Putin's Kleptocracy_Who Owns Russia?

by Karen Dawisha

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  110. Michael Wines, “Yeltsin Swings His Ax. Then Retreats to His Hospital Bed,” New York Times, December 8, 1998, http://www.nytimes.com/1998/12/08/world/yeltsin-swings-his-ax-then-retreats-to-his-hospital-bed.html (accessed December 2, 2012).

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  117. Yekaterina Zapodinskaya, “Nesostoyavsheyesya ubiystvo Berezovskogo [The never-committed murder of Berezovskiy],” Kommersant, November 13, 1998, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/3760094 (accessed November 8, 2012).

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  119. Alexander Litvinenko, “Why I Believe Putin Wanted Me Dead,” Daily Mail on Sunday (UK), November 25, 2006, http://www.mailonsunday.co.uk/news/article-418652/Why-I-believe-Putin-wanted-dead-.html (accessed November 4, 2012).

  120. Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, 52.

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  122. La Prise Du Pouvoir par Vladimir Poutine [How Putin came to power].

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  124. Peter Truscott, Putin’s Progress (London: Pocket Books, 2005), 93.

  125. La Prise Du Pouvoir par Vladimir Poutine [How Putin came to power].

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  127. Yuriy Skuratov, Variant drakona [The Dragon Option] (Moscow: Detektiv-Press, 2000), 235.

  128. Skuratov, Variant drakona [The Dragon Option], 147.

  129. Leonov, “Krestnyy put’ Rossii, gody 1991–2000 [The way of the cross of Russia, 1991–2000],” 160.

  130. Jack, Inside Putin’s Russia, 83.

  131. Denis Babichenko, “Vladimir Putin stal dvazhdy silovikom [Vladimir Putin becomes silovik twice over],” Segodnya, March 30, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/2061161 (accessed June 1, 2012); Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, 51.

  132. “1990–2004: Khronologiya zakhvatov i vzryvov v Rossii [Chronology of hostage-takings and explosions in Russia],” BBC Russian Service, September 2, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_3621000/3621314.stm#6 (accessed August 11, 2012).

  133. Yevgeniy Krutikov, “Vzryv v bazarnyy chas [Explosion at market time],” Izvestiya, March 20, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/3172821 (accessed June 1, 2012).

  134. Celestine Bohlen, “Midday Bomb in Caucasus Market Kills 62 and Hurts 100,” New York Times, March 20, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/20/world/midday-bomb-in-caucasus-market-kills-62-and-hurts-100.html (accessed April 15, 2012).

  135. Lorrain, La Mystérieuse Ascension de Vladimir Poutine, 418.

  136. Sergey Pravosudov, “Sergey Stepashin: ‘Bloka OVR voobshche moglo i ne byt’ [’OVR bloc might not have been’],” Nezavisimaya gazeta, January 14, 2000, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/267285 (accessed January 2, 2013).

  137. Pravosudov, “Sergey Stepashin.”

  138. Barilleaux and Baumgartner, “Victims or Rogues?,” 281–99.

  139. Khinshteyn, “Okhota na ved’m [Witch hunt].”

  140. Anatoliy Stasovskiy, “27 Marta—den’ vnytrennikh voysk MVD Rossii [27 March—the day of Interior Forces of the Russian MVD],” Krasnaya zvezda, March 27, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/3348362 (accessed December 24, 2012).

  141. Yevgeniy Primakov, Vosem’ mesyatsev plyus [Seven months more] (Moscow: Mysl’, 2001), 204–5.

  142. Yuriy Shchekochikhin, “Nado perenosit’ prezidenta, a ne vybory: 13 Maya etogo goda v Rossii dolzhny byli [It’s necessary to support the president, not the elections: On 13 May of this year in Russia it might have been],” Novaya gazeta, July 5, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/3473000 (accessed March 5, 2012).

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  144. Dzhul’etto K’eza, “Terroristy tozhe raznyye [Terrorists are also varied],” Literaturnaya gazeta, June 16, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/9615 (accessed May 10, 2012).

