circularity, of time and speed, 182–83
Cohen, I. Bernard, 125–26
comets, 16, 25
Conduitt, Catherine, 54, 64, 65, 272
Conduitt, John, 51, 53, 54, 56, 61, 64, 65, 271, 275
conjectures, alchemists', 75, 92; Cohen on, 126; Cuvier's, 99–100; Darwin's, 108–13; Einstein's, 173, 194; Milton on, v; Newton on, v, 55–56; historical, xii–xvi, 3, 10, 62, 75, 97, 126, 140, 196–97, 201–2, 204, 210–14, 217–18, 234, 248, 251–55; Keesing's, 67–68; Kepler's, 32–33, 38
Connor, James A., 261
contraction. See length contraction
conventions, 183
Cook, Florence, 160, 295
Coolidge, Calvin, 236, 311
Cooper, Lane, 2, 9–12
Copernican system, 13, 24, 26, 30–39, 43–45, 249
Copernicus, Nicolaus, xi, 19–37, 41, 43–46, 58, 103, 249, 261, 266; death of, 22–23
Coresio, Giorgio, 7, 10
Corney, Bolton, 61, 64
Coulomb, Charles A., 57, 129–46, 154, 178, 255, 290, 291
Council of Trent, 35, 26
Crollie, Oswald, 70, 74
Crookes, William, 153–54, 158, 160–61, 295
Crowther, James Arnold, 291
crystalline spheres, 25–26
Curie, Marie, 85–90, 92–93, 157, 159, 196
Curie, Pierre, 85–86, 88–89, 157
Cuvier, Georges, 99–101
D'Albe, Edmund Fournier, 159
Dalibard, Thomas, 120, 287
Damour, Thibault, 212–13
Darwin, Charles, xi, 101–3, 227, 309–10; experiments of, 112–13, 115; and finches, xv, 65, 95–98, 106, 108–9, 117, 118, 248, 252, 255, 282–83; on frogs, 111–12, 117, 285; at the Galápagos Islands, 95–98, 104–13, 117, 248, 282, 284; and Marx, 250–52, 314; on mockingbirds, 97, 106, 108–9; on Origin of Species, xv; on praise, xii; on tortoises, 97, 98, 104–8, 110–11
Davenport, Charles, 233–34, 235, 238
Davis, E. A., 161
Davisson, C. J., 163
Democritus, 70
De Morgan, Augustus, 62, 66
devil and demons, 23, 42, 43, 52, 267
Diana, goddess of hunting, 71, 78, 80, 83
Digges, Thomas, 23, 24, 41
Diogenes Laertius, 42, 129, 290
discovery, and Darwin, 97, 117; Einstein on, 228; of electrons, 147–13; by Galileo, 31–34, 252; Newton on, 54–58; and Newton's apple, 62–63; priority of, 158
D'Israeli, Isaac, 60–62, 63, 64
Drake, Stillman, 2–3, 10
Drinkwater, John Eliot, 272–73
Duillier, Fatio de, 56, 57, 274
Ecphantus, 261
Einstein, Albert, on agnosticism, 169–71; on atheism, 166, 168, 171; on beer, coffee, and tobacco, 174; and Besso, 174–75, 183, 208–13, 217; on the Bible, 164, 169; as a child, 164, 220; on childish thinking, 219–28; on Christianity, 164, 171; and clock towers myth, 206–15; and daughter, 195, 222, 308; on the ether, 174; and friends, 197, 201, 211, 216–17, 221; and God, 164–71, 214, 296, 297, 298, 307; on gravity, 165; on heredity, 238–39; and Hume, 183, 217–18, 227, 301; on intuition, 220; and Judaism, 164, 170–71; on lies and misrepresentations, xi, 172; on light, 173–75, 183–92, 194; and Lorentz, 227; and Mach, 175, 217–18, 222–23, 227; on mathematics, 164–65; myths about, 165, 212–15; and nuclear fission, 147; on pantheism, 166, 168, 171; on prayer, 166–67; on relativity, xv, 183–92, 194–95, 216–19, 226–27, 301; and religion, 164–71; as a saint, xi–xii, 165; on simultaneity, 183–88; and sons, 200–203, 226, 237–38, 243–44; on Spinoza, 166, 170, 309; as a student, 165, 174; and the Swiss patent office, 174, 199, 206, 215–17; on time, 182–89, 206; and wife, 174, 193–205, 222, 238
