Sugar in the Blood
Page 39
15 “new temper and ideas”: Gaspar and Geggus 1997: 31.
16 “In few other societies can the ideals of liberty”: Gaspar and Geggus 1997: 3.
17 “Have they not hung men”: James 1980: 132.
18 “The white slaves in France”: Gaspar and Geggus 1997: 12.
19 “The God who creates the sun”: Boukman, quoted in James 1980: 87.
20 “in drinking, gaming and wenching”: Ragatz 1928: 22.
21 “the most simple forms of life”: Edward Long, quoted in Buckley 1997: 230.
22 “the only issue which seemed to have a unifying effect”: Watson 1998: 18.
23 “cultural action”: Edward Brathwaite, quoted in Buckley 1997: 236.
24 “When I first came into this Country”: Thomas Howard, quoted in Buckley 1997: 236.
CHAPTER 10
1 “to guard their daughters against dapper braids wearers”: Ragatz 1928: 97.
2 “stuffed to the gills with romantic nonsense”: Moreau de Saint-Méry, quoted in Girod 1959: 31.
3 “I went one day to a sale of Negroes”: Wyville 1975: 24.
4 “Instructions … offered to the Consideration of Proprietors”: Quoted in Beckles 1998: 15.
5 “You belong no massa”: Lewis 2005: 69.
6 “Your negroes are giving in to despair”: Desalles 1996: 15.
7 “the flower of all field battalions”: Walvin 1993: 94.
8 “It has often occurred to me that a gang of Negroes”: Walvin 1993: 94.
9 “as if they had never eaten before”: Nugent 1966: 57.
10 “I was one evening”: Wyville 1975: 26.
11 “Caribbean slavery was, by every measure”: Hochschild 2005: 65.
12 “If a stiller slips into a rum cistern”: Pitman 1926: 48.
13 “Managing a sugar estate”: Trevor Burnard, quoted in Walvin 2007: 126.
14 “submission to the state, in which”: Rolph 2009: 165.
15 “after the greatest Captain that the world could produce”: Lewis 2005: 123.
16 “The ceremony was performed with perfect gravity”: Lewis 2005: 124.
17 “the slaves would probably have been better off”: Kenneth Kiple, quoted in Handler and Jacoby 1993: 75.
18 “It was his constant practice”: Lewis 2005: 323.
19 “Two of our sergeants came and informed me”: Wyville 1975: 25.
20 “To be sold a mulatto man”: Wyville 1975: 24.
21 “nowhere does time pass more slowly”: Stuart 2004: 20.
22 “It is a sad society”: Stuart 2004: 56.
CHAPTER 11
1 “like a vessel traversing the ocean”: Lieutenant Howard, quoted in Hochschild 2005: 274.
2 “Black, white, brown, all de same!”: Gaspar and Geggus 1997: 14.
3 “attempts to get another Man into his Absolute Power”: John Locke, quoted in Ball 1999: 31.
4 “every year we had eight, ten, twelve, and fourteen pregnancies”: Desalles 1996: 71.
5 “Barbados contains fewer hiding places”: Handler 1997: 190.
6 “Lydia Ann, aged 13 or 14 was suspected to be harboured”: Handler 1997: 193.
7 “nobody had done anything”: This and the following quotes from Desalles 1996: 143.
8 “They are fully persuaded they will return to Guinea”: Senhouse 1988: 179.
9 “In his very first days on the island”: Walvin 2007: 113.
10 “Had him well flogged and pickled”: This and the following quotes from Hall 1989: 72.
11 “The whip is the soul of the colonies”: Victor Schoelcher, quoted in Vivre, survivre et être libre (Fort de France, Martinique), 22 May–22 July 1998: 33.
12 “I was broken in body soul and spirit”: Douglass 2003: 160.
13 “I lay down at night and rose up in the morning”: Prince 2004: 16.
14 “for over-indulgence to my own negroes!”: Lewis 2005: 236.
15 “conspicuously liberal”: This and the following quotes from Stephen 1824. 183 “I arrived in Martinique”: Governor Fenlon, quoted in Cohen 1980: 104.
CHAPTER 12
1 “The greatest drawback”: Lewis 2005: 150.
2 “Certainly, if a man was desirous of leading a life of vice here”: Lewis 2005: 150. 186 “Both blacks and whites knew each other well”: Watson 1998: 210.
3 “He who should presume”: Edward Long, quoted in Jordan 2003: 647.
4 “The slave girl is reared”: Jacobs 2000: 57.
5 “That which commands admiration”: This and the following quotes from Jacobs 2000: 30–31.
6 “Sable Venus”: This and the following quotes from Quintanilla 2003.