  145. Dzhul’etto K’eza, Russkaya ruletka: Chto sluchitsya v mire, yesli Rossiya raspadetsya [Russian roulette: What happens in the world if Russia collapses] (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Prava cheloveka, 2000), 206–7.

  146. Yevgeniy Krutnikov, “Internal Affairs Ministry and Federal Security Service Divide Up North Caucasus ‘Field,’ ” Izvestiya, May 20, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/20079596 (accessed June 1, 2012).

  147. Yevgeniy Krutikov, “Za predstavitel’stvom MVD Ichkerii v Moskve stoit ‘Chechenskaya mafiya’[Internal Affairs Ministry mission for Ichkeria in Moscow is ‘Chechen mafia’],” Izvestiya, May 20, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/3174186 (accessed June 1, 2012).

  148. Putin et al., First Person, 139–43.

  149. Quiring, “Interview with Stanislav Belkovskiy.”

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  153. Ellen Barry, “Scathing Report Issued on Russian Lawyer’s Death,” New York Times, Decem-ber 28, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/29/world/europe/29russia.html?_r=0 (accessed August 25, 2013).

  154. Lyudmila Alekseyeva, “Letter to Aleksandr Bastrykin from the Moscow Helsinki Group,” Russian Untouchables.com, March 26, 2010, http://russian-untouchables.com/docs/Alekseyeva-Complaint-Eng29Mar2010.pdf (accessed June 8, 2013).

  155. U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Magnitsky Sanctions Listings,” April 12, 2013, http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/Pages/20130412.aspx (accessed June 7, 2013).

  156. Kremlin, “Kadrovyye izmeneniya v Ministerstve vnutrennikh del [Personnel changes in the Ministry of Internal Affairs],” June 11, 2011, http://kremlin.ru/acts/11536 (accessed November 15, 2012).

  157. Andrey Piontkovskiy, “Season of Discontent: Primakov Is Our Amazing Mediocrity,” Moscow Times, July 22, 1999, http://www.russialist.org/archives/3402.html (accessed August 5, 2012).

  158. Guardian interview with Gleb Pavlovskiy, January 2012, in Hill and Gaddy, Mr. Putin, 20.

  159. Baker and Glasser, Kremlin Rising, 51–52.

  160. Andrey V. Kolesnikov, Anatoliy Chubays: Biographiya [Anatoliy Chubays: A biography] (Moscow: Izdatel�
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  161. Brian Whitmore, “Sobchak Stages Flamboyant Return,” St. Petersburg Times, July 13, 1999, http://www.russialist.org/archives/3393.html (accessed August 15, 2012).

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  164. Dmitriy Volchek, “Neozhidannoye razvitiye dela rassledovanii obstoytel’stv smerti Anatoliya Sobchaka [Unexpected development in the investigation into the cause of death of Anatoliy Sobchak],” Radio Liberty, July 30, 2000, http://sobchak.org/rus/main.php3?fp=f02110200_fl000260 (accessed March 26, 2013).

  165. Vaksburg, Toxic Politics, 180.

  166. Nikolay Vardul’, “Zhukov uspel ne srabotat’sya s Aksenenko [Zhukov didn’t have time to work with Aksenenko],” Kommersant, May 21, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/3768627 (accessed December 1, 2012).

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  168. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, 290.

  169. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, 294–95.

  170. Aleksandr Zhilin, “Burya v Moskve [Storm in Moscow],” Moskovskaya pravda, July 22, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/210398 (accessed March 3, 2012).

  171. Aleksandr Zhilin, “Opasnyye igry v kremlevskikh zastenkakh [Dangerous games in the Kremlin torture chambers],” Moskovskaya pravda, August 25, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/211578 (accessed March 13, 2012).

  172. Zhilin, “Opasnyye igry v kremlevskikh zastenkakh [Dangerous games in the Kremlin torture chambers].”

  173. Mark A. Smith, A Russian Chronology July–September 1999 (London: Ministry of Defense, Conflict Studies Research Centre, 1999), 31.

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  177. Gessen, The Man without a Face, 20.

