Perkin

by Ann Wroe

  Wedding expenses: TA, pp. 263–4. The ceremony: The Sarum Missal, edited from three early Manuscripts, by J. Wickham Legg (Oxford, 1916), pp. 413–18. ‘knit together fleshly’: Vices & Virtues, p. 245.

  The foundation of love: Secreta, p. 191. Giving the pax: Huizinga, Middle Ages, p. 120.

  Privileges of a duchess: The Book of Precedence, ed. F. J. Furnivall, EETS Extra Series viii (1869), pp. 13, 26.

  ‘obfusked, endulled . . .’: Caxton, Eneydos, p. 41.

  Villon’s delusions: ‘Le Testament’, lxviii.

  Roses on nettles: Davies, Medieval Lyrics, no. 125.

  The baron’s daughter: Ibid, no. 175. Fabyan on the marriage: GC, p. 262.

  Love-blindness: Secreta, pp. 192–3.

  He had been prevented: He dated this, in Oct. 1497, as ‘for quite two years’: CSPM, p. 329.

  Wedding jousts: TA, p. 263. James’s sore hand: Ibid., p. 257.

  Invitations to fight: Pittscotie, Historie, pp. 231–2. Breaking spears against him: SRO E 21/3, f. 81r.

  Ayala on James’s daring: PI, vol. 5, pp. 259–60.

  The Wild Knight: Taylor, James IV, p. 197.

  Weapons-showings: TA, p. 267. Spear-silver: Ibid., pp. 312, 324. Muster at Lauder: Ibid., p. 269.

  Harry the Scot: EH, p. 108.

  Ramsay on James: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, pp. 24, 29.

  Monypeny in Scotland: Ibid., pp. 27–8.

  the Scots abandoning their ‘arrangement’: CSPM, p. 305.

  Urswick to Contarini: CSPV, p. 241.

  ‘in dread’ of being expelled: Ibid., p. 245.

  Ross’s crossbow: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, pp. 23–4. White Rose letters on Ross’s account: Halyburton’s Ledger, pp. 153, 215.

  ‘perfect safety from York’: PI, vol. 4, p. 608 (CSPS, p. 116).

  ‘no daughter’: PI, vol. 4, p. 536 (CSPS, p. 97).

  James intercepting: PI, vol. 4, p. 535. The garden incident: Ibid., p. 521 (CSPS, p. 91).

  Jousts of1494: LC, p. 202; L&P, vol. 1, p. 399.

  Anthony Woodville and the Bastard of Burgundy: EH, pp. 177–93. The tournament: Chronicles of the White Rose, p. 19 n.

  Gentlemen of Hainault: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 4, p. 6. Duke of Saxony: Ibid., p. 10.

  Henry’s war-gear: EH, p. 90.

  Sir John Paston: Paston Letters, vol. 5, no. 861.

  War books, and Arthur’s training: Ian Arthurson, ‘The King’s Voyage into Scotland: The War that Never Was’, in England in the Fifteenth Century (see Notes, p. 496), p. 2.

  Archers in Tournai: La Grange, ‘Extraits’ (see Notes, p. 479), p. 249.

  At the Portuguese court: Sanceau, Perfect Prince, pp. 277, 336.

  The beautiful giantess: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 19–24.

  Laurence the armourer: TA, pp. 264, 269.

  Roderick de Lalaing: Commines, Mémoires, book 1, ch. ii. Golden Fleece jousts: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 4, pp. 160–1. On Philip’s payroll, ADN B2153, nos 70642, 70669; Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, vol. 11, part ii (1846), p. 712. Paid for by James, TA, pp. 274, 292–3. His ship: TA, p. 274.

  ‘ye best day-work’: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 24.

  Aberdeen excused: Extracts from the Council Register (see Notes, p. 507), p. 57.

  Buchanans pardoned: Privy Seal (see Notes, p. 507), no. 202.

  not ‘a maravedi’: PI, vol. 5, p. 262.

  War preparations: TA, esp. pp. 280–98. Margaret’s contribution: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 30.

  Ramsay on the guns: Ibid., p. 31. Ayala: PI, vol. 5, p. 264 (CSPS, p. 210). Hans and Henric: TA, pp. 236, 284, 289, 300, etc.

  Mons: Ibid., pp. 347–9, 351, 359.

  Richard’s banner: Ibid., pp. 293, 294. Symbolism of the colours: Christine de Pisan, Fayttes of Armes, pp. 289–90.