7 “I have observed many instances”: Waller 1820: 148.
8 “in a vulgar corrupt dialect”: Waller 1820: 120.
CHAPTER 13
1 “Genealogical trees do not flourish amongst slaves”: Douglass 2003: 30.
2 “For they carry burdens on their backs”: Ligon 1657: 69.
3 “The slave mother can be spared long enough”: Douglass 2003: 42.
4 “The practice of separating children from their mothers”: Douglass 2003: 32.
5 “Men do not love those who remind them of their sins”: Douglass 2003: 46.
6 “Interracial sex was said to be a violation”: Ball 2001: 25.
7 “the crowds of Mullatoes”: Schaw 1921: 112.
8 “The rage of a creole is most violent”: Wyville 1975: 26.
9 “Brothers and sisters we were by blood”: Douglass 2003: 39.
10 “There is not, beneath the sky”: Douglass 2003: 47.
11 “This was the happiest period”: Prince 2004: 7.
12 “born for another’s benefit”: Douglass 2003: 37.
13 “I was a slave—born a slave”: Douglass 2003: 37.
14 “What are [Bonaparte] and his ruffians”: James Stephen, quoted in Blackburn 1988: 313.
15 “In 1805 the slave population of the French-controlled Caribbean”: Blackburn 1988: 300.
16 “on principles contrary to justice”: Blackburn 1988: 311.
17 “Let all the Negroes have sufficient provisions”: Clarkson 1807.
CHAPTER 14
1 “be kept in the profoundest ignorance”: This and the following quote from Jemmott and Carter 1993: 36.
2 “Persons live and die in the midst of Negroes”: Clarke 2005: 229.
3 “They have no fellow feeling with the slaves”: Thome and Kimball, quoted in Cummerbatch 2008: 226.
4 “I could grow, though I could not become a man”: Douglass 2003: 224.
5 “a kind of right to be idle”: Watson 2000: 18.
6 “is impossible to generalize”: Orlando Patterson, quoted in Watson 2000: 7.
7 “I have often sung to drown my sorrow”: Douglass 2003: 76.
8 “They avail themselves of the passions and prejudices”: Clarke 2005: 154.
9 “Let him [the slave] be taught to revere God”: Peter Beckford, in Pitman 1926: 64.
10 “Jack, a light-skinned carpenter”: Handler 1997: 195.
11 “not to let a slave be corrected in his presence”: Pares 1960: 122.
12 “To make the negro think about all these ideas”: This and the following quotes from Desalles 1996: 126.
13 “something brewing up in their minds”: Beckles 1998: 10.
14 “I consider my property reduced”: Pares 1950: 121.
15 “Ideologically, the colony was in deepening crisis”: Beckles 1998: 12.
CHAPTER 15
1 “was remarkable for having yielded”: Beckles 1998: 17.
2 “severe disciplinarian”: Morris 2000: 3.
3 “[It] is those slaves”: John Vaughan, quoted in Beckles 1998: 21.
4 “insurrection was entirely owing to these hopes”: Beckles 1998: 23.
5 “It was about twelve o’clock”: Beckles 1998: 29.
6 “were quickly dispersed”: Beckles 1998: 29.
7 “Large quantities of canes”: Best, quoted in Beckles 1998: 32.
; 8 “The insurgents did not think”: Beckles 1998: 33.
9 “conflagrations had ceased”: Beckles 1998: 34.
10 “By these means the planters hoped”: Beckles 1998: 38.
11 “The disposition of the slaves in general”: Beckles 1998: 40.
12 “Murder was to have been”: Beckles 1998: 40.
CHAPTER 16
1 “there existed no plan”: Wilberforce, quoted in Blackburn 1988: 324.
2 The yearly returns: Colonial Slaves and Compensation Records, PRO T.71. 236 “A court martial to be held at Town Hall”: JBHMS 2: 117.
3 “fees for the relief”: B. Arch. Vestry minutes 1832.
4 “Ladies’ Associations … did everything”: Hochschild 2005: 327.
5 “By buying sugar we participate in the crime”: Heyrick, quoted in Abbott 2009: 251.
6 “Yes, and I shouldn’t much care if”: D’Egville Case, JBHMS 8: 125.
7 “Everywhere people are asking me about immediate abolition”: Clarkson, quoted in Hochschild 2005: 324.
8 “It is dreadful to think after my brother and his friends”: Clarkson’s deathbed speech, quoted in Hochschild 2005: 332.
9 “the sun took on a decidedly blue appearance”: Ludlum 1963: 140–42.
10 “the best and most economical means”: Vestry Records 22/8/1831.
11 “late awful hurricane”: Vestry Records 22/8/1831.