  178. “ ‘Tayna’ otstavki S. Zvereva [The ‘secret’ of the resignation of S. Zvereva],” SPB Vedomosti, August 5, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/2179788 (accessed January 17, 2013).

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  180. Yelena Dikun, “Zverev ne ugovoril Voloshina podat’ v otstavku [Zverev didn’t talk Voloshin into resigning],” Obshchaya gazeta, August 5, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/3562283 (accessed January 17, 2012).

  181. Vasiliy Ustyuzhanin, “Sergey Zverev: Moyo pis’mo prezidenty rano ili posdno ‘vystrelit’ [My letter to the president sooner or later will hit its mark],” Komsomol’skaya pravda, August 5, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/3254802 (accessed January 17, 2012).

  182. “Moskovskiye vzryvy gotovilis’ v Kremle? [Were Moscow explosions prepared in the Kremlin?],” Moskovskiy Komsomolets, September 14, 1999, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/108572 (accessed June 3, 2013).

  183. Boris Kagarlitskiy, “S terroristami ne razgovarivaem: No pomogayem? [With terrorists we don’t negotiate: But do we help them?],” Novaya gazeta, January 24, 2000, http://old.novayagazeta.ru/data/2000/5/08.html (accessed Januray 6, 2013).

  184. John Dunlop, The Moscow Bombings of September 1999: Examinations of Russian Terrorist Attacks at the Onset of Vladimir Putin’s Rule (Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag, 2012), 70–71.

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  186. Smith, A Russian Chronology July–September 1999, 30.

  187. Boris Karpov, Vnutrenniye voyska: Kavkazskiy krest-2 [Internal Forces: The Caucasian Cross 2] (Moscow: Delovoy ekspress, 2000), 47.

  188. Bakhtiyar Akhmedkhanov, “Voyna po obe storony gory [War on both sides of the mountain],” Vremya MN, August 1, 2003, http://dlib.eastview.com/sources/article.jsp?id=5146351 (accessed August 4, 2012).

  189. “Chechen Deputy Premier’s Death in Prison Confirmed,” RFE/RL Newsline, August 23, 2002, http://www.hri.org/news/balkans/rferl/2002/02-08-23.rferl.html (accessed June 3, 2013); “Chechen Field Commander Says He Gave Putin Advance Warning of Invasion of Dagestan,” RFE/RL Newsline, November 29, 2001, http://www.hri.org/news/balkans/rferl/2001/01-11-29.rferl.html#28 (accessed June 8, 2013).

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  191. “Text of President Yeltsin’s Speech,” BBC, August 9, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/415278.stm (accessed March 15, 2012).

  192. “Stepashin’s Statement to Government,” BBC, August 9, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/415134.stm (accessed March 15, 2012).

  193. Elena Tregubova, Bayki Kremlyevskogo diggera [Tales of a Kremlin digger] (Moscow: Izdatel’stvo Ad Marginem, 2003), section 9.7; Andrey V. Kolesnikov, “The Unknown Chubays: Putin Dislikes but Values Him,” Moscow News, November 12, 2003, http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/5535195 (accessed July 21, 2012); Kolesnikov, Anatoliy Chubays, 182–83.

  194. Yel’tsin, Prezidentskiy Marafon [Presidential marathon], 356.

  195. Yel’tsin, Prezidentskiy Marafon [Presidential marathon], 381–82.

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  197. “Russian Duma Confirms Putin as Prime Minister,” CNN, August 16, 1999, http://articles.cnn.com/1999-08-16/world/9908_16_russia.putin.03_1_dagestan-conflict-duma-members-233to84?_s=PM:WORLD (accessed August 9, 2012).

  198. “Primakov to Head New Russian Bloc,” BBC, August 17, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/422813.stm (accessed May 12, 2012).

  199. Yelena Masyuk, “Gleb Pavlovskiy: ‘What Putin Is Most Afraid of Is to Be Left Out,’ ” Novaya gazeta, November 6, 2012, http://en.novayagazeta.ru/politics/55288.html?print=1 (accessed January 8, 2013).