  Ayala on tents: PI, vol. 5, p. 264 (CSPS, p. 174).

  Pavilion expenses: TA, esp. pp. 283, 285. The ousting closet: Ibid., p. 294. Drinksilver: Ibid., p. 288.

  Henry’s tents: PRO E 404/80/444; E 404/81/4; E 405/79, mem. 35v.

  Charles the Bold’s: Commines, Mémoires, book 5, ch. ii.

  Sir Gawain/ Lady Ettard: Morte Darthur, p. 78.

  Henry’s double victory: See Peter Carmeliano, BL MS Add 33736, ff. 1–3; Johannes Opicius, BL Cotton MS Vespasian B iv, f. 3.

  ‘inconvenience of the season’: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 26; Ramsay watching, Ibid., p. 23. Buchan: Conway, Relations, p. 27.

  The velvet cloak: TA, pp. 260–1.

  Holyrood full of guns: TA, pp. 282, 289, 295–6. Masses and offerings: Ibid., p. 296.

  Richard’s boasts: AH, pp. 87, 105; CSPV, p. 232; CSPM, p. 308.

  James’s present: TA, p. 297.

  Neville’s wavering: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 277–8; Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 28.

  The man from Carlisle: Ibid., pp. 23–4.

  Berwick negotiations: Ibid., p. 26. Berwick full of guns: PRO E 404/82.

  Proclamation: See Notes, p. 485. His improved monogram: Plate 7 (BL MS Harleian 283, f. 124v).

  Henry Tudor’s proclamation: Rosemary Horrox, ‘Henry Tudor’s Letters to England during Richard III’s Reign’, The Ricardian, vol. vi, no. 80 (March 1983), p. 156.

  The campaign: TA, pp. 296–300, passim; AH, pp. 87–9.

  Vergil’s ‘rugged men’: AH, p. 25. Mercenaries: Christine de Pisan, Fayttes of Armes, pp. 26, 50; Molinet, Chroniques, esp. vol. 4, ch. ccxliii passim, cclix, ccxli.

  Northumberland men gathering: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 24. Robinson to the border: TA, p. 281.

  Wool exempted: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 269.

  The king’s almoner: TA, p. 199; Taylor, James IV, p. 138.

  Henry’s alms: EH, pp. 94, 99 and passim. New bread, rosewater: PRO E 101/414/6, ff. 5r, 6r. Crops and reaping: EH, pp. 91, 92.

  Richard’s protest: AH, pp. 88 and n., 89; Buchanan, Rerum Scotiarum, f. 147r.

  Covering up his departure: TA., pp. 299 n., 300. Such an adjustment is almost unique in the Scottish accounts.

  Henry on the raid: Tudor Royal Proclamations (see Notes, p. 500), p. 38; Rymer, Foedera, vol. 12, p. 647.

  The solitary complaint: ADC, vol. 2, p. 116.

  Bleedings: Kalendar of Shepherds, pp. 105–7, 161; Secreta, pp. 243–4; Tretyse of Love (see Notes, p. 478), p. 54.

  James letting blood: TA, p. 176.

  The girl trembling: Caxton, Dialogues (see Notes, p. 493), p. 35.

  Duke of Berry: Commines, Mémoires, book 1, ch. v and vi.

  ‘That glorious sighing’: Hall, Chronicle, p. 476. Buchanan said he went to James with his expression ‘adjusted to compassion’: Rerum Scotiarum, f. 147r.

  remember whose son he was: Vices & Virtues (see Notes, p. 477), p. 99.

  Edward IV and artillery: CSPM, p. 194. ‘Edward and Richard Bombardel’: Chronicles of the White Rose, p. lxxxviii. His courage: Ibid., p. 65; Commines, Mémoires, book 6, ch. i.

  The litter of war: TA, p. 302.

  ‘the man’s foolish impudence’: AH, p. 89.

  Payments for ‘their master’: TA, pp. 335, 340.

  ‘York’ in the margin: SRO E 21/4, ff. 62v, 67v, 70r.

  ‘didn’t stop running’: PI, vol. 5, pp. 171–2 (CSPS, p. 140).

  Henry’s war money: Arthurson, ‘King’s Voyage’, p. 11 and n.

  Supporters leaving: TA, pp. 301, 303.

  Children: HRHS, p. 70; CSPV, p. 264 (Sanuto, Diarii, vol. 1, col. 806).

