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Rebel Yell: The Violence, Passion, and Redemption of Stonewall Jackson

Page 88

by S. C. Gwynne


  desertions from, 409

  Garnett’s command of, 181, 183, 258, 259

  Harpers Ferry’s approach by, 303

  Jackson monument erected by, 568

  in Kernstown Battle, 219, 220, 222, 258

  last commanding officer of, 133

  in McDowell Battle, 255

  misbehavior in, 465

  naming of, 103

  Northern equivalent of, 427

  in Port Republic Battle, 323, 324

  in race to Strasburg, 307–8, 309, 310

  religious life of, 487, 515

  in Romney Expedition, 181, 184, 185, 194

  at Second Manassas Battle, 429, 438

  strength of, 177, 184, 279

  see also Army of the Valley

  “Stonewall Jackson’s Way,” 484–86

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 155

  Strasburg, Va.:

  Army of the Valley’s retreat to, 196, 200

  Army of the Valley’s return to, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311

  Frémont’s approach of, 306

  strategic importance of, 243

  Union army’s occupation of, 243, 269, 271, 273, 274, 282

  Strother, David Hunter, 200, 237, 275, 295

  Stuart, James Ewell Brown (Jeb), 43, 338, 410, 570

  in Antietam Battle, 466, 469, 471, 473

  in Army of the Potomac’s reconnaissance, 338, 352

  in Cedar Mountain Battle, 406

  at Chancellorsville Battle, 529, 531, 535, 543

  Christmas 1862 raid of, 509

  death of, 570

  in Falling Waters Battle, 49, 50–51

  in First Manassas Battle, 89

  in Fredericksburg Battle, 497

  Jackson’s relationship with, 43, 406, 417, 488, 497, 509

  July 1861 movements of, 62, 63

  pre-Antietam intelligence gathering by, 455

  at Second Manassas Battle, 420, 421, 422, 428, 434, 436

  in Second Manassas flanking march, 417, 418

  in Second Manassas planning, 411, 413

  in Seven Days campaign, 355, 360, 370–71, 372, 373, 380

  in winter 1862–1863, 509, 523

  Suffolk, Va., Longstreet’s siege of, 521

  Sumner, Edwin, 373, 414, 438, 439, 440, 441, 462, 470, 471, 472, 474, 475, 477, 496, 530

  Sykes, George, 525, 526

  Taliaferro, William B., 179–80, 184, 185–86, 255, 278, 334, 402, 403, 404, 405, 409, 415, 416, 419, 429, 432, 497

  Tavener, Jonah, 204, 207, 209, 211

  Taylor, Bayard, 203

  Taylor, George, 105, 117, 419–20, 439

  Taylor, Richard, 48, 246, 278, 293–94, 324, 325, 360, 395

  Taylor, Zachary, 104, 293, 556

  telegraph, 69, 269, 288, 351, 354, 448, 500, 509, 526, 533

  Tennessee:

  Confederate losses in, 7

  Confederate withdrawal from, 451

  “Tenting Tonight on the Old Campground,” 513

  Texas, US annexation of, 104

  Thermopylae, Battle of, 45

  Thoreau, Henry David, 26

  Tidball, John C., 344

  Timberlake, John Henry, 365

  Times (London), 169

  tobacco, 248

  Toombs, Robert, 390

  Trimble, Isaac, 278, 294, 320, 322, 324, 418, 419, 473

  Turner, Nat, 156

  Turnley, Parmenas, 347

  Twiggs, David, 106, 116, 117

  Tyler, Daniel, 74, 83

  Tyler, Erastus B., 219, 220, 221, 323, 326

  typhoid, 387

  Uncle Robinson (slave), 138, 155

  Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 155

  Union:

  border states of, 44, 168, 480

  First Manassas reaction in, 98–99, 110

  Jackson’s early loyalty to, 17, 27, 28

  Laura Jackson’s support of, 235–36, 566

  Lincoln’s April 1861 troop proclamation for, 30

  Maryland’s relationship with, 44, 452–53

  total war philosophy in, 384, 481

  West Virginia’s joining of, 235

  see also North

  Union army:

  African American troops in, 574

  Antietam casualties in, 468, 472, 478

  in Ball’s Bluff Battle, 167

  black soldiers in, 384

  Bull Run’s reconnaissance by, 69

  Cedar Mountain casualties in, 405

  Chancellorsville casualties in, 545

  in Charlestown skirmish, 302

  command experience in, 71

  in Cross Keys Battle, 319–22, 326

  Cross Keys casualties in, 321

  early 1862 victories of, 7, 194, 195, 203, 277

  early summer 1861 Virginia gains by, 53

  enemy strength assessments by, 60, 162, 166, 167, 196, 200, 202–3, 205, 227, 228, 251, 272, 275, 288, 289, 297, 299, 308, 319, 353, 354, 356, 361, 369, 397, 416, 439, 456, 460, 462, 479, 520, 532

  equipment of, 71, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 162, 167, 195, 206, 213, 217, 222–23, 224, 231, 232, 233, 254, 280, 292, 298, 319, 320, 324–25, 357, 369, 373, 379, 380, 400, 418, 420, 421, 442, 445, 458, 466, 468, 491, 494, 496, 528

  escaped slaves’ relations with, 238–39

  fall 1861 Shenandoah Valley positions of, 176–77

  in Falling Waters Battle, 49–51, 61

  First Manassas casualties in, 93, 97

  First Manassas flanking march of, 73–74, 75, 78, 80–81, 83, 87–88

  in First Manassas Henry Hill fight, 84–93, 98, 100

  in First Manassas Matthews Hill fight, 81–83

  First Manassas opening artillery fire by, 75–76, 77

  First Manassas positioning of, 71–72

  First Manassas retreat of, 93–94, 98, 162

  First Manassas strategy of, 60, 61, 62, 63

  food supplies of, 248, 373, 420, 478

  in Fort Donelson Battle, 192

  Fort Sumter’s loss by, 57

  Fredericksburg casualties in, 500, 501

  Fredericksburg force of, 7, 239, 243, 244, 267, 272, 277, 288, 301, 397

  in Front Royal Battle, 274–75, 277, 278–81, 283

  Front Royal casualties in, 281

  Front Royal’s retaking by, 304, 305

  in Gettysburg Battle, 560

  Harpers Ferry’s occupation by, 53, 61, 239, 282, 288, 300, 301, 453, 454, 456, 457

  Harpers Ferry surrender of, 458, 459, 460

  Jackson’s deception of, 6, 249, 250, 256, 272–73, 279, 280, 299, 315

  Jackson’s first combat encounter with, 49–51

  Jackson’s valley campaign defeat of, 7, 327, 331, 334

  July 1861 strategic blunder by, 60–63

  in Kernstown Battle, 212–28

  Kernstown casualties in, 226

  Lincoln’s post-Kernstown reorganization of, 228

  McClellan’s reinforcements from, 201, 204, 205, 207, 212, 228, 234, 289, 331

  in McDowell Battle, 251–56

  McDowell casualties in, 256

  McDowell’s position in, 57

  medical supplies of, 421

  mid-July 1861 Virginia positions of, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68

  “political” generals in, 199, 271

  Port Republic–area positions of, 312–19

  in Port Republic Battle, 322–27

  Port Republic casualties in, 326

  post–First Manassas enlistment in, 99

  post-Kernstown movements of, 234, 238, 239, 240–44, 250–51

  post-McDowell retreat of, 256, 266, 271

  in race to Strasburg, 306–7, 309, 310

  in race to Winchester, 282–83, 285, 286, 287

  Richmond threatened by, 2–4, 7, 207, 244, 245, 256, 268, 277, 288, 298, 301, 312, 326, 331, 335, 338–39, 348, 349, 397; see also Seven Days campaign

  in Romney Expedition, 181, 182, 185, 187

  Romney force of, 176, 178, 183

  Scott’s position in, 58

  Second Manassas casualties in, 4
45

  Second Manassas court-martial in, 435

  signal system of, 77

  Southern civilians’ disruption of, 396

  South Mountain casualties in, 456

  spring 1862 Shenandoah region forces of, 239, 245

  Stanton’s call for reinforcement of, 299–300

  straggling in, 309, 452

  Strasburg’s occupation by, 243, 269, 271, 273, 274, 282

  strength of, 2–3, 7, 8, 49, 50, 53, 56, 60, 73, 74, 82, 84, 85, 88, 172, 176–77, 184, 185, 196, 200, 203, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 216, 219, 220, 221, 222–23, 224, 225, 228, 234, 239, 244, 245, 251, 252, 272, 278, 280, 284, 290, 292, 293, 300, 306, 308, 310, 319, 324, 326, 331, 386, 397, 430, 431; see also Army of the Potomac, strength of; Army of Virginia, strength of

  supply lines of, 61, 176, 184, 241, 242, 243, 284, 291, 305, 306, 349, 351, 352, 359, 361, 363, 364, 370, 371, 373, 375, 413, 417–18, 419

  total war strategy in, 46, 166, 397

  valley campaign weapons losses of, 233

  Washington’s occupation by, 59–60

  in Wilson’s Creek Battle, 168

  in Winchester Battle, 291–98

  Winchester casualties in, 298

  Winchester’s departure by, 205

  Winchester’s occupation by, 195, 200, 206, 209, 211, 212, 213, 219, 228, 236, 237, 239

  see also specific units and commanders

  Union cavalry:

