Queen Victoria

by Bartley, Paula;

  — Albert, Prince Consort, Hamish Hamilton, 1983.

  Ridley, Jane, Bertie: A Life of Edward VI, Vintage Books, 2013.

  Robert, Andrew, Salisbury: Victorian Titan, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1999.

  Small, Hugh, The Crimean War, Tempus Publishing, 2007.

  Strachey, Lytton, Queen Victoria, Chatto and Windus, 1921.

  Thompson, Dorothy, Queen Victoria: Gender and Power, Virago, 1990 (first published 1982).

  Vallone, Lynne, Becoming Victoria, Yale University Press, 2001.

  Van der Kiste, John, Queen Victoria’s Children, Sutton, 2003.

  — Sons, Servants and Statesmen: The Men in Queen Victoria’s Life, Sutton, 2006.

  Victoria, Queen Victoria’s Journals, complete journals 1832–1901, Royal archives, available online at www.queenvictoriasjournals.org.

  Ward, Yvonne, Censoring Queen Victoria, Oneworld Publications, 2014.

  Weintraub, Stanley, Victoria: Biography of a Queen, John Murray, 1997 (first published Unwin 1986).

  — Uncrowned King: The Life of Prince Albert, John Murray, 1997.

  Williams, Kate, Becoming Queen, Arrow Books, 2009.

  Wilson, A. N., The Victorians, Arrow Books, 2003.

  — Victoria, A Life, Atlantic Books, 2014.

  Woodham-Smith, Cecil, Queen Victoria: Her Life and Times, Volume 1: 1819–1861, Hamish Hamilton, 1972.

  Wyndham, Mrs Hugh (ed.), Correspondence of Sarah Spencer, Lady Lyttelton, 1787–1870, John Murray, 1912.

  Index

  Aberdeen, Lord 12, 98–99, 105–106, 117, 145, 156–157, 159–160, 163–164

  Act of Settlement 42

  Affie see Alfred

  Afghanistan 99–100, 226, 234, 242

  Albert, Prince 10–15, 33–34, 45–46, 53, 70–77, 81–84, 87–90, 94–97, 103, 115–116, 122–132, 134–138, 141, 145–146, 150–152, 156–160, 166, 176–186, 192, 208, 214, 216–217, 293–294, 296–297

  Albert Edward see Bertie

  Alexander, Prince of Orange 33

  Alexander, Prince of Wurtemburg 32

  Alexandra, later Tsarina 128, 281–282

  Alexandra, Princess (Bertie’s wife) 178, 185, 241

  Alfred (Affie) 77, 80, 83, 125, 127–128, 130–132, 191, 215, 288–289

  Alice 77, 80–83, 125, 127–129, 131–132, 177–178, 193, 225, 233, 281, 288

  Arabi, Colonel 242–244

  army reform 164, 168, 173, 206–209, 274

  Arnstein, Walter 9

  Arthur 77, 125, 128, 130–132, 135, 138, 243–244, 274, 277

  assassination attempts 9, 93, 149, 204–205

  Augustus, Duke of Sussex 18

  Augustus, Prince 32–33

  Austria 13, 59, 97, 112–117, 154, 159, 171–172, 186–187, 193–194, 220, 224, 277

  Austro-Prussian war 192–195

  Bagehot, Walter 42, 298–299, 301, 304, 306

  Balmoral 97, 128, 134–135, 137, 180–182, 194, 203–204, 210, 241, 248, 258–259, 297

  Bank Charter Act 90

  Bashi Bazouks 221–222

  Basu, Shrabani 9

  Beatrice 10, 13, 75, 77, 80–81, 122, 126, 128, 132, 138, 168, 177, 231, 283

  bedchamber crisis 54–55, 61, 72, 88, 302

  Belgium 24, 34, 45, 57–58, 97, 137, 194

  Bertie 2, 10, 77, 81, 83–84, 124–125, 127, 132, 135, 178–180, 185, 189–190, 205, 231–232, 235–236, 241, 250, 266, 269, 277, 297, 300