  The one-year-old son: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 2, part i (Maximilian, 1496–1498), no. 5512; Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana (Venice) MSS Lat. XIV/99 (4278), f. 117r.

  Payment when he came home: TA, p. 300. Edward IV gave a present of a silver cup on the birth of the first child of his favourite Medici creditor: Scofield, Edward IV, vol. 2, p. 425.

  Edward kissing his babies: Political Poems and Songs relating to English History, composed during the period from the Accession of Edward III to that of Richard III, ed. Thomas Wright (Rolls Series 14, 1861), vol. 2, p. 274.

  Jame
s cashing his chains: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 29; TA, p. 314. The 54 links, coined into unicorns, produced £571 Scots.

  Richard at Falkland: Exchequer Rolls, pp. 39, 40, 45.

  Forman with the king: TA, p. 324.

  James passing by: Ibid., pp. 331–3.

  The palace: Helen Douglas-Irvine, ed. R. S. Rait, Royal Palaces of Scotland (1911), pp. 218–31.

  ‘try to stop the old duchess’: PI, vol. 4, p. 523 (CSPS, pp. 92–3).

  Margaret raising money: Philpot, Maximilian, p. 168; Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part ii, no. 3589.

  The reception scene: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 30.

  Leaving her to carry on: Philpot, Maximilian, p. 169.

  Writing to her: Arthurson, ‘Espionage’ (see Notes, p. 499), p. 147; Dixon, TA, p. cxxxviii; Halyburton’s Ledger, pp. lix, 153, 215.

  ‘Richard’s room’: AN CC 8857, f. 39v. The two mentions of this room are the only occurrence of the name ‘Richard’ in the Binche accounts.

  Margaret and Rome: Walter Cahn, ‘Margaret of York’s Guide to the Pilgrimage Churches of Rome’, in Kren, Margaret of York, Simon Marmion . . . (see Notes, p. 491), pp. 89–98.

  Egremont’s negotiations: CSPV, pp. 225–8.

  Maximilian’s pension scheme: HHSA Maximiliana 5 f 20v.

  Maximilian to Contarini: CSPV, p. 232; Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 2, part i, no. 3782.

  Urswick’s mission: CSPV, pp. 237–44, passim. York’s supporters: PI, vol. 4, p. 596 (CSPS, p. 110).

  ‘his feelings for Richard’: John S. C. Bridge, A History of France from the Death of Louis XI, vol. 2, Charles VIII (1924), p. 312. Sforza seeking information: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 2, part ii, no. 7605; CSPS, pp. 130–1.

  Ayala’s scheme: See p. 274.

  Monypeny’s offer: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, pp. 27–8. Henry’s attempt to stop him: PI, vol. 4, p. 598 (CSPS, p. 111). ‘12,000 francs a year’: CSPM, p. 329.

  Kildare’s rewards: EH, p. 109. His undertaking: Conway, Relations, App. xlii, pp. 230–1.

  Writing to Desmond: BL Cotton Titus Fxiii, f. 76v; BL MS Add. 11595, f. 4r, v (both references to a letter that is now lost); Ware, Antiquities, p. 31.

  Desmond’s pardons: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 423; Ibid., vol. 2, p. 27. His bond: Conway, Relations, p. 223. Shown to James: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 24.

  Letter to de la Forsa: See plate 11 and p. 131; BL MS Egerton 616/6.

  Getting James into the Holy League: PI, vol. 4, p. 416 (CSPS, p. 69).

  Ferdinand and Isabella/ Maximilian: PI, vol. 4, pp. 464, 479 (CSPS, pp. 73, 81 and n.).

  ‘mediating between Henry and York’: CSPM, p. 298.

  Getting hold of York: PI, vol. 4, p. 464 (CSPS, p. 73 n.).

  York ‘in Spain’: PI, vol. 4, p. 487. No news from Scotland: Ibid., p. 508. ‘until we see . . .’ Ibid., p. 538 (CSPS, p. 98). ‘The duke’: See esp. PI, vol. 4, pp. 538, 539, 610.

  De Puebla, June13th: PI, vol. 4, pp. 552–4 (CSPS, p. 103).

  ‘we shall not try’: PI, vol. 4, p. 522 (CSPS, pp. 91–2). In the draft, this sentence is crammed in as an afterthought down the margin of the page: AGS Patronato Real, leg. 52, f. 357v.

  Ayala/ de Puebla: See Garrett Mattingly, ‘The Reputation of Doctor de Puebla’, EHR lv (1940), esp. pp. 30–4. Ayala’s character: Ibid., p. 30; AH, p. 101.

