That Dark and Bloody River

by Allan Eckert

  MLJM Martin

  MVHAP Mississippi

  NAP Spencer

  NC Graham

  NESN Burnet

  DD-NN- Pittsburgh

  DD-U- Frontier

  DD-ZZ- Virginia

  DJOKN Ballard

  DTEG Croneis

  EAI Axtell

  EWPP Ferguson

  FAUO Kellogg

  FMTC Fraser

  FWG Griswold

  GCWD Wainwright

  GGU Gilbert

  GLIAP Great

  GW Brooks

  HA Hodge

  HARPAP Harmar

  HC Andreas

  HD Crew

  HG Butterfield

  HH Howe

  HIIL Blanchard

  HISTA Heckewelder

  HIWW De Hass

  HMUB Hoskiel

  HOFCO Ellis

  HOMAS Bradford

  HPA Gordon

  HWCP Forrest

  HWYCO History

  IHC Black

  IMH Indiana

  INT Intelligencer

  IPIUS Prucha

  IWPA Sipe

  JJS Cook

  JNYPC New York

  JPP Potts

  JVES Rose

  KY Kentucky

  LCB Brock

  LM Quaife

  LOJB Stone

  LSD Parkman

  LTSWJ Stone

  MARJ Maryland

  MB Flexner

  MGZ Maryland

  MLFL LeSieur

  MOLI Monthly

  MVHR Mississippi

  NAR/1832 National

  NCHA Winsor

  NEV Tyler

  NEWFAM Newland

  NJT Schoolcraft

  NWR Niles

  OAHP Ohio

  OHMAG Ohio

  OMOO Metcalf

  OTHW Clarke

  PAPS American

  PECOR Pennsylvania

  PEN Pennsylvania

  PFB Lossing

  PGNT Connelly

  PMHB Pennsylvania

  PITTC Pittsburgh

  PPOWC Baughman

  PWIW Sword

  RESWV Cox

  RRR Cuneo

  SAGAZ Salem

  SCP Smith

  SHAWN Howard

  SIW Scamyhorn

  SWA McClung

  TAP Hale

  TF Eckert

  THOK Smith

  TISHS Illinois

  TPP Clifton

  TRF Sosin

  TSR Prucha

  USGB Burt

  VERHC Vermont

  VOLF Vail

  WB Kinzie

  WE Eckert

  WHIR Heard

  WOD Quaife

  WHM Wisconsin

  WS Western

  WYCOR Wyandot

  NFT Stevens

  NNAIC Vaughan

  NYGZ New York

  OAHQ Ohio

  OHQ/70 Ohio

  OOTW Thornbrough

  P Peckham

  PB McBride

  PEJO Pennsylvania

  PENRIF Dyke

  PG Pennsylvania

  PHD Philadelphia

  PIAFS Paull

  PKDS Mastin

  PSATC Philadelphia

  PWW Ellet

  REVAM Gephart

  RTV Slotkin

  SAT Drimmer

  SETWC Doddridge

  SHAWT Trobridge

  SK Kenton

  T Eggleston

  TC Eckert

  TFT Phillips

  TIAC Gordon

  TITC Levernier

  TPUS Carter

  TRIB McKenney

  TSST Gibson

  USWC Gottfried

  VMHB Virginia

  VSP Virginia

  WBD Neilson

  WGW Fitzpatrick

  WICOR Butterfield

  WOTR Ward

  WOON Swiggett

  WVHE Cornstock

  NI National

  NOS Doddridge

  OAHJ Ohio

  OC Galloway

  OLDWE Hassler

  OSO Thwaites

  PAC-IA Canada

  PECH Trager

  PELG Pennsylvania

  PENSA Pennsylvania

  PGA Philadelphia

  PHIL Reynolds

  PIOH Hildreth

  PPAC Pennsylvania

  PSWJ Flick

  REREM Dann

  RIB Labaree

  SAF Hagan

  SCIG Scioto

  SFOS Sherrard

  SI Cotterill

  SOTL McKenney

  TAC Henry

  TCHSJ Doyle

  TGP Gage

  TISAR Barnet

  TP Edmunds

  TQIL Edmunds

  TRINC Turner

  UAMS Uniontown

  VAHM Virginia

  VOD Andrews

  WAYDEM Wayne

  WCL Butterfield

  WHC Wisconsin

  WO Washington

  WPHM Western

  WRMM Western

  WWWAR Kail

  Bibliography

  NOTE: Bold letters in parentheses following each entry represent the source code, which can be found in the listing on this page.