  Ashby’s killing by, 318

  Ashby’s treatment of, 210–11

  at Brandy Station Battle, 570

  Chancellorsville absence of, 529

  in Gettysburg Battle, 570

  inexperience of, 206, 209, 210, 241, 242, 243

  in Kernstown Battle, 224

  Lee’s supply line threat from, 521

  in Mount Jackson fight, 262

  Pope’s failure to use, 416

  Port Republic attack by, 317, 318, 319

  in race for Winchester, 285, 286

  in Seven Days campaign, 354, 355, 356

  Shenandoah Valley deployment of, 205

  Union navy, 362, 387

  United States:

  church-state separation in, 515

  public mourning in, 556

  slavery debate in, 20–21, 22

  westward expansion of, 21, 104

  United States Army:

  Jackson’s postings in, 111–18

  Jackson’s renown in, 109

  in Mexican-American War, 103–9

  mid-nineteenth century weaponry of, 230

  uveitis, 113, 124–25, 139, 198

  valley campaign of 1862, 7, 204–37

  Army of the Valley’s isolation in, 196, 234, 300, 302, 303

  army strengths in, 7, 8, 176–77, 195, 196, 200, 203, 206, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 234, 239–40, 245, 251, 252, 255, 267, 268, 272, 275, 278–79, 284, 292, 293, 300, 306, 308, 310, 316, 319, 323, 324, 326, 331

  artillery disparities in, 233, 254, 280

  casualties in, 7, 217, 222, 223, 226, 231, 236, 254, 255–56, 257, 281, 292, 297, 298, 304, 321, 324, 325, 326, 331

  consequences of, 7–8, 290, 298

  Cross Keys Battle in, 319–22, 326, 332

  Ewell’s role in, 244, 246, 250, 255, 264, 266–68, 269–70, 271, 272, 273, 277, 278, 281, 284, 285, 286, 291, 292, 293, 294, 296, 310, 316, 319, 320, 321, 322–23, 324, 325, 326

  Frémont’s role in, 249, 250, 251, 255, 256, 289, 300, 302, 305–6, 309, 310–11, 312, 313, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324, 325–26, 334

  Front Royal Battle in, 274–75, 277, 278–81, 283, 297

  Jackson and Banks’s contest in, 207, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 217, 227, 228, 234, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242–44, 245, 246, 249–50, 251, 255, 256, 265, 266–73, 274, 275, 277, 278–81, 282–87, 290, 291–98, 299, 300, 307, 334

  Jackson and Ewell’s protocol sidestepping in, 269–71

  Jackson’s legendary status after, 6–7, 298, 302, 308, 319, 331–35, 336, 339, 340

  Jackson’s proposals for, 172, 178–79, 183–84

  Jackson’s strategic maneuvers in, 7, 256, 281, 282, 284, 291–92, 297

  Jackson’s strategy in, 204, 207, 209, 244–46, 255, 256, 268, 271, 301, 303

  Jackson’s supply lines in, 207, 242, 245, 279, 300, 305

  Jackson’s war council prior to, 201–2

  Kernstown Battle in, 212–28, 236, 237, 252, 258, 331

  Lee’s strategy for, 244–45, 246, 268, 271, 301, 312

  Lincoln’s strategy in, 7, 243, 299–301, 305–9, 312, 313, 326

  McDowell Battle in, 251–56, 257, 331

  marches in, 7, 209, 215, 240, 242, 247, 257, 272–73, 279, 280, 286–87, 297, 301, 307, 310

  Port Republic area positioning in, 312–19

  Port Republic Battle in, 322–27, 332

  post-Kernstown troop movements in, 234, 238, 239, 240–44, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250–51

  post-McDowell troop movements in, 256, 266, 267, 268, 271, 272–73

  race to Strasburg in, 306–7, 308, 309, 310, 311

  race for Winchester in, 282–87

  Shields’s contest with Jackson in, 205–7, 209, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216–17, 218, 227–28, 234, 306, 308–9, 310, 312–13, 315, 316, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323, 326, 334

  Union arms captured in, 233, 281, 298, 331

  Union army’s deception in, 6, 249, 250, 256, 272–73, 279, 280, 299, 315

  Union army’s defeat in, 7, 327, 331, 334

  Union army’s reorganization following, 394

  Union supplies captured in, 281, 298, 331

  Union supply lines in, 241, 242, 243, 284, 291, 305, 306, 364

  Winchester Battle in, 291–98, 299, 331, 332, 394

  see also Romney Expedition

  valley campaign of 1864, 571

  Van Dorn, Earl, 175

  Vera Cruz, Battle of, 105

  Vicksburg, Battle of, 173, 191

  Vicksburg, Miss., Farragut’s approach toward, 277

  Virginia:

  Army of Virginia’s advance in, 393

  Civil War’s anticipation in, 52, 59

  Civil War’s ravaging of, 32

  Confederate army’s post–First Manassas positions in, 162, 170, 172, 174

  Confederate 1862–1863 winter quarters in, 508

  disputed northwestern lands in, 44, 235

  early 1862 Confederate positions in, 2, 193, 201, 202, 203, 207, 244

  early August 1862 military positions in, 410–11; see also Manassas, Second Battle of

  early summer 1861 Confederate losses in, 53

  escaped slaves in, 237–39

  Jackson’s loyalty to, 20, 22

  Jackson’s regimental command for, 35–36, 37–45, 49–51; see also 1st Virginia Brigade

  John Brown’s capture in, 22–27

  McClellan’s reentry into, 490

  McClellan’s summer 1861 movements in, 53, 57, 68

  mid-July 1861 military positions in, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 68–69; see also Manassas, First Battle of

  Pope’s depredations in, 408

  presecession atmosphere in, 27–28

  rail links in, 66, 351, 361, 364, 371, 393, 398, 410, 413, 417, 418, 521, 526, 534, 546

  secession debate in, 20, 22, 28–30, 235

  secession of, 13, 30, 31

  Shenandoah Valley’s unique culture in, 120

  slave education prohibition in, 156

  slavery debate in, 155

  timber cutting in, 510

  see also Chancellorsville, Battle of; Fredericksburg, Va.; Richmond, Va.; Shenandoah Valley

  Virginia, 277

  Virginia Central Railroad, 207, 245, 248, 256, 393, 398, 410, 560

  Virginia Military Institute (VMI):

  cadet misbehavior at, 129–30, 131, 132–33

  Civil War’s destruction of, 575

  Confederate soldiers from, 14, 33, 34, 39, 40, 54, 89, 131, 133, 236, 251, 255, 257, 266, 267, 278, 280, 323, 405, 438, 531–32, 542, 575
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  Jackson’s artillery instruction at, 15, 88, 127–28, 130–31

  Jackson’s detractors at, 15, 133

  Jackson’s hiring by, 105, 117–18

  Jackson mourned at, 561, 562

  Jackson’s reputation at, 14, 15, 16, 29, 54, 89, 120, 121, 124, 125–26, 128–29, 130, 131, 133, 136, 143, 180, 185

  Jackson’s salary at, 175

  Jackson’s years at, 14, 15, 16, 28, 29, 88, 89, 105, 111, 119–26, 127–34, 135–36, 140, 141, 143, 146, 148, 151, 154, 155, 175, 180, 182, 185, 260, 344, 511, 531

  in John Brown trial, 23

  Little Sorrel’s home at, 574–75

  secessionism at, 28–29

  size of, 121

  Von Borcke, Heros, 449, 478, 488, 497

  Walker, James A., 132–33, 266, 405

  Walker, John A., 567

  Walker, John G., 448, 454, 455, 456, 457, 469, 472

  War Department, Confederate:

  cavalry command in, 261

  Jackson’s dealings with, 197, 257, 260, 263

  see also Benjamin, Judah

  War Department, Union, 489

  Army of the Valley’s strength assessment by, 308

  Harpers Ferry surrender details withheld by, 458

  Northern railroad seizure by, 300

  Shields’s excuses to, 309

  see also Stanton, Edwin

  Warren, Gouverneur K., 558

  Washington, DC:

  Beauregard’s battle proposal for, 68

  coal supply of, 179

  Confederate threatening of, 414, 418, 430, 439, 445–46, 447

  defense of, 164, 205, 228, 288, 299–300, 394, 397, 414, 438, 439, 440, 441, 447, 448

  Harpers Ferry surrender news in, 458

  slavery’s abolition in, 384

  telegraph lines from, 351, 448, 509

  Union army’s occupation of, 59–60

  Washington, George, 337, 351, 493, 556

  Washington, George (slave), 238

  Washington, Martha Custis, 351

  Washington Chronicle, 558

  Washington College, 13, 28, 120, 121, 141, 142, 145, 566, 569

  Waterloo, Belgium, Jackson’s visit to, 151

  Webster, Daniel, 342

  Welles, Gideon, 165

  Wellford, Charles C., 529, 530, 531

  West Point:

  Class of 1846 at, 340–47

  Jackson’s years at, 15, 127, 303, 337, 341–42, 343–47, 380

  McClellan’s years at, 127, 163, 337, 343, 345, 347

  West Virginia, 235

  Wheat, Roberdeau, 82

  “When This Cruel War Is Over,” 513

  White, Hugh, 562

  White, Julius, 459

  White, William S., 16, 17, 18, 123, 154, 156, 157, 333, 513, 514, 561–62, 567

  White House Landing, Va.:

  Lee’s mansion at, 351, 371

  Union supply depot at, 349, 351, 361, 371

  Whiting, Chase, 47, 355, 366, 371, 380, 381

 

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