by James Scott
Takao, Formosa, 254, 270
Takatori Maru, sinking of, 185–86
Take, 265
Tamahoko Maru, 182
Tamashima Maru, 110
Tambor, 66–67, 204
Tanapag Harbor, 145
Tang, 192, 315
accolades and awards for, 204–5, 279
attempted ramming of, 210–11
erratic torpedo failure of, 214–16, 231–33, 241, 270
explosion damage to, 231–51, 285, 311
fatigue and exhaustion aboard, 202–3, 204
fifth patrol of, 201–16, 231–51
first patrol of, 124–25, 133–35, 136–37, 139–51, 174
first prisoner of war taken by, 189
fourth patrol of, 202
as “missing in action,” 278–79, 310
O’Kane as skipper of, ix, 124–25, 133–35, 136–37, 139–56, 158–61, 171–77, 178–90, 193, 201–16, 217, 220, 231–34, 241, 249, 251, 256, 270, 278, 311, 313, 314, 315, 317
refit of, 172, 173
second patrol of, 152–56, 158–61, 172
sinking of, 241–42
success record of, 204–5, 270, 279, 314
survivors of, as prisoners of war, 249–51, 269–74, 277–90, 291–97, 300–302, 305, 307–11, 313
third patrol of, 172–77, 179–90, 201–2, 204, 247
Tarawa, 138, 139
tatamis (grass mats), 274, 305
Tatsuju Maru, 210
Tautog, 314
Tawi-Tawi, 194–95
Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 292
Tennan Maru, sinking of, 98
Tennessee, 205
Tenposan Maru, sinking of, 119
Texas, 19–20
Thanksgiving, 1944, 285
Third Fleet, 304
Thompson, Tommy, 158
Tibbets, Paul, Jr., 297–98
Time, 132
Timor, 38
Tinian, 165, 195, 197, 256, 293, 297, 298
Tinosa, 173–75, 182–83, 186
TNT, 29, 31, 103, 215, 297
Toei Maru, sinking of, 108–9
Tojo, Hideki, 42
Tokyo, Japan, 22, 165, 171, 257, 283, 303, 314
air strike damage to, 293–95
Doolittle raid on, 59, 61, 87, 104, 294
Ofuna prisoners transferred to, 290, 291–92
Tokyo Bay, 24, 303, 304, 305
torpedo data computer, 7, 28–29, 30, 58, 196, 234
torpedoes (“fish”), 2, 7, 8, 108–9
attacks by, 119, 120–21, 143, 146, 150, 166, 168, 169, 181, 184–85, 186, 189, 196, 207–8, 209, 213–14, 221–22, 227, 264, 315
conservation of, 17, 29, 99–100, 147, 260
cost of, 28, 79
electric, see electric fish
functioning of, 28–30
malfunctions of, see torpedo failure
targets missed by, 31, 66, 83, 93, 118, 119, 121, 122, 183–84, 261
testing of, 68–69
warhead on, 29
torpedo failure, 55, 67–69, 79–81, 82–83, 94, 97, 131, 184, 202, 220, 260, 317
remedies for, 103, 272
skippers blamed for, 68–69, 317
of Tang’s last torpedo, 214–16, 231–33, 241, 270, 272, 285, 311
torpedo juice, 171
Torpex, 29, 69, 103, 215
Toun Maru, 210
Toyoda, Soemu, 165
Tradewind, 255
Trigger, 125, 218, 225–26, 229, 278
Triton, 68
Truk:
Japanese base at, 58, 92, 108, 110, 121, 126, 136–37, 193, 282
U.S. raid on, 138–44, 152–61, 172
Trukke, Hayes:
as prisoner of war, 270, 288
in Tang explosion, 241, 246, 248
Truman, Harry, 298, 317
Tsugaru, 80
Tsushima Strait, 132
tuberculosis, 308
Tulagi, 86
Tullibee, 8, 153–54
Tuna, 77
Tung Ting Lake, 187
Tunny, 153
Turnabout Island, 212
Type 88 explosive, 31
typhoons, 8, 206–7, 220
U-boats, 5–6, 34, 35, 41, 73, 78
Ugaki, Matome, 30, 67, 90–91
Ultra intelligence messages, 106–9, 127, 136, 141, 148, 150, 174–75, 182
Ulul Island, 143
“unholy alliance,” 25
United Fruit Company, 44
United States:
ethnic diversity of, 20
Japan’s underestimation of, 26, 59–60, 178, 194, 316
oil production of, 24
in preparation for war’s end, 218
telegrams to families in, 278–79
victories of, 59–65, 86
wartime measures in, 2, 70
wartime press and media coverage in, 2, 47, 130, 172
wartime strategy of, 3, 5, 6, 37, 39, 86