Einstein, Eduard, 204, 238, 243
Einstein, Hans Albert, 200–204, 226, 243–44
Einstein, Lieserl, 195, 222, 308
Einstein, Maja, 164, 220
Einstein-Marić, Mileva. See Marić, Mileva
electricity, constitution of, 147–63, 293; Coulomb on, 129–46; de Romas on, 122–23; force of, 130–32; Franklin on, 118–21, 248; and life, 128–30; in lightning, 118–27, 287, 288; Priestley on, 57, 290; and radioactivity, 85, 87; for synchrony, 209–11, 306
electrons, 147–63, 190, 255, 291
Elkana, Yehuda, 297
Engels, 251
epicycles, 16–21, 29, 32, 34, 35, 41, 261, 294
equality, of historical influences, 216; of humans, 126, 230, 233, 235–40, 242–43, 246, 310; of speeds, 5, 8, 181–83, 189
equants, 19, 35
equinox, 19, 261
Esterson, Allen, 302, 304
ether, 173–74, 194, 293
Euclid, 289
eugenics, 229–47
Euler, Leonhard, 59, 64, 275
Eve and Adam, 52, 58
Everdell, William, 209, 211, 305
evolution, of species, xv, 103, 109–17, 158, 224, 227, 229–31, 284, 285; of behaviors, 229, 245–46, 255; of the mind, 221–25; of mythical stories, xii–xv, 10, 41, 74, 98, 161–62, 206–15, 247–55; myths about, 95–99, 106, 248, 282
extinction, 99–102
Falconer, Isobel, 161
Fara, Patricia, 212
Faraday, Michael, 139–40
Favaro, Antonio, 9
Fay, Margaret, 251
Fermi, Enrico, 147
Feuer, Lewis S., 251
Finocchiaro, Maurice A., 265
FitzGerald, George Francis, 158, 291
FitzGerald contraction. See length contraction
FitzRoy, Robert, 97–98, 101–4, 107, 250; death of, 310
Fizeau, Armand Hippolyte, 180–81, 300
Flückiger, Max, 211
Folkes, Martin, 51, 54, 64, 271
Fölsing, Albrecht, 209, 211
Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, 271
Forbes, George, 67
Forbes, J. D., 67
Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, 35–37, 43
Foster, George, 128–29, 290
Foucault, Jean Bernard Léon, 46
Franck, James, 219, 226, 241
Frank, Philipp, 198
Franklin, Benjamin, hoaxes of, 124; kite experiment of, 63, 119–27, 133, 136, 146, 248, 249, 287–89; on population, 113–14, 241–42, 286
Franklin, William, 119, 122, 124, 289
Freemasons, 124–25, 289
Galilei, Galileo, xi, and astrology, 70; birth of, 8–9; discoveries of, 31–34, 252; on Earth's motion, 31–46; on falling bodies, 6–8, 53; and historians, 2–4, 9–12, 250, 254; and the Inquisition, 36–37, 39–41, 43–45; and Kepler, 34; and the Leaning Tower of Pisa, 1–12, 65, 206, 215, 249–50, 259; and Milton, 58; and Nazi eugenics, 240; and Newton's birthday, 47–48; and the popes, 39, 269–270; on Pythagoras, 31, 44, 269
Galison, Peter L., 208–13, 216, 305
Gall, Franz Joseph, 63, 64
Galton, Francis, 230–33, 241–42
Garden of Eden, 58–59, 99
Gauss, Carl Friedrich, 63
Geminos, 16–17
genetic epistemology, 220–21
genetic method, 221–24, 226, 308
genetics, 232, 233, 238, 243–46
geometry, Einstein on, 164–65; Galileo on, 39; and God, 40; Helmholtz on, 223; Kepler's use of, 28–29; Proclus on, 265; and Pythagoras, xiv, 43, 73, 125; Ptolemy's use of, 17–18, 21, 24
