1255–60.
55. Guenther Boden, Carol Homko, Carlos A. Barrero, T. Peter Stein, Xinhua Chen, Peter Cheung, Chiara Fecchio, Sarah Koller, and Salim Merali, “Excessive Caloric Intake Acutely Causes Oxidative Stress, GLUT4 Carbonylation, and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Men,” Science Translational Medicine 7, no. 304 (2015).
56. S. Steven and R. Taylor, “Restoring Normoglycaemia by Use of a Very Low Calorie Diet in Long- and Short-duration Type 2 Diabetes,” Diabetic Medicine 32, no. 9 (2015): 1149–55.
57. Andreas Michalsen and Chenying Li, “Fasting Therapy for Treating and Preventing Disease—Current State of Evidence,” Forschende Komplementärmedizin / Research in Complementary Medicine 20, no. 6 (2013): 444–53.
58. Mary MacVean, “Why Loma Linda Residents Live Longer than the Rest of Us: They Treat the Body like a Temple,” Los Angeles Times, July 11, 2015, www.latimes.com/health/la-he-blue-zone-loma-linda-20150711-story.html.
59. Gary E. Fraser and David J. Shavlik, “Ten Years of Life,” Archives of Internal Medicine 161, no. 13 (2001): 1645.
60. K. J. Carpenter, “Protein Requirements of Adults from an Evolutionary Perspective,” The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 55, no. 5 (1992): 913–17.
61. Mingyang Song, Teresa T. Fung, Frank B. Hu, Walter C. Willett, Valter D. Longo, Andrew T. Chan, and Edward L. Giovannucci, “Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality,” JAMA Internal Medicine 176, no. 10 (2016): 1453–63.
62. Stephen J. Simpson, David G. Le Couteur, David Raubenheimer, Samantha M. Solon-Biet, Gregory J. Cooney, Victoria C. Cogger, and Luigi Fontana, “Dietary Protein, Aging and Nutritional Geometry,” Ageing Research Reviews 39 (2017): 78–86.
63. Song et al., “Association of Animal and Plant Protein Intake With All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality.”
64. K. Michaelsson, A. Wolk, S. Langenskiold, S. Basu, E. Warensjo Lemming, H. Melhus, and L. Byberg, “Milk Intake and Risk of Mortality and Fractures in Women and Men: Cohort Studies,” BMJ 349 (2014): g6015.
65. Diane Feskanich, Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari, A. Lindsay Frazier, and Walter C. Willett, “Milk Consumption During Teenage Years and Risk of Hip Fractures in Older Adults,” JAMA Pediatrics 168, no. 1 (2014): 54–60.
66. Greger and Stone, How Not to Die.
67. Carrie R. Daniel, Amanda J. Cross, Corinna Koebnick, and Rashmi Sinha, “Trends in Meat Consumption in the USA,” Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 4 (2010): 575–83.
68. Catey Hill, “This Chart Proves Americans Love Their Meat,” MarketWatch, December 01, 2016, accessed January 14, 2019, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/this-chart-proves-americans-love-their-meat-2016-08-15.
69. Erich Rauch, Die Darmreinigung Nach Dr. Med. F.X. Mayr: Wie Sie Richtig Entschlacken, Entgiften Und Entsäuern (Heidelberg: Haug, 2001).
70. Bonnie L. Beezhold and Carol S. Johnston, “Restriction of Meat, Fish, and Poultry in Omnivores Improves Mood: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial,” Nutrition Journal 11, no. 1 (2012): 9.
71. Shuang Tian, Qian Xu, Ruyue Jiang, Tianshu Han, Changhao Sun, and Lixin Na, “Dietary Protein Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies,” Nutrients 9, no. 9 (2017): 982.
72. W. H. Wilson Tang, Zeneng Wang, Bruce S. Levison, Robert A. Koeth, Earl B. Britt, Xiaoming Fu, Yuping Wu, and Stanley L. Hazen, “Intestinal Microbial Metabolism of Phosphatidylcholine and Cardiovascular Risk,” New England Journal of Medicine 368, no. 17 (2013): 1575–84.