United States Strategic Bombing Survey, 316
Utah, 2
Utke-Ramsung, Verner, Jr., 20
Van Dyke, Henry, 74
Vengeance, Operation, 89–91
Voge, Richard, 107–8
Voycall, 206
Wahoo, 126–33, 142, 172, 173, 179–80, 185, 187, 278
Wakatake Maru, sinking of, 210–11
Wake Island, 2, 37, 117, 124–25, 136, 138, 172
Walker, Howard, 173, 182, 184
war crimes investigations, 270, 280–81, 314
Ward, Norvell “Bub,” 125
War Information Office, 218
Warner Bros., 130
War Plan Orange, 104
War Production Board, 70
Wasp, 86
“watertight blockade,” 204
Webb, Hamilton “Spike,” 74
Weekley, Leland, in Tang explosion, 237, 244, 246
Weiss, Don, 175, 182–83
Weller, George, 47
Wenneker, Paul, 178
Western Union telegrams, 278–79
West Point, U.S. Military Academy at, 10
West Virginia, 2
Wewak, 117
Wheeler, Hubert, 200
Whipp, Kenneth, 131
White, James, 189
White, Robert, 194
White House, 313
Wilbur, Avery, 267
Williamson, Delbert Fred “Bill”; “Diesel Dan”:
age of, 102, 110
aggressiveness of, 109–12
education of, 101–2
previous experience of, 102
as skipper of Drum, ix, 101–3, 109–12, 192–93
wartime experience lacking in, 103, 109
Willson, Russell, 18–19, 58
Wilson, Woodrow, 34
wolf packs, 77, 213, 218–20, 225–26, 228, 259–62, 263
Woodrum, Clifton, 218
Woodward, John, 294–95
Woosung, 184
World War I, 18, 24, 26, 68, 103, 218, 281
submarines of, 20, 35, 40, 41, 69, 73, 102, 115, 125, 164, 192
unrestricted U-boat attacks in, 34
World War II:
cost of, 2
end of, 299–300
European theater of, 35–37, 86, 171, 205, 218, 297
Japan’s buildup to and entrance into, 25–26
see also Pacific War
Worthington, Dotty, 44
Worthington, Robert, 5, 12–14, 44, 55, 73, 76, 81–82, 91, 117, 163, 164
as photographer, 51–52, 95
wrestling, 128
Yamaguchi, Tamon, 65
Yamamoto, Isoroku, 30, 60–61, 67, 87–91, 315
targeting and death of, 89–91
Yamaoka Maru, sinking of, 189, 247
Yamashimo Maru, sinking of, 147
Yamato, 67, 222
Yap, 195, 197
Yawata, 187
Yellow Sea, 173–74, 183, 187, 209
Yokohama, Japan, 141, 291
air strike on, 294–95
peace mission between Seattl
e and, 109–10
Yokosuka, Japan, 28, 32
Yokosuka Naval Station, 274
Yorktown, 59–60, 61, 63–64, 74
sinking of, 65
Zamperini, Louis, 274–75, 279, 282
Zero “Zeke” fighter planes, 25, 40, 62, 63, 90, 140, 281
Zofcin, George, 244–45
Zuiho, sinking of, 223
Zuikaku, 59, 61, 196
sinking of, 223
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Copyright © 2013 by James M. Scott
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First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition May 2013
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Designed by Ruth Lee-Mui
Jacket design by Tom McKeveny
Jacket photographs courtesy of U.S. Navy
Maps by Paul Pugliese
Submarine cutaway illustration by Fred Freeman, U.S. Naval Institute
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Scott, James (James M.)
The war below : the story of three submarines that battled Japan / James Scott.— First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition.
Pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations—Submarine. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Naval operations, American. 3. World War, 1939–1945—Campaigns—Pacific Area. 4. Drum (Submarine) 5. Tang (Submarine : SS-306) 6. Silversides (Submarine) I. Title.
D783.S46 2013
940.54'5160973—dc23
2012043122
ISBN 978-1-4391-7683-2
ISBN 978-1-4391-7685-6 (ebook)