Gibbon, Edward, 74, 74–85
Gilbert, William, 55
Gingerich, Owen, 18
God, 21–22, 25, 35–36, 52, 90, 98–99, 101, 109–11, 116, 261, 267, 274; alchemists and, 70, 76–78, 82; Bruno on, 30; Copernicus on, 22; and Darwin, 101, 110, 116–17, 251; Galileo on, 35, 39; and Einstein, xi, 164–71, 214, 218, 296, 297, 307; Kepler on, 27–28; Malthus on, 114; Milton on, 52; Newton on, 48, 55, 58, 274; Plato on, 19, 241; Porphyry on, 42
gods. See Apollo; Bacchus; Chronos, Diana; Hermes; Pluto; Zeus
Goldstein, Herbert, 166
Gooday, Graeme, 161–62
Gould, John, 98, 108–9
Gould, Stephen Jay, 97–98, 310
Grant, Peter, 283
Grant, Rosemary, 283
gravity, Boulliau on, 57; Einstein on, 165; Hooke on, 55, 57; Kepler on, 54–58, 272; Newton on, 49–57, 130–31, 140, 141, 191, 248; Pythagoras and, 55–57, 273–74
Greene, Robert, 51, 54, 64, 271
Gregory, David, 56–57
Gregory, Richard, 10
Grotius, John, 6
Gutkind, Eric, 169, 298
Habicht, Conrad, 197, 201, 217
Habicht, Franz Paul, 306
Hahn, Otto, 148
Hall, A. Rupert, 64
Hallé, Jean-Noël, 289
Haller, Friedrich, 212
Ham, Ken, 69
harmony of the spheres, 15, 29, 41, 56–57, 265
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, 93
Hawking, Stephen W., 47–48, 270
Heering, Peter, 137–43, 146, 290, 291
Heilbron, John L., 140, 141
hell, 36, 41–42, 73, 98, 104, 266, 269
Helmholtz, Hermann von, 155, 223–25
Heraclides Ponticus, 73, 261, 278
Hermanns, William, 167
Hermes, the messenger god, 70, 71, 73, 74, 78, 80, 85, 206, 230, 266, 278
Hermes Trismegistus, 71, 73, 266, 278
Herodotus, 74–75, 278
Herschel, John, 109, 285
Hertz, Heinrich, 150, 155
Hesiod, 42
Hess, Rudolf, 240
Hicetas of Syracuse, 261
Hipparchus, 262
Hippolytus, 265–66
Hitler, Adolf, 239–40, 242
Hittorf, Johann, 153
Hollingworth, Leta, 236–37
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 237
Holton, Gerald, 204
Homer, 42
Hooke, Robert, 55, 57, 273, 279
Hume, David, 183, 217–18, 227, 301
Hunt, Bruce, 161
Hunter, Michael, 82
hypotheses, astronomical, 15, 16, 24, 34, 37, 41; biological, 99–101, 234; geological, 102–3, 284; physical, 88, 141, 158–59, 163, 194. See also conjectures, historical
Iamblichus, 40, 41, 241
immigration laws, 235–36, 239, 311
Inchofer, Melchior, 44, 269
intuition, 220, 223, 226
Isaacson, Walter, xi, 168, 211–12, 306
Isocrates, 74–75
Jammer, Max, 167–69, 213
Jaumann, 155–56, 293
Jefferson, Thomas, 310
Jesuits, 8, 34–35, 39, 43–45, 124
Jesus Christ, 21, 40, 267; Bruno on, 30; compared to Curie, 90; as inferior to God, 274; Kepler on, 37; Newton on, 274; Porphyry on, 267
Joffe, Abram, 198–200
Johnson, George B., 98
Joly, Philipp von, 149
Jost, Adolf, 239
Judaism, 42, 166, 274; Einstein on, 164, 166, 169–71; unfairly attacked, 235, 239, 240, 241, 242
“Jukes” family, 235
Kaku, Michio, 211, 214
Kant, Immanuel, 173
Kaufmann, Walter, 156–57, 161, 163, 294
Kayser, Rudolf, 212, 300
Keesing, Richard, 66–69
Kelvin, Lord, 149, 291
Kendall, James, 91