  ‘so easily believing’: PI, vol. 5, p. 173 (CSPS, p. 141).

  Ayala/ York: Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, ff. 133b, 134; Busch, England under the Tudors (see Notes, p. 500), pp. 113–14.

  Some hope of getting the duke: PI, vol. 5, p. 148 (CSPS, p. 135). The ‘secret thing’: PI, vol. 5, p. 172.

  de la Forsa’s instructions: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 23–4, 48–51; Rymer, Foedera, vol. 12, pp. 193–9, 198, 200.

  ‘that boy’: CSPS, p. 109.

  De la Forsa/ Henry: PRO E 404/80/372; E 404/81/3, warrant of Dec. 9th 1491; E 404/80/441; E 405/78, mems 17r, 23r, v, 32r; E 36/130, f. 80v; Campbell, Materials, vol. 2, p. 563.

  Clifford’s registers: PRO E 36/8, passim. For war preparations, see also PRO E 405/79, mem. 22r et seq.; CPR HVII, vol. 2, pp. 90–3; Arthurson, ‘King’s Voyage’, esp. pp. 11–12 and Appendix.

  he could not deliver him to death: AH, p. 103. ‘Peter was not Richard’: Ibid.

  ‘the ears of the wolf’: PI, vol. 5, p. 304; CSPS, p. 190.

  Buying the Cuckoo: TA, pp. 301–2, 303; Privy Seal, no. 99.

  Cuckoo lore: Brant, Ship of Fools, esp. pp. 78, 157, 269; Vices & Virtues, p. 17.

  ‘set full poorly’: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 32.

  The farewell: AH, pp. 103–5 and n.; Buchanan, Rerum Scotiarum, f. 147v.

  Provisions: TA, pp. 343–5; Exchequer Rolls, no. 310.

  James at Kinghorn: TA, p. 344.

  Paying his pension early: Ibid., p. 342. Katherine’s clothes: Ibid., p. 343.

  Laurence left behind: Ibid., pp. 347, 360.

  James/ Foulcart: L&P, vol. 2, pp. 185–7.

  Barton ‘making war’: Chastelain, L’Imposture (see Notes, p. 495), p. 84 n.

  ‘To win his father’s crown’: Abell, Queill of Tyme (see Notes, p. 493), p. 111.

  Henry to Fox: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 104–11; PRO SP 58/1/22. New jewels: EH, pp. 112–13.

  James ‘less incommoded’: PI, vol. 5, p. 171.

  The rape of the rose garden: Jo. Orpicii Carmin. ad Henr. VII (The Dialogus), BL Cotton MS Vespasian B iv, f. 16r.

  6 King Perkin

  Fabyan on his followers: GC, p. 282.

  Henry’s enemies hiding: CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 179; Ibid., vol. 2, p. 159.

  Perkin/ Cacus: ‘Douze Triomphes’ in Gairdner, Memorials, pp. 320–1.

  Birthmarks and signs: Annals of Ulster (see Notes, p. 506), esp. pp. 335, 357, 359; New History of Ireland, vol. 2, p. 688; Ware, Antiquities, pp. 18, 24.

  Irish not making an army: AH, pp. 25, 85. Contamination: Ibid., p. 78.

  Spotted in the south: Pollard, Henry VII, vol. 1, p. 156. Three weeks at sea: Kildare’s voyage from England, in the late summer of the year before, took three weeks: Conway, Relations, App. xliii, p. 232.

  Cork’s welcome: Ware, Antiquities, p. 35.

  The general pardon: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 76.

  Kildare and the chiefs: Conway, Relations, pp. 94–7 and App. xliii, pp. 230–1, 233–5.

  ‘desolating’ the country: L&P, vol. 2, p. 67.

  Ormonde/ Butler: Ibid., pp. xli–xlii, 67; Conway, Relations, p. 111. ‘Piers the Red’: Annals of Ulster, p. 419.

  Famine: Annals of Ulster, p. 423; Ware, Antiquities, p. 24.

  Waterford/ Henry: Pollard, Henry VII, vol. 1, p. 156; Carew MS, vol. 632, f. 251r.

  Still in Scotland: CSPV, p. 260.

  Waterford losing him: Ryland, Waterford (see Notes, p. 505), p. 38.

  Henry to Talbot: Pollard, Henry VII, vol. 1, p. 163.

  Fled incognito: CSPV, p. 261.

