The Politics of Climate Change

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The Politics of Climate Change Page 31

by Anthony Giddens


  theory of effect 11–12

  Venus and 28–9

  see also carbon emissions; coal; gas; methane; oil

  Greenpeace 123

  Guardian newspaper 191

  Haiti

  Climate Risk Index 179

  disasters 178

  Hamilton, Clive 24

  Hannay, David 211, 228

  Hansen, James 30

  Storms of My Grandchildren 28–9

  Hayek, Friedrich von 98

  health and disease

  effect of climate change 166

  Millennium Declaration 214

  UN and 212

  heat waves 115

  Hedegaard, Connie 191

  Heinberg, Richard 33

  Helm, Dieter 43

  Hillman, Mayer 158

  Honduras

  Climate Risk Index 179

  housing and buildings

  planning and 145

  sea level rise and 171–2

  sturdy insulation 168

  UK tax incentives 154–5

  Howell, David 36

  Hu Jintao 190, 223

  Hubbert, Marion King 36

  Hugo, Victor 113

  Huhne, Chris 194

  Hungary 197

  hurricanes and typhoons

  Andrew 176

  insurance 174–5

  Jeanne 178

  Katrina 115, 174, 175, 177

  hydroelectric energy 127

  Brazil 225

  in Europe 167

  Kyoto projects 189

  Norway 81

  present technology 131

  status of 138

  Sweden 78, 81

  hydrogen power 130, 131

  present technology 132

  Iceland

  carbon tax 153

  geothermal energy 135

  IKEA 126

  Illarionov, Andrei 187

  Implementing Sustainable Development (Lafferty and Meadowcroft) 61

  Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) 65

  India 231

  climate change policies 224–5

  Copenhagen negotiations 190

  democracy of 209

  economic growth of 46, 214

  increasing emissions from 7

  Kyoto negotiations 188

  public attitudes 105

  Tata Nano car 46

  weather events 180

  inequalities and poverty

  the bottom billion 213–16

  carbon rationing 158–9

  developing countries and 165

  development and 62–3

  intensification of 17

  state traps for 214–16

  taxes and 154–6

  technology and 141–2

  institutions

  coping with hazards 62

  insurance

  catastrophe bonds 176–8

  flooding and 171

  scales of damage 173–5

  Integrated Coastal Zone Management Programme 169

  interest groups 114

  see also business; civil society; green movement

  Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the UN (IPCC)