73. Anahad O’Connor, “Advice from a Vegan Cardiologist,” The New York Times Well blog, August 6, 2
014, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/06/advice-from-a-vegan-cardiologist/.
74. David J. A. Jenkins, “Effects of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol-Lowering Foods vs Lovastatin on Serum Lipids and C-Reactive Protein,” JAMA 290, no. 4 (2003): 502.
75. Jenkins, “Effects of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol-Lowering Foods,” 502.
76. Beth A. Taylor and Paul D. Thompson, “Statin-Associated Muscle Disease: Advances in Diagnosis and Management,” Neurotherapeutics 15, no. 4 (2018): 1006–17.
77. Takehiro Sugiyama, Yusuke Tsugawa, Chi-Hong Tseng, Yasuki Kobayashi, and Martin F. Shapiro, “Different Time Trends of Caloric and Fat Intake Between Statin Users and Nonusers Among US Adults,” JAMA Internal Medicine 174, no. 7 (2014): 1038.
78. Greger and Stone, How Not to Die.
79. Vesanto Melina, Winston Craig, and Susan Levin, “Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets.” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 116, no. 12 (2016): 1970–80.
80. Harald Lemke, Ethik des Essens. Eine Einführung in die Gastrosophie (Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2007).
CHAPTER SIX: STAGNATION IS CAUSE FOR ILLNESS
1. Karl Ed. Rothschuh, “Ernst Schweninger (1850–1924) Zu Seinem Leben Und Wirken: Ergänzungen, Korrekturen,” Medizinhistorisches Journal 19, no. 3 (1984): 250–58.
2. Siri Kvam, Catrine Lykkedrang Kleppe, Inger Hilde Nordhus, and Anders Hovland, “Exercise as a Treatment for Depression: A Meta-analysis,” Journal of Affective Disorders 202 (2016): 67–86.
3. Hmwe H. Kyu, Victoria F. Bachman, Lily T. Alexander, John Everett Mumford, Ashkan Afshin, Kara Estep, J. Lennert Veerman, Kristen Delwiche, Marissa L. Iannarone, Madeline L. Moyer, Kelly Cercy, Theo Vos, Christopher J L Murray, and Mohammad H. Forouzanfar, “Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Diabetes, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Ischemic Stroke Events: Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013,” BMJ 354 (2016): i3857.
4. Kyu et al., “Physical Activity and Risk.”
5. Roy J. Shephard, “Physical Activity and Prostate Cancer: An Updated Review,” Sports Medicine 47, no. 6 (2016): 1055–73.
6. Q. Li, Kanehisa Morimoto, M. Kobayashi, Hirofumi Inagaki, M. Katsumata, Y. Hirata, K. Hirata, T. Shimizu, Y. J. Li, Y. Wakayama, T. Kawada, Tatsuro Ohira, Norimasa Takayama, Takahide Kagawa, and Yoshifumi Miyazaki, “A Forest Bathing Trip Increases Human Natural Killer Activity and Expression of Anti-cancer Proteins in Female Subjects,” Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents 22, no. 1 (2008): 45–55.
7. J. Lee, B. J. Park, Y. Tsunetsugu, T. Ohira, T. Kagawa, and Y. Miyazaki, “Effect of Forest Bathing on Physiological and Psychological Responses in Young Japanese Male Subjects,” Public Health 125, no. 2 (2011): 93–100.
8. R. Ulrich, “View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery,” Science 224, no. 4647 (1984): 420.
9. Diana E. Bowler, Lisette M. Buyung-Ali, Teri M. Knight, and Andrew S. Pullin, “A Systematic Review of Evidence for the Added Benefits to Health of Exposure to Natural Environments,” BMC Public Health 10, no. 1 (2010).
10. Nadja Lejtzén, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, and Xinjun Li, “Depression and Anxiety in Swedish Primary Health Care: Prevalence, Incidence, and Risk Factors,” European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 264, no. 3 (2013): 235–45.