12 “the most intelligent and remarkable slave”: Henry Bleby, quoted in Hochschild 2005: 342–43.
13 “I know I shall die”: Hochschild 2005: 341.
14 “Generally four, seldom less than three”: Bleby, quoted in Hochschild 2005: 341–42.
15 “I would rather die upon yonder gallows”: Hochschild 2005: 343.
16 “Know all Men by these Presents, That I Robert Cooper Ashby”: BDA: Book of Powers Index; 1832 Manumission of Sukey Ann and others RB 7/26.
17 “I feel great sorrow when I hear some people”: Prince 2004: 26.
18 “As England is avowedly the author”: This and the following quotes from Beckles 1990: 127.
19 “We should like to know”: Editorial in The Barbadian, from Gopert and Handler 1974.
20 “800,000 human beings lay down last night as slaves”: William Hart Coleridge, Bishop of Barbados, quoted in Wilder 1994: 32.
CHAPTER 17
1 The baptism record: BDA: RL/17 and 18, Box no. 1157931.
2 “Many of our children who are now grown”: Newton 2008: 66.
3 “We were kindly invited”: This and the following quotes from Thome and Kimball 1838: 61–62.
4 “The monster is dead!”: William Knibb, quoted in Abbott 2009: 263.
5 “Died on 18 [of this month]”: The Barbadian newspaper, quoted in JBHMS 8: 164.
6 Robert Cooper Ashby’s last will and testament: B. Arch RB4/69:81 dated 4 November 1837, proved 30 October 1839.
7 “The first wish of my heart”: Jacob Hinds, quoted in Hughes 2006: 14.
8 “They all carried the badge of colour”: Morris 2008: 5.
9 “One of the most important legacies of the plantation culture”: Morris 2008: 2. 263 “the home class of ministers”: Ball 2001: 14.
CHAPTER 18
1 “We are sensitive in Barbados”: Barbados Weekly Herald, quoted in Watkins-Owens 1996: 21.
2 “Between 1900 and 1930 some 40,000 immigrants of African descent”: Watkins-Owens 1996: 1.
3 “a little fat, black man”: DuBois, quoted in Watkins-Owens 1996: 119.
4 “On coming to the United States the West Indian”: Eric Walrond, quoted in Philipson 2006: 4.
5 “Aframericans who, long deracinated, were still rootless among phantoms”: Claude Mckay, quoted in Philipson 2006: 8.
6 “little less than a corner of hell”: This and the next quote from the Rev. Charles Morris in Watkins-Owens 2001: 32.
CHAPTER 19
1 “She was good at it”: Interview with Barbara Stuart née Ashby, 2008.
2 “She was so glamorous”: Interview with Barbara Stuart née Ashby, 2008.
3 “Quite early, I felt my father’s vulnerability”: Interview with Barbara Stuart née Ashby, 2008.
4 “Do you know who that guy is?”: Interview with Trevor Ashby, 2005.
5 “It’s a great life”: Interview with Trevor Ashby, 2005.
CHAPTER 20
1 “for children of the better classes”: Stafford 2005: 272. 289 “The school intended to supply”: Stafford 2005: 120.
2 “a good knowledge of the Greek classics”: Stafford 2005: 256. 290 “Colonialism was not just an economic”: Carmichael 1996: 198. 290 “Turn sideways now and let them see”: H. A. Vaughan, quoted in Carmichael 1996: 248.
3 “Today I shudder to think how a country so foreign”: George Lamming, quoted in Carmichael 1996: 198.
4 “Garvey’s politics, more than any other single factor”: Beckles 1990: 223.
5 “restrain or subdue the rebels”: Beckles 1990: 238.
6 “open wounds of colonisation”: Beckles 1990: 245.
7 “to provide political expression”: Beckles 1990: 245.
8 “I suggest that the plantation system is basically the cause of our trouble”: Grantley Adams, quoted in Beckles 1990: 250.
9 only if he was white: Stafford 2005: 190.
10 “Throughout the history of this island”: This and the following extract from the Barbados Observer quoted in Beckles 1990: 254.
CHAPTER 21
1 “the road to destiny”: Hoyos 1978: 242.
2 “Others, notably the South Americans”: Hoyos 1978: 188.
3 “the colony owes much of its increasing prosperity”: The Colonial Secretary, quoted in Hoyos 1978: 188. 314 the Barbadian economic miracle: Blackman 1998: 61–68.
4 “as if they were bedbugs”: Quoted in Douglas Botting, Rio de Janeiro (Time-Life Books, 1997).
5 “the body of America”: Antonio Vieira quoted in an essay by John Geipel, “Brazil’s African Legacy,” History Today, 24 September 2012.
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