  controversies 22–3

  geoengineering 137

  NGOs and 123

  nuclear power 133

  origins in Montreal Protocol 185

  political body of 20

  predictions of 15–18, 20–1

  radicals disagree with 27

  scenarios 100

  sceptics and 19

  UN role and 208

  International Energy Agency 136

  peak oil 37

  international institutions

  embedding issue in 3

  Lovelock’s lack of faith in 30

  mirage of world order 209–13

  see also international negotiations; United Nations

  International Labour Organization 177

  international negotiations 3–4

  abrogation of 213

  aiming for consensus 116–19

  Bali conference 189

  Cancun conference 193–4

  coalitions and collaborations 220–2

  Copenhagen conference 190–2

  failure in practical results 194

  historical view of 185–9

  role of UN 227–8

  Iran 45, 213

  Iraq 213

  Islam

  Petropolitics and 217–18

  Israel 35

  Japan

  energy conservation 35

  Fukushima leaks 78, 81, 92, 133–4

  geothermal energy 135

  political consensus 118

  US military bases in 207

  jobs

  Millennium Declaration 214

  renewable technologies and 146–50

  Jones, Philip 21–3

  Jones, Van

  The Green Economy 149

  Kagan, Robert

  The Return of History and the End of Dreams 209–13

  Kazakhstan 208

  Kerry, John 90

  Kingdon, John

  Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies 113–15

  Klare, Michael 207, 222

  Krieger, Martin 52

  Kunstler, James 161

  Kuwait 215

  Kyoto conference 77, 83, 87

  carbon markets 199

  Clean Development Mechanism 188

  common denominators 117

  EU meets targets 195

  negotiations for 186–9

  regional approaches 220

  Russia and 219

  Kyrgystan 208

  Lafferty, William

  Implementing Sustainable Development (with Meadowcroft) 61

  Laos 180

  Latin America 226–7

  Latvia 197

  Lawson, Nigel 42–3

  Leeb, Stephen 37

  Lieberman, Joseph 88, 90, 222

  Limits to Growth (Club of Rome) 59

  Lipton tea company 126

  Lithuania 197

  local governance

  EU subsidiarity 168

  green principles and 51

  integrated approaches 97

  levels of governance 5

  planning 98

  Lomborg, Bjørn 191

  The Skeptical Environmentalist 19

  The Lomborg Deception (Friel) 19

  Lovelock, James 29–30

  Lovins, Amory

  hypercars 143–4

  natural capitalism 139–40

  Lovins, Hunter

  hypercars 143–4

  low-carbon living

  investing in technology for 89

  jobs and 146–7, 147

  positive models of 8

  present technology and 131–40

  promoting 110

  as utopia 160–2

  Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio 225–6

  McCain, John 88

  MacDonald, Christine

  Green, Inc 125–6

  McKee, Martin 25–6

  Major Economics Forum 221

  Manmohan Singh 224

  Mann, Michael 21–2

  Mao Zedong 216

  markets

  case against 48–9

  environmental goods 4

  GM crops 69

  state intervention in 95–6

  see also carbon trading

  Markey, Edward 88

  Marsh, Marcia 125

  Marx, Karl 229

  Meadowcroft, James

  Implementing Sustainable Development (with Lafferty) 61

  MERCOSUR 210

  Merkel, Angela 81

  methane

  agriculture and 69

  greenhouse effect 11

  peat bogs and 27–8

  Mexico 207, 226–7

  NAFTA 210

  public attitudes 105

  Michaels, Patrick 19

  Middle East

  imperialism and 34

  oil resources of 9

  Petropolitics 217–18

&nb
sp; resource conflicts 207

  US and 47

  see also individual countries

  Millennium Declaration 214

  Mitchell, Cynthia 101

  Mongolia 179

  Montreal Protocol 185

  Morganthau, Hans 211

  Morris, William 50, 51

  Munich Re 177

  Myanmar 179

  Nakhle, Carol 36

  nation-states see states

  National Academy of Sciences 24

  National Adaptation Programme of Action 183

  nature

  benevolence of 58

  mystical reverence for 55

  staying close to 54

  Nature (Emerson) 50

  Netherlands

  Environmental Assessment Agency 23

  IPCC controversy 22–3

  new protein sources 101

  political consensus 118

  New Zealand

  Copenhagen conference 190

  geothermal energy 135

  Nicaragua 179

  Nigeria 207, 208

  Nike 124, 223

  El Niño/La Niña 27, 28, 102

  stars reveal 182

  non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

  business and 125–6

  ensuring standards 121

  as pressure group 121–3, 124–5

  role of 121–3

  scientific research and 123

  Nordhaus, Ted 148–9

  North American Free Trade

  Agreement (NAFTA) 210

  North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

  Arctic security 204

  counterpart organizations 208