  Bill of Rights 42

  Bismarck 186, 194, 212–214

  Bolitho, Hector 97

  Bosnia– Herzegovina 221, 224

  Bradlaugh, Charles 77, 234, 300

  Brown, David 35

  Brown, John 14, 135, 181–183, 205, 258–259, 293

  Bulgaria 221–222, 224, 276, 294

  Cambridge, Duke of 48, 208–209, 274, 277

  Canada 57, 60, 98, 305

  Cardwell 208–209

  Catholic, Roman 4, 50, 64, 94–96, 148–149, 198–199, 207, 218–219, 278

  Chadwick, Edwin 91

  charities 30, 102, 131, 146, 296, 307

  Charles, Barrie 9

  Charles, Prince of Leiningen 19, 21, 115–116

  Charlotte, Princess 18–20, 78, 97

  Chartism 13, 50, 87, 91–92, 96, 104, 206

  Chimney Sweeps Act 50

  China 60–61, 142, 193

  Christian, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein 189–190

  Commons, House of 4, 43–44, 54, 94, 151, 158, 167, 171, 195–196, 198–199, 208, 210, 226, 234–236, 248, 250, 266–269, 271–272, 302–303

  Conroy, John 11, 24–26, 29–30, 35, 45, 49, 52

  Conservatives 4–5, 42, 51–55, 61, 72, 87–88, 90, 96, 99, 101–102, 145, 156, 184, 188, 194–197, 210, 215, 217, 230, 235–237, 242, 248–249, 252–253, 260, 267–268, 270, 272–275, 302–303

  constitution, British 4, 7–9, 15–16, 35, 42–43, 47, 55–56, 73, 105, 117–118, 129, 152, 155, 159, 184–186, 188–189, 193–194, 202, 208–209, 211, 215, 219–220, 223, 230–231, 236–237, 239–240, 250–253, 257, 260–261, 266, 268, 270–273, 279, 298–299, 301–302, 304–305

  Coronation 40–42, 74, 82, 306

  Corn Laws 5, 87, 96

  Crimea 9, 14, 149, 157–168, 171, 173, 209, 222, 297

  Curzon, George 282

  Custody of Infants 50

  Denmark 178, 184–189, 255–256, 276, 281, 294, 304

  Derby, Lord 12, 145, 156, 164, 171, 184, 195–197, 210, 223–224

  Diamond Jubilee 16, 276–279, 301

  Dilke, Charles 204, 233, 251, 300, 302

  Disraeli, Benjamin 10, 14–15, 64, 156, 184, 195–199, 202–203, 211, 215–226, 232–223, 242, 246, 249, 297, 304

  Don Pacifico 150–151

  East India Company 57, 99–100, 170

  Ecclesiastical Titles Act 148

  Education Act 1870 206

  Edward, Duke of Kent 18–19, 21, 60

  Egypt 58–59, 219, 234, 242–245

  Ellenborough, Lord 99–100, 188, 302

  Empress of India 15, 220, 304–305

  Ernest, Duke of Cumberland 18, 31, 70, 97

  Ernest, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 33, 115

  factories 2–3, 51, 64, 90, 146–147, 207, 218, 241, 275, 307

  Fassiotto, Michael 7

  Feodora, Princess 19, 21

  Ferdinand, Prince 32–33

  Feuchtwanger, Edgar 10

  France 13, 44, 57, 59–60, 97–98, 106–112, 114, 128–129, 136–137, 147, 151, 155, 158, 161, 166, 170–172, 186, 211–214, 219, 224, 243, 259, 270, 280, 294, 300, 302

  Franco-Prussian war 211–212

  Frederick (Fritz), Prince of Prussia, 13, 136–137, 186, 211–212, 232

  George, Duke of Cambridge 209, 274

  George III 3, 18, 20, 31, 97, 180, 294

  George IV 4, 18–20, 24, 41, 46, 74, 89, 183, 203

  Germany 12–13, 19, 58, 76, 97, 106, 115–116, 136–137, 162, 177, 184, 186–188, 193–194, 212–214, 220, 225, 285, 294

  Gladstone, William 14–16, 157, 195, 199, 202–211, 213–215, 217–222, 225–226, 230–231, 233–254, 260, 265–270, 284, 297, 300–301, 302–303