  Adams, R. G., ed. The Journal of Major George Washington. N.Y., 1940. (JW)

  Albach, James R. Annals of the West. Pittsburgh, 1857. (ANNW)

  Alford, Thomas Wildcat. Civilization and the Story of the Absentee Shawnees. As told to Florence Drake. Norman, Okla., 1936. (CIV)

  ————, and Clarence Edwin Carter, eds. Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. Springfield. (CISH)

  American Heritage Magazine. N.Y. (AMERH)

  American Literature. N.Y. (AMERL)

  American Philosophical Society Proceedings. N.Y., 1940. (PAPS)

  American Pioneer. N.Y. (AMP)

  American State Papers:

  Indian Affairs. 2 vols. Washington, 1832–34. (ASPI)

  Land Claims. Washington, 1836. (ASPL)

  Public Lands. 2 vols. Washington, 1832–61. (ASPPL)

  Andreas, Alfred Theodore. History of Chicago, from the Earliest to the Present Time. 3 vols. N.Y., 1975. (HC)

  Andrews, Matthew Page. Virginia: The Old Dominion. N.Y., 1937. (VOD)

  Annals of Congress, 1st through 15th Congress. Washington. (ANOC)

  Anson, Bert. The Miami Indians. Norman, Okla., 1970. (MIND)

  Atlas of Wyandot County. Philadelphia, 1879. (AWYCO)

  Atwater, Caleb. A History of the State of Ohio, Natural and Civil. Cincinnati, 1838. (AHSO)

  Axtell, James. The European and the Indian. N.Y., 1981. (EAI)

  Baily, Francis. Journal of a Tour in the Unsettled Parts of North America in 1796 and 1797. London, 1856. (JTUP)

  Ballard, F. M. “Dr. John Knight.” Typescript of 1916 in Filson Club Library, Louisville, Ky. (DJOKN)

  Barnett, Louise K. The Ignoble Savage: American Racism, 1790–1890. Westport, Conn., 1975. (TISAR)

  Barnhart, John D. Henry Hamilton and George Rogers Clark in the American Revolution. Crawfordsville, Ind., 1951. (HHGC)

  Bartlett, J. R. “The Four Kings of Canada.” Magazine of American History, March 1878. (MAH)

  Baughman, A. J. History of Richland County, Ohio. Chicago, 1908. (HISRC)

  ————. Past and Present of Wyandot County, Ohio. Chicago, 1913. (PPOWC)

  Beard, Charles A., and Mary R. Beard. Basic History of the United States. N.Y., 1944. (BHUS)

  Beckner, Lucien. “John Findley: The First Pathfinder of Kentucky.” (FCHQ-43)

  Beckwith, Hiram W., ed. Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library. Springfield, 1903. (CISHS)

  ————. The Illinois and Indiana Indians. Fergus Historical Series. No. 27, Chicago, 1884. (III)

  Berton, Pierre. Flames Across the Border: 1813–1814. Toronto, 1981. (FLAB)

  ————. The Invasion of Canada: 1812–1813. Boston, 1980. (IC)

  Black Hawk War Papers. Part of the Illinois Historical Collections. Springfield. (IHC)

  Blanchard, Rufus. T
he Discovery and Conquests of the Northwest, including the Early History of Chicago, Detroit, Vincennes, St. Louis, Prairie Du Chien, Marietta, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Etc., Etc., and Incidents of Pioneer Life in the Region of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley. Chicago, 1880. (DCN)

