Taylor, (Dame) Elizabeth 547
Taylor, Moses 347
Tébourba 303
Tedder, Marshal of the Air Force Sir Arthur
Algiers strategy talks (May–June 1943) 376
Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 317, 323
on Churchill and Smuts 313
deputy to Eisenhower 455–6, 532, 537, 538, 560, 564, 566
First Cairo Conference (Sextant; November 1943) 441
First Moscow Conference (Bracelet; August 1942) 270
and replacement of Auchinleck 265
on Rommel 441
Teheran 205, 270
Teheran Conference (Eureka; November 1943) 420, 429, 436, 443–51, 455, 459, 479, 577
Tennyson, Alfred, 1st Baron 553
Tenth Army (Allied) 459
Test, River 563
Teutoburgerwald 491
Third Army (US) 163, 508, 510, 511, 535, 562, 569
Thoma, General Wilhelm Ritter von 421
Thompson, Commander C. R. ‘Tommy’ 44, 85, 186, 199, 243, 419, 561
Thompson, Inspector Walter 347, 408
Thorney Island, West Sussex 506
Thucydides 575
Tientsin 23
Times, The 21, 102, 104, 536
Timor 119
Timoshenko, Marshal Semën 450
Tinian 523
Tinker, John 55
Tito, Marshal Josip Broz 483, 486, 551
Tobruk
Commons debate on fall 224–5
defence of 89, 185, 186
enquiry into fall 225
fall of 2–3, 4, 84, 127, 200–201, 202, 204, 208, 218, 241, 272, 360
relief of 62–3
sieges 3–4, 62, 184–5
Tolstoy see Moscow Conferences
Torch, Operation 587
Americans’ acceptance of 254–7, 269–70
basis of Anglo-American disagreements over 223
command of 493
compromises 296
initiation of 561
instituted in CCS 94 memorandum 254–7
needs to precede US mid-term elections 211–12, 262, 281, 290
planning and preparation for 260–70, 274–5, 277–88, 295–6
success of 291–4, 295–6, 298, 314
viewed as part of ‘western front’ 253
Torgau 569
Toulon 465, 492, 498, 508, 578
Tovey, Admiral Sir John (later Baron Tovey) 21, 179
Trevor-Roper, Hugh (later Lord Dacre of Glanton) 509
Trident (Third Washington) Conference (May 1943) 357–73, 375, 376, 379–80, 389, 393, 576, 579
Trieste 491, 494, 498, 499, 510, 511, 515, 517, 578
Trinidad 314
Tripoli 90, 277, 344
Triumph in the West (Bryant) xl, 515
Trondheim 41, 47, 179
Truk 331, 332, 333, 335
Truman, Harry S. 567, 569
Truscott, General Lucian 510
Tuchman, Barbara 362, 438
Tucson, Arizona 452
Tully, Grace 98, 199, 314, 562
Tunis 228, 263, 279, 282, 296, 298, 300, 312, 323, 408, 412
Tunisia 130
discussions at Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 328
Eisenhower’s campaign 299, 303, 311, 323, 354–5
French forces in 299
German defence of 93, 296, 298, 299, 303, 322, 323, 336, 576
lessons learnt from 336
Operation Breastplate 109, 586
Operation Torch 260, 261
surrender of Axis forces 358, 367, 389
Turkey Allies hope to bring into war 307, 312, 351, 359, 375, 413, 417–18, 428
Churchill and Brooke visit (January 1943) 348, 351
declares war on Germany 292
fears will embrace Axis powers 4, 489
neutrality 30, 223
ports 300
possible invasions through 360
potential isolation of 155
supplies 303
Turn of the Tide, The (Bryant) xl, 161–2, 163, 397
TWA (airline) 243
Tyrrhenian Sea 411
U-boats
anti-U-boat campaign 426, 566
Enigma enciphering machines 92, 93
inflict losses on Allied shipping 182, 563
and Operation Gymnast 82
threat of 4, 375, 489, 540
Ulster see Northern Ireland
Ultra (intelligence material) 92, 93, 221, 459, 495
unconditional-surrender policy 343, 344, 476, 550
Uniontown, Pennsylvania 10
United Nations 171, 451, 548, 551, 555, 556
United Service Club, London 63, 131
United States of America
aid to Britain 33, 45–6, 53, 551, 577
Civil War 11, 15, 16, 70, 141