  Spanish ships: Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, f. 134.

  The Cornish revolt: For its extent, see Ian Arthurson, ‘The Rising of 1497: A Revolt of the Peasantry?’, in Joel Rosenthal & Colin Richmond (eds), People, Politics and Community in the Later Middle Ages (Gloucester, 1987), pp. 1–18.

  ‘a principal person’: Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, f. 133b.

  ‘nursing’: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 78.

  Cornishmen asking him: Rot. Parl., vol. 6, pp. 544–5.

  Tresinny: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 168; PRO SC8/345 C2.

  Drama on the sea: PI, vol. 5, pp. 297–8 (CSPS, p. 186).

  Men with him: CSPM, pp. 325, 327; Rot. Parl., vol. 6, p. 545. His ships: Pollard, Henry VII, vol. 1, p. 163.

  Cornwall’s poverty: M. John Hatcher, Rural Economy and Society in the Duchy of Cornwall, 1300–1500 (Cambridge, 1970), esp. pp. 148–73; AH, p. 93; CSPV, no. 869.

  Fifty years later: Andrew Borde, The First Book of the Introduction of Knowledge (1542), ed F. J. Furnivall, EETS Extra Series 10 (1870), pp. 122–5.

  Londoners/ Cornishmen: LC, pp. 213–15.

  Speaking English
: Borde, First Book, p. 123.

  ‘so base a cabin’: Richard Carew, Survey of Cornwall, 1602 (Redruth, 2000), p. 24.

  Meriasek play: The Life of St Meriasek, Bishop and Confessor, ed. & tr. Whitley Stokes (1872), esp. ls 1040–4, 2300–8, 2372–4. Tintagel: Ibid., ls 2212–15.

  Relics of Lyonesse: Carew, Survey, p. 13.

  Arthur’s country: A. L. Rowse, Tudor Cornwall: Portrait of a Society (1941), p. 29; L. E. Elliott-Binns, Medieval Cornwall (1955), pp. 416–19.

  Henry’s men: See Rowse, Tudor Cornwall, chs v and vi passim.

  con boz de Rey: Fuensalida, Correspondencia (see Notes, p. 501), p. 149.

  The early campaign in the West Country: AH, pp. 104 n, 105–6; Davies Gilbert, TheParochial History of Cornwall (4 vols, 1838), vol. 2, pp. 187–9; CSPM (Fra Zoan’s report), pp. 325–7; ASM AD Cartella 567 (Sept. 30th).

  Penryn: Sanuto, Diarii, vol. 1, col. 187; CSPV, p. 264.

  St Buryan: Attreed, ‘New Source’ (see Notes, p. 505), p. 521.

  Katherine at the Mount: AH, p. 109; HRHS, p. 72; Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, f. 134. Exeter thought she was left there too: DRO ECR book 51, f. 328v. For the bad connotations of taking sanctuary, see More, Richard III, pp. 37–47.

  The Mount: Warkworth’s Chronicle, in Chronicles of the White Rose, p. 138; John Leland’s itinerary of 1538 in Gilbert, Parochial History, vol. 4, p. 287; William of Worcester’s visit, Ibid., App. vi, pp. 232–3.

  St Michael’s statue: J. R. Fletcher, A Short History of St Michael’s Mount (St Michael’s Mount, 1951), p. 53.

  St Ives: Attreed, ‘New Source’, p. 521; John Hobson Matthews, AHistory of the Parishes of St Ives, Lelant, Towednack and Zennor (1892), p. 47.

  St Petroc’s: ‘Receipts and Expenses in the Building of Bodmin Church, 1469–1472’, Camden Miscellany VII, New Series 14 (1875), pp. 1–49 (last article).

  Henry’s placards: Attreed, ‘New Source’, pp. 517, 521. Offences forgiven: Pollard, Henry VII, vol. 1, p. 169.

  ‘this prince of knaves’: HRHS, p. 71.

  A pardon: CSPM, p. 325.

  Payment to Digby: PRO E 405/79, mem. 43r.

  Henry mobilising: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, pp. 32–3; L&P, vol. 1, p. 112; Pollard, Henry VII, vol. 1, p. 163.

  Henry to the pope: CSPM, p. 327.

  Robinson to Scotland: TA, p. 360. Not returning: Ibid., p. 371.

  Henry’s distress: CSPS, p. 162 (Londoño and the Prior of Santa Cruz); Fuensalida, Correspondencia, pp. 148–9.