  ————. History of Illinois. Chicago, 1883. (HIIL)

  Bliss, E. F., ed. Diary of David Zeisberger, a Moravian Missionary among the Indians of Ohio … Cincinnati, 1886. (DZMM)

  Boone Papers. Part of the Draper Manuscript Collection in the archives of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 33 vols. Madison. (DD-C)

  Boston Gazette. Boston, Mass. (BOSG)

  Bouquet, Henry. Colonel Henry Bouquet Papers. Public Archives of Canada, Series A, IV. Ottawa, published in conjunction with the Gladwin Manuscripts, William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor. Lansing, Mich., 1897. (GMBP)

  Bowen, B. F. Biographical Memoirs of Wyandot County, Ohio. Logansport, Ind., 1902. (BMWCO)

  Brackenridge, H. H. Indian Atrocities: Narratives of the Perils and Sufferings of Dr. Knight and John Slover, Among the Indians During the Revolutionary War … Cincinnati, 1867. (INDAT)

  Bradford, Alden. History of Massachusetts. 2 vols. Boston. (HOMAS)

  Brady and Wetzel Papers. 16 vols. Part of the Draper Manuscript Collection in the archives of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Madison. (DD-E)

  Brant Miscellanies. Part of the Draper Manuscript Collection in the archives of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 3 vols. Madison. (DD-G)

  Brant Papers. Part of the Draper Manuscript Collection in the archives of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 22 vols. Madison. (DD-F)

  Brice, Wallace. History of Fort Wayne, from the Earliest Known Accounts of this Point, to the Present Period. Fort Wayne, Ind., 1868. (HOFW)

  Brock, James. Life and Correspondence of Major General Sir Isaac Brock. London, 1847. (LCB)

  Brooks, Edward Howard. George Washington and the Fort Necessity Campaign, 1754. Unpublished M.A. thesis in the Stanford Univ. Library Collection. 1947. (GW)

  Bucyrus Telegraph-Forum. Bucyrus, O. (BTFO)

  Burnet, Jacob. Notes on the Early Settlement of the Northwestern Territory. Cincinnati, 1847. (NESN)

  Burt, Alfred L. United States, Great Britain and British North America. N.Y., 1961 (USGB)

  Butterfield, Consul Willshire. A Short Biography of John Leeth. Cincinnati, 1883. (ASBJL)

  ————. An Historical Account of the Expedition Against Sandusky Under William Crawford in 1782; with Biographical Sketches, Personal Reminiscences and Descriptions of Interesting Localities, including, also, Details of the Disastrous Retreat, the Barbarities of the Savages and the Awful Death of Colonel Crawford by Torture. Cincinnati, 1873. (EOWC)

  ————. Brief Autobiography. Unpublished Mss., 1896. MSS. v.f./B, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland. (BUTBA)

  ————. Butterfield Scrapbooks, unpublished. Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland. (BUTS)

  ————. Genealogical Notes. Unpublished Mss. Vol. 272. Ohio Historical Society, Columbus. (GENNO)

  ————. History of the Girtys: Being a Concise Account of the Girty Brothers, Thomas,

  Simon, James and George, and of their Half-Brother, John Turner; also of the Part Taken by Them in Lord Dunmore’s War, the Western War of the Revolution, and in the Indian War of 1790–95, with a Recital of the Principal Events in the West During these Wars, Drawn from Authentic Sources, Largely Original. Columbus, 1950. (HG)

  ————. Unpublished Mss. Volume 55. Container 2, Folder 4, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland. (BUTM5)

  ————. Unpublished Mss. Volume 271. Ohio Historical Center, Columbus. (BUTM2)

  ————, ed. The Washington-Crawford Letters. N.p., n.d. (WCL)

  ————. Washington-Irvine Correspondence. Madison, Wis., 1882. (WICOR)