Congress 9, 26, 32, 54, 59, 85, 290, 352, 379, 538
declares war on Japan 63
defence budget 32, 85–6, 297, 437, 506
elections (1932) 19, (1940) 45, 50, (1942) 199, 203, 211–12, 262, 281, 290, (1944) 314, 361, 370, 431, 452, 499, 526, 527, 528, (1952) 414, 544
Germany declares war on 63, 65, 131
isolationism 32, 54, 199
Lend–Lease 30, 45–6, 51, 63, 79, 83, 86, 209, 326, 468, 561
military supplies to Soviet Union 288
plans for entry into war 50
Prohibition 9–10
rearmament 17, 19, 26, 32–3
Revolutionary War 364
Spanish–American War 11, 18, 93
State Department 73, 126, 310
style of government 2, 72, 77
total mobilization 85, 99, 432, 468, 506
US–Soviet relations 485–6
‘unity of command’ strategy 66–8, 79–81, 87, 88, 576
see also ABDA; Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee
US Army Air Force (USAAF)
and Operation Torch 262–3
as part of Army 96, 114
projected size of 122, 342
see also aircraft production, American
US Navy
and ABDA unified command scheme 81
Atlantic and Caribbean bases 520
Atlantic patrols 50–51, 53, 63
and British support in Pacific 520, 523
and CCS 94 memorandum 255–6, 261
defence of Australia and south-west Pacific 155
naval construction programme 92, 155, 437
Roosevelt’s career with 17–18
V-1 flying bombs 490, 493–4, 501, 504, 512
V-2 rockets 490, 513, 537, 563, 582
Valiant, HMS 169, 411
Valletta 200, 544
Vancouver 64
Vancouver Barracks, Washington 25
Venning, Quartermaster-General Sir Walter 253
Veritable, Operation 587
Versailles 535
Vichy France
and Allied North African campaign after Torch 297–8, 299–300, 310, 311
Churchill fears will embrace Axis powers 4
French North African Army 344, 352
Laval restored to power 165
and Operation Torch 278, 279, 282, 291, 296, 493
overseas territories 70, 85, 124, 297–8, 299–300
sinking of fleet (1940) 282
Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy 390, 430
Victor, Operation 46, 587
Victoria, Queen xxxiii, 13, 514
Victory in Europe Day (8 May 1945) 570–71
‘Victory Program’ 130–31
Vienna 5, 388, 392, 460, 490, 491, 505, 509, 510, 515, 517, 577, 578
Vimy Ridge, battle of (1917) 274
Virginia Military Institute (VMI) 10–11, 71, 363
Vistula, River 557
Vogelkop 404
Volga, River 241, 249, 275
Vorontsov Villa, Alupka 545–6, 554
Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment 98, 272, 444, 446–7
Wallace, Henry xxxviii, 296, 311
Walsh, Senat
or Arthur 98
Waltham Palace, Hampshire 545
War of 1812 189
War Cabinet (British)
Burgis’ verbatim transcriptions xxxiii, xxxiv–xxxv, xxxvii, 89, 113, 559
Chiefs of Staff attend 43, 47, 108, 224
composition 81
dominated by Churchill and Brooke 268–9
meetings 108, 110, 224, 504
rules for minute-taking xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvii
secretariat 66, 93, 111, 316
War Cabinet Defence Committee (British)
Churchill’s chairmanship 105, 109
clashes xxxvii, 110
composition 46, 109
and Marshall’s mission to London (Modicum; April 1942) 151, 152, 153–60
meetings 109–10
minutes xxxvii, 91
secretariat 109
War Cabinet Office (British) 72, 132, 498
war criminals 306, 384, 550
War Department (United States)
Marshall dominates 34, 115
Marshall’s reform of 114–15
orders dog tags 50
‘unity of command’ strategy 67
War Plans Division 25, 71, 82, 114, 131
see also Operations Division (of US War Department)
War Office (British)
Churchill’s disdain for 16–17, 65
Planners 37–8, 47, 65, 133, 167, 169, 275, 285, 300, 312, 358, 391–2, 496
respect for Brooke 62
secretariat 228