Kepler, Johannes, xi, 26–29, 31–39, 41, 43, 261; on astrology, 43, 45, 70; on the Bible, 28, 34–35; and Brahe's death, 26, 263; on extraterrestrial life, 31–32, 264; and Galileo, 32–34, 45; and German physics, 240; on God, 28; on gravity, 54–58, 272; on the planets, 28–29, 265; on the Pythagoreans, 28–29, 38, 41, 43, 73, 265, 278; on the tides, 45; and his “witch” mother, 32, 38
Kevles, Daniel, 231
King Henry IV, 76
King Henry VI, 76
King Louis XIV, 83
King Midas, 71–72, 253
King, Katie, 160
Koestler, Arthur, 23
Krstić, Dord, 195–96, 203, 304
Kuhn, Thomas S., 162
Lack, David, 96, 98
Lamarck, Jean, 99, 113
Larmor, Joseph, 157, 291
Laughlin, Harry, 236, 237
Lederman, Leon, 11
Lejeune, Jérôme, 244
Lenard, Philipp, 155, 157, 161, 240
length contraction, 172, 187–91
Licoppe, Christian, 140
light speed, constancy of, xv, 172–74, 183, 189–91; dependent on its source, 194, 300; independent of its source, 181, 194; measurement of, 178–83, 300; in opposite directions, 180–83, 186–87
Lightman, Alan, 207–8, 211
lightning, 121–22, 131, 162; Einstein on, 184–85; and Franklin, 118–27, 248, 249; de Romas on, 122–23, 287–89
Lindberg, David C., 278
Livingston, Niall, 75
Locke, John, 83
Lodge, Oliver, 156
Lord of the Rings, 249
Lorentz contraction. See length contraction
Lorentz, Hendrik A., 157, 195, 218, 227
Lucian of Samosata, 72, 264
Luther, Martin, 22, 39, 42; followers of, 23, 24, 30, 37, 40, 45
Lyell, Charles, 102–4, 109, 284
Mach, Ernst, 175, 217–18, 222–23, 225, 227
Macrobius, 56–57, 266
magic, 16, 30, 42, 72, 191, 255, 267, 268
Malthus, Thomas, 114–15, 232, 252, 286–87
Marić, Mileva, 193–205, 218, 222, 227, 238, 249, 252–54
Martínez, Rubén, 148
Matthew, Patrick, 158, 294–95
Marx, Eleanor, 251
Marx, Karl, 250–52, 314; followers of, 239
Mazzei, Philip, 310
Mazzoni, Jacopo, 6–7
Meitner, Lise, 148, 241
Mendel, Gregor, 233, 310
Mercury, the god. See Hermes
mermaids, 218, 307
Michelangelo, 9
Michelmore, Peter, 200–201, 226
Mih, Walter, 213–14
Miklich, Donald R., 259
Miller, Arthur I., 208–9, 211, 216
Millikan, Robert A., 149, 159, 161
Milton, John, v, 51–52, 58–59, 274
Moletti, Giuseppe, 5
Moszkowski, Alexander, 210, 226, 227, 308
myths, xi–xvi, 93–94, 117, 162, 210, 213, 218, 247–48; of Darwin's finches, 96–98, 117, 248, 252; of Darwin and tortoises, 106; of Darwin and Marx, 250–52; of discovery of electrons, 162–63; of Earth at center, 36; about Einstein, 165; about Einstein and clocks, 206–15; of Einstein's wife, 193–205; 252–53; of epicycles, 18; of eugenics, 244–46; evolution of, 210–11, 248–55; as falsehood, xiv; of Franklin and kite, 126; of Galileo imprisoned, 44; of Galileo and Leaning Tower, 9–11, 215, 250; of Galileo and Newton, 13; of human equality, 235–36, 242; of human races, 243; and Harry Potter, 93; of King Midas, 71–72, 253; and Joseph Campbell, 94; about light speed, 177–83; in Mythbusters, 126; of Newton's apple, 59; Popper on, xvi; of Prometheus, 120; of Pythagoras's travels, 73; of radium as panacea, 88; of Thomson's plum-pudding atom, 149; of transmutation, 71–85
natural selection, 97, 116, 158, 227, 232, 244, 294–95
Neffe, Jürgen, xii,