  Caldwell, J. A. History of Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio. Wheeling, W.Va., 1880. (HBJCO)

  Campbell, William W. Annals of Tryon County: or, The Border Warfare of New York During the Revolution. N.Y., 1831. (ATC)

  Canada Papers Public Archives of Canada. Dominion Files. Ottawa. (PAC) Indian Affairs. Vol. II. RG/10 (PAC-IA)

  Carter, Clarence Edwin. Great Britain and the Illinois Country, 1763–1774. Washington, 1910. (GBIC)

  ————, ed. The Territorial Papers of the United States. 26 vols. Washington, 1934–1962. (TPUS)

  Chicago Historical Society Collections. Chicago. (CHSC)

  Chicago Times. Chicago. (CTM)

  Chicago Tribune. Chicago. (CTB)

  Cincinnati Advertiser (also called Cist’s Advertiser). Cincinnati. (CINA)

  Cincinnati Chronicle. Cincinnati. (CINC)

  Cist Miscellany. Miscellany, I. Cincinnati. (CISM)

  Claiborne, J. F. Historical Miscellanies. N.Y., 1854. (HIMI)

  Clarke, Peter Dooyentate. History of the Wyandottes. N.Y., 1917. (HWY)

  ————. Origin and Traditional History of the Wyandot. Toronto, 1870. (OTHW)

  ————. The Prairie People: Continuity and Change in Potawatomi Indian Culture, 1665–1965. Lawrence, Kan., 1977. (TPP)

  Colden, Cadwallader. The History of the Five Nations Depending on the Province of New York in America. Ithaca, N.Y., 1964. (HFN)

  Collins, Lewis and Richard Collins. History of Kentucky. 2 vols. Louisville, Ky., 1874. (HOK)

  Columbus Centinel. Columbus. (COLC)

  Comstock, Jim. The West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. Richwood, W.Va., 1976. (WVHE)

  Connelley, William Elcey, ed. Provisional Government of Nebraska Territory and the Journals of William Walker. Lincoln, 1899. (PGNT)

  Cook, Frederick. Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779; with Records of Centennial Celebrations. Auburn, N.Y., 1887 (JJS)

  Cooprider, Cora Bell Harbaugh. Harbaugh History. Evansville, Ind., 1947. (HARHIS)

  Cotterill, R. S. The Southern Indians: The Story of the Civilized Tribes before Removal. Part of The Civilization of the American Indian Series. Norman, Okla., 1954. (SI)

  Coues, Elliott, ed. The Expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to the Headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain in the Years 1805–’ 6–’7. 3 vols. Minneapolis, 1965. (EZP)

  Cox, Sandford C. Recollections of the Early Settlement of the Wabash Valley. Reprint ed. Freeport, N.Y., 1970. (RESWV)

  Crew, Harvey W. History of Dayton. Dayton, O., 1889. (HD)

  Croneis, Jim. “Down to Earth” column; “A Short History of the Indians of Crawford and Wyandot Conties,” series of 25 parts in Bucyrus Telegraph-Forum, Sep. 11, 1992-Feb. 26, 1993. Bucyrus, O. (DTEI)

  ————. “Down to Earth” column; “Simon Girty: The Anomaly of the Old Northwest,” series of 18 parts in Bucyrus Telegraph-Forum, March 5-July 2, 1993. Bucyrus, O. (DTEG)

  Cruikshank, Ernest A., ed. The Correspondence of Lt. Gov. John Graves Simcoe. 5 vols., Toronto, 1923–31. (CJGS)

  Crumrine, Boyd. History of Washington County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1882. (HISWCO)

  Cuneo, John R. Robert Rogers of the Rangers. N.Y., 1959. (RRR)

  Dann, John C. The Revolution Remembered: Eyewitness Accounts of the War for Independence. Chicago, 1980. (REREM)