11. Gregory N. Bratman, J. Paul Hamilton, Kevin S. Hahn, Gretchen C. Daily, and James J. Gross, “Nature Experience Reduces Rumination and Subgenual Prefrontal Cortex Activation,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 28 (2015): 8567–72.
12. Danielle F. Shanahan, Robert Bush, Kevin J. Gaston, Brenda B. Lin, Julie Dean, Elizabeth Barber, and Richard A. Fuller, “Health Benefits from Nature Experiences Depend on Dose,” Scientific Reports 6, no. 1 (2016).
13. Chorong Song, Harumi Ikei, and Yoshifumi Miyazaki, “Physiological Effects of Visual Stimulation with Forest Imagery,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 2 (2018): 213.
14. Nancy Humpel, Neville Owen, Don Iverson, Eva Leslie, and Adrian Bauman, “Perceived Environment Attributes, Residential Location, and Walking for Particular Purposes,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine 26, no. 2 (2004): 119–25.
15. Kyu et al., “Physical Activity and Risk of Breast Cancer, Colon Cancer, Diabetes, Ischemic Heart Disease, and Ischemic Stroke Events.”
16. Christian M. Werner, Anne Hecksteden, Arne Morsch, Joachim Zundler, Melissa Wegmann, Jürgen Kratzsch, Joachim Thiery, Mathias Hohl, Jörg Thomas Bittenbring, Frank Neumann, Michael Böhm, Tim Meyer, and Ulrich Laufs, “Differential Effects of Endurance, Interval, and Resistance Training on Telomerase Activity and Telomere Length in a Randomized, Controlled Study,” European Heart Journal 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 34–46.
17. Jan Wilke, Robert Schleip, Werner Klingler, and Carla Stecco, “The Lumbodorsal Fascia as a Potential Source of Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review,” BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6.
18. Rainer Lüdtke, Uwe Albrecht, Rainer Stange, and Bernhard Uehleke, “Brachialgia Paraesthetica Nocturna Can Be Relieved by ‘Wet Cupping’—Results of a Randomised Pilot Study,” Complementary Therapies in Medicine 14, no. 4 (2006): 247–53.
19. Joseph Henson, David W. Dunstan, Melanie J. Davies, and Thomas Yates, “Sedentary Behaviour as a New Behavioural Target in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes,” Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews 32 (2016): 213–20.
CHAPTER SEVEN: YOGA, MEDITATION, AND MINDFULNESS
1. Mika Kivimäki, Markus Jokela, Solja T. Nyberg, Archana Singh-Manoux, Eleonor I. Fransson, Lars Alfredsson, Jakob B. Bjorner, Marianne Borritz, Hermann Burr, Annalisa Casini, Els Clays, Dirk De Bacquer, Nico Dragano, Raimund Erbel, Goedele A. Geuskens, Mark Hamer, Wendela E. Hooftman, Irene L. Houtman, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, France Kittel, Anders Knutsson, Markku Koskenvuo, Thorsten Lunau, Ida E H Madsen, Martin L. Nielsen, Maria Nordin, Tuula Oksanen, Jan H. Pejtersen, Jaana Pentti, Reiner Rugulies, Paula Salo, Martin J. Shipley, Johannes Siegrist, Andrew Steptoe, Sakari B. Suominen, Töres Theorell, Jussi Vahtera, Peter J M Westerholm, Hugo Westerlund, Dermot Oreilly, Meena Kumari, G. David Batty, Jane E. Ferrie, and Marianna Virtanen, “Long Working Hours and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Published and Unpublished Data for 603 838 Individuals,” The Lancet 386, no. 10005 (2015): 1739–46.
2. Maurice M. Ohayon, “Epidemiology of Insomnia: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn,” Sleep Medicine Reviews 6, no. 2 (2002): 97–111.