War Shipping Administration (United States) 217, 436
Warlimont, Major-General Walter 410, 459
Warm Springs, Georgia 26, 566
Warsaw 526
Warspite, HMS 411
Washington, George 29, 364
Washington, DC
Anacostia naval airstation 187, 210
British Embassy 9, 99, 186, 188
Bureau of Engraving and Printing 314
Constitution Avenue 1, 91
Federal Reserve building 72, 73, 86
Munitions Building 98, 178
Public Health Building 91, 96
Statler Hotel 369
see also White House
Washington conferences see Arcadia; Argonaut; Trident
Washington Post 30
Washington Times-Herald 131
Waterloo, battle of 13, 203
Watson, Major-General Edwin ‘Pa’ 344, 350
Wavell, Field Marshal Archibald, 1st Earl
Brooke’s letters to 41, 225, 409
commander-in-chief of ABDA 67, 79, 88, 120
and Cunningham 419
and defence of Tobruk 185
diary xxxviii
in Dill’s clique 95
First Moscow Conference (Bracelet; August 1942) 270
relations with Churchill 91, 112
row over Indian debt 60
self-effacement 10
succeeded by Brooke as commander-in-chief of Southern Command 41
Trident (Third Washington) Conference (May 1943) 358, 362, 364, 366
visits Cairo with Churchill and Brooke (August 1942) 264
Wedemeyer, General Albert C.
Anglophobia 58, 148, 195, 223, 338, 582
appearance and character 130, 338, 343, 344
bitterness over postponement of Marshall’s plans 206, 217
Casablanca Conference (January 1943) 317, 323–4, 328, 333, 334, 337, 338, 343–4
on Churchill 198, 213
denunciation of Mediterranean campaign 580
education and career 130–31, 166
First Cairo Conference (Sextant; November 1943) 438
and Marshall’s Japan First alternative 234
mission to London with Marshall (Modicum; April 1942) 130, 137, 143, 147–8, 149, 151, 166
and Operation Overlord 489
and Operation Torch 324
opposition to Operation Gymnast 241–2
and plans for an early invasion of
France 121, 129, 166, 180–81
secret taping of British Planning Staff 223–4
suspicious of Britain 84, 181, 195, 358, 407
Teheran Conference (Eureka; November 1943) 447
‘Victory Program’ 131
views on Brooke 148
Wedemeyer Reports! 147
Wedgwood, Colonel Josiah (later Baron Wedgwood) 55
Weeks, Lieutenant-General Sir Ronald (later Baron Weeks) 22, 56–7, 58, 62, 107, 253
Wehrmacht
advances through Belgium and France 37, 214
Churchill’s respect for 581
invasion of Poland 32
invasion of Soviet Union 54
planned invasion of Britain 49
superior combat effectiveness 354–5, 380
see also Army Groups (German); panzer divisions
Welles, Sumner 52
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of 13, 203, 276, 396, 442
Wells, H. G., The Outline of History 140
West Germany 525
West Point 177, 205, 535
Weygand, General Maxime 38, 39
Wheeler-Bennett, (Sir) John 363
White House
bathrooms 216
Cabinet Room 71
Churchill stays at during Arcadia Conference 70, 84, 87
Marshall’s visits 61
Oval Office 1–2
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia 502
Wiesbaden (cruiser) 44, 106
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 34, 225
Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands 358
Wilhelmshaven 118
Williamsburg, Virginia 362, 363, 364–5, 366
Willingdon, Freeman Thomas, 1st Marquess of 110
Willkie, Wendell 45, 568
Willow Run factory, Detroit 19
Wilmot, Chester 33, 106, 146, 149, 158, 176, 211, 492
Wilson, Sir Charles see Moran, Charles
Wilson, 1st Baron Wilson, General Sir Henry ‘Jumbo’ (later 1st Baron Wilson)
and Anzio landings 457
and Eisenhower’s plans for advance into Germany 564
Masters and Commanders Page 94