  Darlington, Mary C. Fort Pitt and Letters From the Frontier. Pittsburgh, 1892. (FPLFF)

  Darlington, W. M. Christopher Gist’s Journals. Pittsburgh, 1893. (CG)

  Dawson, Moses. A Historical Narrative of the Civil and Military Services of Major General William Henry Harrison and a Vindication of His Character and Conduct as a Statesman, a Citizen, and a Soldier. Cincinnati, 1824. (GWHH)

  Day, Sherman. Historical Collections of the State of Pennsylvania. Port Washington, N.Y., 1843. (DPEN)

  De Hass, Wills. History of the Early Settlement and Indian Wars of Western Virginia. Wheeling, 1850. (HIWW)

  De Schweinitz, Edmund A. Life and Times of David Zeisbe
rger, the Western Pioneer and Apostle of the Indians. N.Y., 1870. (LTDZ)

  Dillon, John B. A History of Indiana from its Earliest Exploration to the Close of the Territorial Government in 1816 … and a General View of the Progress of Public Affairs in Indiana from 1816 to 1856. Indianapolis, 1859. (AHI)

  Doddridge, Joseph. Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of the Western Parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania from the Year 1763 until the Year 1783, inclusive, Together with a View of the State of Society and Manners of the First Settlers of the Western Country. Wellsburg, (West) Va., 1824. (NOS)

  ————. Settlement of Western Country. Bowling Green, O., 1923. (SETWC)

  Downes, Randolph C. Council Fires on the Upper Ohio. Pittsburgh, 1940. (CFUO)

  Doyle, Joseph B. Twentieth Century History of Steubenville and Jefferson County, Ohio. Chicago, 1910. (TCHSJ)

  Drake, Benjamin. Life of Tecumseh, and His Brother, the Prophet; with a Historical Sketch of the Shawanoe Indians. Cincinnati, 1841. (LT)

  Drake, Daniel. Book of the Indians. Cincinnati, 1840. (BOI)

  ————. Indian Life and Times of Tecumseh. Cincinnati, 1842. (LATT)

  Drake Papers. Part of the Draper Manuscript Collection in the archives of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 2 vols. Madison. (DD-O)

  Draper, Lyman Copeland. Draper Notes: Notes of Border History taken on a Trip to the Western Part of Pennsylvania and the Adjoining Parts of New York and Ohio from January 30th to March 9th, 1850, Relating to the Lives and Adventures of Western Pioneers and the History of Warfare of the Six Nations. Mss. narrative commencing on DD-S-4/11. (DD-S)

  Drimmer, Frederick. Scalps and Tomahawks. N.Y., 1957. (SAT)

  Driver, Harold E. Indians of North America. Chicago, 1961. (IONA)

  Dyke, Samuel E. The Pennsylvania Rifle. Lancaster, Pa., 1974. (PENRIF)

  Eckert, Allan W. A Sorrow in Our Heart: The Life of Tecumseh. N.Y., 1992. (ASIOH)

  ————. The Conquerors. Boston, 1970. (TC)

  ————. The Court-Martial of Daniel Boone. Boston, 1973. (CDB)

  ————. The Frontiersmen. Boston, 1967. (TF)

  ————. Gateway to Empire. Boston, 1983. (GTE)

  ————. Wilderness Empire. Boston, 1969. (WE)

  Edmunds, R. David. The Potawatomis: Keepers of the Fire. Norman, Okla., 1980. (TP)

  ————. Tecumseh and the Quest for Indian Leadership. Boston, 1984. (TQIL)

  ————. “Wea Participation in the Northwest Indian Wars, 1790–1795.” Filson Club

  Historical Quarterly, vol. 46. (FCHQ-46)

  Eggleston, Elizabeth E. Tecumseh and the Shawnee Prophet. N.Y., 1878. (T)

  Ellet, Elizabeth E. Pioneer Women of the West. N.Y., 1852. (PWW)

  Ellis, Franklin. History of Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1882. (HOFCO)