  Gordon, General 245–248, 269, 283

  Goschen, George 251

  Greece 98, 151, 255, 278, 280–281, 294

  Great Exhibition 145–146

  Greville, Lord 10, 47, 49, 55

  Grey, Lord 153, 203, 209

  Grisi, Giulia 23, 67

  habeas corpus 103, 239

  haemophilia 122, 126–127, 231

  Hardie, Frank 8, 184

  Hastings, Lady Flora 10, 30, 52, 61, 72

  Haynau, General 153–154

  Helena (Lenchen) 77, 125, 132, 189–191, 289

  Henry (Liko), Prince of Battenburg 231, 283

  Hibbert, Christopher 7

  Hough, Richard 9

  Hungary 13, 97, 112, 116–118

  India 6, 9, 15, 57, 99–101, 149, 168–170, 217, 219–220, 224, 226, 243, 256–260, 266, 282, 304–305

  Ireland 15–16, 94–97,
101–104, 111, 198–199, 206, 209–211, 230, 237–240, 249, 251–254, 260, 266–267, 269, 278–279

  Italy 13, 71, 112–113, 137, 171–172, 224, 259, 269, 280

  jingoism 219

  Karim, Abdul 10, 258–259, 282

  Kean, Charles 66, 133

  Kensington Palace 1, 19, 31, 34, 39, 45

  Kensington system 25–26

  Kent, Duchess of 1, 11, 19–22, 24–27, 30–36, 39, 45, 47–49, 52, 68, 70, 76, 141, 176–178

  Khartoum 246–247

  Kitchener, Lord 283–286, 288

  Kossuth, Lajos 116, 154–155

  Kruger, Paul 284–285

  Kuhn, William 298

  Labouchere, Henry 254, 266

  Landseer, Edwin Henry 64, 67–68

  Lehzen, Baroness 23, 26, 29–30, 35, 45, 47, 52, 75–76, 84

  Leopold, Prince (uncle) 19, 21, 24, 31, 33–35, 45–47, 57–59, 70–72, 97, 109, 111, 164, 191

  Leopold (son) 77, 80–81, 122, 126–128, 183, 231–232, 288

  Liberals 4–5, 16, 47, 49–50, 53–56, 65, 72, 87, 90, 99, 101–102, 105, 115, 118, 145, 153–154, 156, 184, 195–197, 204, 209–210, 215, 217, 220, 225–226, 230–232, 235–238, 242, 246, 248–253, 260, 267, 269–273, 275, 300, 302–303

  Light Brigade 162–163

  London Protocol 1852 186

  Longford, Elizabeth 7

  Lords, House of 4, 16, 55, 69, 94, 101, 151, 188, 196, 210, 220, 235–237, 239, 249, 267–275, 306

  Louis, Prince of Hesse 177, 231, 233

  Louis Philippe 13, 97–98, 109–110, 155, 170, 214, 303

  Louise 77, 125, 127, 204, 294

  Mafeking 286–288

  Married Women’s Property Act 234

  Marriage Act 50

  Matrimonial Causes Act 147

  Melbourne, Lord 12, 39–44, 46–55, 57, 65, 69–72, 84, 87–89, 101, 184, 216–217, 249, 294

  Mendelssohn 133

  mines, coal 2, 90

  Munich, Adrienne 8

  Munshi see Karim

  Murphy, Paul Thomas 9

  Napoleon III, Louis 109, 155, 170, 212–214, 303

  Nightingale, Florence 162, 165, 297

  O’Connell, Daniel 94

  Opium wars 60–61

  Orsini, Felice 170–171

  Ottoman Empire 14–15, 58–59, 157–159, 172, 220–222, 224, 279–281

  Palmerston, Lord 9–10, 13–14, 48, 56–61, 98, 105–109, 111–115, 117–118, 145–147, 150–164, 167–173, 184–188, 190–191, 202, 303