Newton, Isaac, on alchemy, 63–64, 71, 83–84; and the apple, 48–69, 248–49, 271, 272, 276; his apple tree, 65–69; birthday, 47–48; on conjectures, v, 55–56; describing himself, 58, 274–75; and German physics, 240; on God, 48, 55, 58, 274; on gravity, 49–57, 130–31, 140, 141, 191, 248, 274; on light, 153, 179, 191; mentioned, xi, 247, 250, 271; and Milton, 52, 58–59; and phrenology, 62–63; on Pythagoras, 55–57; sins of, 48–49; on time, 175, 299–300
Newton, John, 65
Noah, 76
Nobel Prize, 87, 157, 163, 193, 204, 281
Nollet, Jean, 123, 288
Ohanian, Hans C., 211, 213
Olympia Academy, 197, 226
Overbye, Dennis, 197, 208, 211
Ovid, 42, 71–72, 85, 102, 120
Owen, Richard, 101, 108–9
Paley, William, 101
pantheism, 1
66, 168, 171
Paracelsus, Theophrastus, 74, 85
parallax, 14, 24–26, 46, 260, 270
Pascal, Blaise, 22
Pearson, Karl, 233, 299
Pemberton, Henry, 53, 54, 62, 64
Perrin, Jean, 150, 155, 161
Philolaus, 19, 261
Philosophers' Stone, 70, 73–74, 76–78, 82–85, 93, 277
phrenology, 62–63, 101–2
Piaget, Jean, 220–21
Piela, Lucjan, 215
Pinker, Steven, 208, 211, 214
Planck, Max, 149, 158–59
Plato, 19, 28, 37, 56, 70, 274; on eugenics, 241
Pliny the Elder, 15–16, 72, 261, 262, 264, 268, 277
“plum-pudding,” atom, 148–49, 163, 291; physics, 291
Plutarch, 19, 41, 74, 202, 261, 263, 264, 268, 277
Pluto, god of the underworld, 42, 79, 266
Poincaré, Henri, 173, 179, 183, 218, 227, 299
Pope, Gregory XIII, 24; John Paul II, 269–70; Leo X, 19, 42; Paul III, 22; Urban VIII, 39
Popper, Karl, xvi
Popović, Milan, 203–4, 304
Porphyry, 42, 266, 267
Power, Henry, 279
Principe, Lawrence, 80–83, 280
Priestley, Joseph, 57, 123–24, 126, 158, 289, 290
Proclus, 28, 57, 263, 273
Prometheus, 120, 123
psychology, xiv, 208, 219, 220–27, 235, 301
Ptolemy, 16–21, 24–26, 31–34, 41, 45–46, 206
Punnett, Reginald, 238
Pythagoras, and alchemy, 70–75, 85, 93, 278, 280; as an astronomer, 15–16, 29, 33, 41, 261; and beans, 244; as a demigod, 40, 42, 72–73, 267; on the distance to the sun, 15, 261; on divination, 268; on Earth at the center, 261; and Earth's motion, 13, 31, 35–36, 40–41, 265, 269; and epicycles, 41; and Egypt, 71, 73–75, 103, 278; and eugenics, 229–30, 241; and Freemasonry, 125, 289; and Galileo, 31, 44, 269; on geology, 102–3, 284; and gravity, 55–57, 273–74; and gods, 40–42, 72–73, 82, 230, 267, 273, 280; and hell, 41–42, 73, 266, 269; and Jesus Christ, 40–41, 266, 267; and Kepler, 29, 73, 278; and lightning, 120; and magic, 41, 72, 268; as a mathematician, xiv, 40, 43, 75, 125, 289; mentioned, xii–xiv, 25, 65, 196, 202–3, 247; and Milton, 52; on the Milky Way, 266; on music and planets, 15, 29, 52, 55–57; as a necromancer, 42; Newton on, 55; and number mysticism, 42; Ovid on, 72, 74, 85, 102, 120; as patron saint of conjectures, xiv; and the Philosophers' Stone, 73–76, 85, 278, 280; on plants, 72, 277; and relativity, 218; as a religious leader, 40; on the regular solids, 28; and time, 173; and the transmigration of souls, 29, 40–42, 72–73, 266; on Venus, 33, 264
Science Secrets Page 37