  North, Richard 20, 60

  Norway 81, 219

  Arctic resources 203–4

  carbon tax 153

  environmental performance 77

  nuclear power

  Chernobyl 134

  France and 35, 42

  Fukushima leaks 78, 81, 92, 133–4

  Germany 80–1

  IPCC on 133

  Iran 45

  present technology 131, 132–4

  states phase out 51

  Sweden 78

  UK 85, 86

  USA 88

  waste disposal 133

  Obama, Barack 88–9, 223

  Copenhagen conference 190–1

  oil

  Arctic resources 203–4, 206

  conflict and security 207–8

  dominance of 33

  future generations and 120

  imperialism and 34

  new sources 36–9

  North Sea 81, 85

  OPEC and 34–5, 78, 81

  peak in supply 8, 36–9

  Petropolitics 217–220

  price of 7, 9–10, 35, 37, 156

  spills 39–40

  state resources 215

  Sudan 205

  transport by sea 207

  OPEC

  oil embargo 78, 81

  Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 34–5

  OXFAM 193–4

  Pacala, Stephen 140

  Pachauri, Rajendra 46

  Pakistan 180, 207

  Parks, Bradley 178–9

  Pearce, Fred 26–7, 30

  peat bog methane 27–8

  percentage principle 74

  Peru 182, 226

  PetroChina 41

  Pew Foundation 89–90, 106

  Philippines 179, 180

  planning 6

  backcasting 100–2

  communities 100

  democratic processes and 99–100

  energy needs 72 flexibility of 145

  job creation 148

  multi-level 95

  previous experiences of 98–9

  polar and glacial ice

  Arctic resources 36, 203–4, 206

  data of 13–14

  dynamic and volatile 27

  European climate and 167

  IPCC controversy 22–3

  predictions for 17–18

  politics of climate change

  absorption of green ideas 48, 54

  aiming for concord 116–19

  concepts of 71–5

  economic competition 150

  foregrounding 112–16

  future discounting 2–3

  global scope 229–30

  holistic approach 91

  left-right thinking 7, 49, 91, 116

  measuring sustainability 65

  Petropolitics 217–220

  politicians awareness and 3–4

  profound changes and 4

  transcendence 74

  urgency of 2

  Pollin, Robert 149

  polluter pays principle 121

  adaptation and 165

  carbon tax 148, 152

  ensuring state and 95–6

  politics of 71

  responsibility and 66–7

  pollution and toxic substances 62

  aluminium mining 126

  economic impact 64

  public right to know 121

  right-to-know legislation 121

  Popper, Karl 6

  population

  factor in adaptation 181

  feeding billions 67–8

  increase of 17

  relation to poverty 214

  Portugal

  environmental performance 82–3, 92

  poverty see inequalities and poverty

  power relations

  of humans 229–230

  relation to money 116

  state sovereignty 209–13

  UN intervention 211

  world-view of 213

  Pralle, Sarah 115

  precautionary principle

  arguments of 55–9

  compared to adaptation 164–5

  green movement and 51

  rejection of 6

  Protection of the Earth’s Atmosphere (German parliament) 79

  public attitudes

  accepting risk 231

  Brazil 225

  clusters of 105–8

  concern about environment 103–5

  developing vs developed states 104–5

  emphasizing the positives 108–12

  fatalism 115

  foregrounding environment 112–16

  Giddens’s paradox 2–3

  green presentation to 123–4

  information and 104

  interest groups and 114

  planning and 102

  reaction to weather events 10

  right to know 121

  shifting 107–10

  US view on environment 89–90

  see also civil society

  Putin, Vladimir 209–10, 219

  radicalism

  active reaction to events 10

  green viewpoints 26–31

  lack in international agreements 194

  ‘of the centre’ 116

  political transcendence 74

  renewed cause of 49

  rainfall see droughts and floods

  Rainforest Alliance 126

  Rasmussen, Anders Fogh 191

  Rasmussen, Lars Lokke 191

  recycling and waste 126

  carbon tax 155, 156

  jobs and 147

  Reduced Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) 193

  Rees, William 53

  regions

  coalitions and collaborations 220–2

  Kyoto agreements 220

  see also local governance

  regulation

  handicap for business 7

  short-termism and 99

  renewable energy

  biofuels 70–1

  Brazil 225–6

  Chinese investment in 9

  conservationists and 54

  economic competition 7

  EU and 195

  feed-in tariffs 79–80, 91, 131

  job creation 146–50

  lobbying for 122

  Portugal 82–3

  smart grids 143

  Spain
and Portugal 82–3, 92

  status report on 138

  turn towards 35

  US-China cooperation 223

  resources see environment and resources; fossil fuels

 

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