  200. Orth, “Russia’s Dark Master”; Yevgeniya Al’bats, “Gleb Pavlovskiy: Privychka k obozhaniyu u Putina voznikla ran’she [Gleb Pavlovskiy: The habit of adoration of Putin arose earlier],” New Times, March 26, 2012, http://www.newtimes.ru/articles/print/51401/ (accessed August 5, 2012).

  201. Gessen, The Man without a Face, 20.

  202. Ben Judah, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013), 27.

  203. Ivanitskiy, “Operatsiya ‘XX Trest’ [Operation Twentieth Trust].”

  204. Serrano and Montánchez, “Los Viajes Secretos de Putin a Sotogrande [The Secret Travels of Putin to Sotogrande].”

  205. Tremlett, “Leader’s Secret Holidays to Spain.”

  206. Serrano and Montánchez, “Los Viajes Secretos de Putin a Sotogrande [The Secret Travels of Putin to Sotogrande].”

  207. Zykov, “Case #144128: ‘Putin’s Case,’ Part 4”; Mukhin, “Byvshiy sledovatel’ po osobo vazhnym delam Andrey Zykov [Former investigator for especially important cases Andrey Zykov].”

  208. Ivanitskiy, “Operatsiya ‘XX Trest’ [Operation Twentieth Trust].”

  209. Karen Dawisha, “Vladislav Surkov,” in Stephen M. Norris and Willard Sunderland, eds., Russia’s People of Empire (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2012), 339–51.

  210. “Russia’s ‘Grey Cardinal’ Given Social Policy Job,” Russia Briefing, January 12, 2012, http://russia-briefing.com/news/russias-grey-cardinal-given-social-policy-job.html/ (accessed August 4, 2012).

  211. Yakhno, “Noch’ chekista [Night of a Checkist].”

  212. “Eshchyo odna slyzhba okhrany? [Another security service?],” Argumenty Nedeli, August 15, 2013, http://argumenti.ru/politics/n401/275839 (accessed August 25, 2013).

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  214. “Russia Mourns Blast Victims,” BBC, September 9, 1999, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/443161.stm (accessed May 9, 2012).

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  218. Michael Gordon, “Another Bombing Kills 18 in Russia,” New York Times, September 17, 1999, http://www.nytimes.com/1999/09/17/world/another-bombing-kills-18-in-russia.html (accessed May 10, 2012); “1990–2004: Khronologiya zakhvatov i vzryvov v Rossii [Chronology of hostage-takings and explosions in Russia].”

  219. Dunlop, The Moscow Bombings of September 1999; Satter, Darkness at Dawn; Felshtinskiy and Pribylovskiy, The Age of Assassins.

  220. Gordon, “Another Bombing Kills 18 in Russia.”

  221. Leonov, “Krestnyy put’ Rossii, gody 1991–2000 [The way of the cross of Russia, 1991–2000].”

  222. Gessen, The Man without a Face, 26.

  223. Gessen, The Man without a Face, 26.

  224. Paul Starobin, “The Accidental Autocrat,” Atlantic Monthly, March 2005; Vladimir Putin, “V Sortire zamochim! [We will wipe them out in the outhouse],” Youtube, September 23, 1999. http://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=Putin+and+%22v+sortire+zamochim%22 (accessed May 8, 2012).

  225. Yelena Yevstigneyeva, “Kabinet ministrov zanyalsya ekonomikoy [The Cabinet of Ministers concerns itself with economics],” Nezavisimaya gazeta, September 24, 1999, http://www.ng.ru/politics/1999-09-24/kabinet.html (accessed August 17, 2012).

  226. Raymond Bonner, “Activity at Bank Raises Suspicions of Russia Mob Tie,” New York Times, August 19, 1999, http://femch.s5.com/52.html#524 (accessed March 18, 2012).

  227. J. Michael Waller, “Gore’s Embrace,” Insight 15, no. 36 (September 27, 1999), https://global.factiva.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/ha/default.aspx#./!?&_suid=140528251772808450485207140446.