  Parnell, Charles 238–240, 249, 252, 255

  Peel, Robert 12, 54–55, 84, 87–91, 96, 98–102, 196, 297, 302

  Peterloo 5, 91

  Phoenix Park murders 240

  Plunkett, John 8

  Ponsonby, Henry 10, 204, 214, 245, 247, 265

  Prussia 13, 57, 59, 97, 115–116, 136, 157, 185–189, 192–194, 211–213, 304

  Public Health Acts 148, 218

  Public Worship Regulation Act 219, 304

  railways 64, 90–91, 295

  Rappaport, Helen 9, 194

  Rebecca riots 93

  Redistribution Bill 236–237

  Reform Acts 43, 195, 230, 235–237, 304

  Rennel, Tony 9

  Republicanism 15–16, 56, 116, 195, 203–205, 234, 278, 300–301

  Rhodes James, Robert 10, 268, 274

  Rosebery, Lord 16, 216, 251, 266–267, 269–275

  Rothschild, Lionel 206, 219

  Royal Titles Bill 220

  Russia 14, 20, 44, 58–59, 97, 128, 136, 157–161, 164–165, 172, 186, 215, 220–224, 276, 280–282, 294

  Russell, Lord 12, 14, 29, 87, 96, 102, 104, 106, 108, 115, 145–146, 151–152, 154–157, 164, 172, 184, 191–194, 304

  Salisbury, Lord 16, 195, 230, 235, 237, 248–253, 255, 257, 260, 265, 267, 273, 275, 279–280, 282–283, 286, 302

  Schleswig-Holstein 184–187, 189, 213, 288, 304

  Scotland 66, 91, 97, 102, 124, 135, 182, 248, 271, 278, 305

  Scott, Sir Walter 6, 66

  Sebastopol 164

  secret ballot 50, 225

  Shelley, Percy Bysse 5–6

  slavery 3, 50–51, 98, 134

  Spain 97–98, 106, 111, 294

  Spanish marriages 106–107

  Stockmar, Baron 35, 45–46, 71, 128, 160

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher 134

  Strachey, Lytton 7, 36, 52

  Sudan 234, 245–248, 283, 305

  Suez Canal 206, 219, 243

  taxes 21, 89, 93, 137, 198, 207, 243, 271, 279, 284–285, 296–297

  Tel-el-Kabir 243

  Tennyson, Lord 64, 163, 231, 278

  Thompson, Dorothy 8, 183, 198

  Tory see Conservatives

  Transvaal 269, 284

  Treaty of Berlin 224

  Treaty of London 58–59

  Treaty of Paris 165

  Treaty of San Stefano 224

  Treaty of Villafranca 172

  Tsars 20, 58, 128, 142, 220, 223, 241, 281–282, 294

  Turkey see Ottoman Empire

  Turner, J. M. W. 6, 64

  United States of America 4, 6, 60, 98, 102, 190, 241, 295

  Van der Kiste, John 9

  Victoire, Princess see Duchess of Kent

  Victoria, Queen: birth of 9; childbirth 78–81; children see Victoria, Bertie, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, Beatrice; christening 19–20; coronation 40–42; Diamond Jubilee 276–279; foreign affairs 56–61, 97–102, 105–118, 149–173, 184–190, 192–195, 211–215, 219–226, 241–248, 279–288; Golden Jubilee 15, 255–256; historiography 6–10; Ireland 94–97, 102–104, 209–211, 237–241, 252–255, 267–269; leisure 65–69; marrying Albert 31–34, 70–74; marriages of children 133, 136–138, 177–178, 189–190, 204–205, 231; married life 74–77; motherhood 12–13, 77–84, 122–136; mourning 176–181; Royal Prerogative 42–44; succession 18–21; wedding to Albert 73–74

  Victoria (Vicky) 13, 77–79, 83, 122–124, 127, 130–132, 136–138, 177–178, 193, 232, 269, 277, 280, 293

  Webster-Ashburton Treaty 98

  Weintraub, Stanley 7

  Wellington, Duke of 54, 217

  Whigs see Conservatives

  Wilhelm II 142, 280, 285, 294

  William IV 18–19, 24–25, 29, 31–36, 183, 232

  Wilson, A. N. 7–8

  Wolseley, General 243, 246

  women 3, 5–6, 40, 48, 50, 65–66, 73–75, 77–79, 81–82, 90, 100, 103, 107, 134, 147, 165, 168–169, 183, 198, 207–208, 213–214, 221, 234–235, 254, 260, 280, 288, 294, 297–298

  Zulu wars 224–225