3. M. A. Killingsworth and D. T. Gilbert, “A Wandering Mind Is an Unhappy Mind,” Science 330, no. 6006 (2010): 932.
4. Tetsuya Nakazawa, Yasushi Okubo, Yasushi Suwazono, Etsuko Kobayashi, Shingo Komine, Norihisa Kato, and Koji Nogawa, “Association between Duration of Daily VDT Use and Subjective Symptoms,” American Journal of Industrial Medicine 42, no. 5 (2002): 421–26.
5. Stefan Brunnhuber, Die Kunst der Transformation: Wie wir lernen, die Welt zu verändern (N.P.: Verlag Herder, 2016).
6. Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley, and Aryn C. Karpinski, “The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Academic Performance, Anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life in College Students,” Computers in Human Behavior 31 (2014): 343–50.
7. Lee Rainie, Kathryn Zickuhr, Lee Rainie, and Kathryn Zickuhr, “Americans’ Views on Mobile Etiquette,” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, January 03, 2018, accessed January 23, 2019, http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-views-on-mobile-etiquette/.
8. Firdaus S. Dhabhar, “Effects of Stress on Immune Function: The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful,” Immunologic Research 58, no. 2–3 (2014): 193–210.
9. Dhabhar, “Effects of Stress on Immune Function,” 193–210.
10. Richard J. Davidson, Jon Kabat-Zinn, Jessica Schumacher, Melissa Rosenkranz, Danie
l Muller, Saki F. Santorelli, Ferris Urbanowski, Anne Harrington, Katherine Bonus, and John F. Sheridan, “Alterations in Brain and Immune Function Produced by Mindfulness Meditation,” Psychosomatic Medicine 65, no. 4 (2003): 564–70.
11. Firdaus S. Dhabhar, “The Short-term Stress Response—Mother Nature’s Mechanism for Enhancing Protection and Performance under Conditions of Threat, Challenge, and Opportunity,” Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 49 (2018): 175–92.
12. Shira Meir Drexler and Oliver T. Wolf, “The Role of Glucocorticoids in Emotional Memory Reconsolidation,” Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 142 (2017): 126–34.
13. Abiola Keller, Kristin Litzelman, Lauren E. Wisk, Torsheika Maddox, Erika Rose Cheng, Paul D. Creswell, and Whitney P. Witt, “Does the Perception That Stress Affects Health Matter? The Association with Health and Mortality,” Health Psychology 31, no. 5 (2012): 677–84.
14. Brunnhuber, Die Kunst der Transformation.
15. Annika Rosengren, Steven Hawken, Stephanie Ôunpuu, Karen Sliwa, Mohammad Zubaid, Wael A. Almahmeed, Kathleen Ngu Blackett, Chitr Sitthi-Amorn, Hiroshi Sato, and Salim Yusuf, “Association of Psychosocial Risk Factors with Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in 11 119 Cases and 13 648 Controls from 52 Countries (the INTERHEART Study): Case-control Study,” The Lancet 364, no. 9438 (2004): 953–62.
16. Hermann Nabi, Mika Kivimäki, G. David Batty, Martin J. Shipley, Annie Britton, Eric J. Brunner, Jussi Vahtera, Cédric Lemogne, Alexis Elbaz, and Archana Singh-Manoux, “Increased Risk of Coronary Heart Disease among Individuals Reporting Adverse Impact of Stress on Their Health: The Whitehall II Prospective Cohort Study,” European Heart Journal 34, no. 34 (2013): 2697–705.
17. Shwetha Nair, Mark Sagar, John Sollers, Nathan Consedine, and Elizabeth Broadbent, “Do Slumped and Upright Postures Affect Stress Responses? A Randomized Trial,” Health Psychology 34, no. 6 (2015): 632–41.
18. Beatrice Kennedy, Fang Fang, Unnur Valdimarsdóttir, Ruzan Udumyan, Scott Montgomery, and Katja Fall, “Stress Resilience and Cancer Risk: A Nationwide Cohort Study,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 71, no. 10 (2017): 947–53.
The Nature Cure Page 31