Putin's Kleptocracy_Who Owns Russia?
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New Times, 145n, 147, 150, 258, 302
New York City, 321
New York Times, 18, 69, 72, 185
Nezavisimaya gazeta, 238, 251
Nigeria, 316–17
Nightline, 38
Nikeshin, Sergey, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151
Nikitinskiy, Leonid, 77
Nikolayev, Yuriy, 65n, 66n
Nizhniy Novgorod, 243, 245
Nord-Ost hostage crisis, 60n, 122n
Nord Stream, 32, 56, 141, 314
Norilsk Nickel, 72, 277
North Caucasus, 190–91, 194, 202–3, 246
North Korea, 34
North Ossetia, 246, 346
Northwestern Center of the Federal Directorate for Currency and Export Control of Russia, 129
Novatek, 329
Novaya gazeta, 14n, 27, 68, 75n, 88, 91, 104, 107n, 128, 137, 140n, 143, 145n, 146, 147, 147n, 148, 171, 177, 180–81, 192, 206, 213–14, 216, 217, 259, 279–80, 293, 315
Novgorod, 238
Novodvorskaya, Valeriya, 258–59
NPP Quark, 66n, 67
NTV, 196, 259, 261–62, 262, 264, 274, 276–77, 286, 288, 292–93
nuclear power, 140, 183
nuclear weapons, 347n
Nurgaliyev, Rashid, 78, 184
Obama, Barack, 6, 64, 326
Obshchaya gazeta, 257–58, 262, 273
Odessa, 347–48
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), 284, 301n, 319
Ogonek, 112n
oil industry, 2, 8, 15–16, 33, 68, 110, 113, 114, 234, 282, 310–11, 314, 318, 321–23, 335, 344
Gunvor, 6, 68, 111–16
Kirishinefteorgsintez refinery (Kinef), 68, 111, 113, 114
Rosneft, 55n, 56, 112, 165, 282n, 324, 325, 332, 337, 344
Statoil, 325n
Yukos, 5–6, 55, 78, 101, 112, 285, 324, 326, 332
Oktyabrsk Port, Ukraine, 347
oligarchs, 238, 270–71, 277
Putin and, 262–65, 268–69, 277–80, 289, 290, 294–95, 297, 304–5, 307–8, 312
Yel’tsin and, 277, 278, 281, 295, 332
Olson, Mancur, 9
Olympia, 101n, 279–80
omerta, 335
“Open Letter to the Voters” (Putin), 236, 269
Operation Luch, 42, 43–44, 46–47, 57
Operation Progress, 44
Operation ‘Storm in Moscow,’ 198, 208
Operation Troika, 68, 130
Ordeshook, Peter, 246
Oreshkin, Dmitriy, 315
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 284, 301n, 319
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), 228, 241
organized crime, 13–15, 26, 30–31, 37, 38–39, 63, 67–68, 69, 82, 98, 136, 142, 144, 146, 157–58, 160, 187
KGB and, 158
Malyshev organization, 127, 128, 130, 142
Perm organization, 127
Petersburg Fuel Company (PTK) and, 141–45
in St. Petersburg, 82, 83, 106, 128–32, 206, 257, 346
St. Petersburg Real Estate Holding Company and, 140
siloviki and, 79
Tambov criminal organization, 13, 67, 69, 70, 73, 79, 105, 106, 127, 128, 134, 135, 165, 178
Petersburg Fuel Company (PTK) and, 142–45
ORT, 204, 227, 242, 261, 280, 289–93
Ossetia, 246, 345–46
Ostankino television tower, 288
Otechestvo (Fatherland) Party, 191, 193
Our Home Is Russia Party, 163, 176, 206
Ovchinnikov, Vyacheslav, 191, 200
Ozero Dacha Consumer Cooperative, 3, 48, 65, 66, 67, 80, 88–90, 94–99, 113–14, 116, 119, 120, 136, 141, 143, 144, 150, 157, 164, 165, 179, 283, 285, 295, 305, 333
founding registration document of, 96
Putin’s dacha at, 95, 98, 164, 240
País, 197n
Pakhomov, A. P., 108
Palmer, Richard L., 17–18, 22n, 27, 32
Panfilov, Oleg, 277
Pannikov, Andrey, 114
Paris Club, 277
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), 227, 231n, 242–43, 249, 250, 275n, 343
Party of Economic Freedom, 226n
Party of National Freedom, 125
Patarkatsishvili, Arkadiy “Badri”, 65n, 263–64, 290–92
Patent Cooperation Treaty, 315
patents, 315
patriotism, 233, 257
Patrushev, Dmitriy, 337n
Patrushev, Nikolay, 71–72, 73, 138, 183–84, 199, 213, 215, 235, 287, 337n
Pavlov, Georgiy, 24n
Pavlovskiy, Gleb, 9–10, 34, 196, 203–4, 207, 236, 261, 267, 268, 286, 288
Pelevin, Viktor, 263n
PEN Club, 204
perestroika, 16, 27, 35n, 45, 165n
Perm criminal organization, 127
Perm oblast’, 345
Perumov, Pyotr, 79
Peskov, Dmitriy, 117
Petersburg Fuel Company (PTK) (Peterburgskaya Toplivnaya Kompaniya; PTK), 67, 98
Peter the Great business center, 148–50
Petrodin, 128, 129n
Petromed, 3, 89–90, 101n, 295–96, 299, 302–3, 304
Petrov, Gennadiy, 13–14, 15, 67–68, 69, 75n, 128–31, 129n, 143–44, 169, 179
Petrov, Nikolay, 246
Philippines, 18
PhosAgro, 101
Pietsch, Irene, 41, 53, 55, 105, 110–11
Pinochet, Augusto, 33
Piontkovskiy, Andrey, 85, 335
Piter Information and Legal Office, 143
piterskiy echelon, 183
pleonexia, 10
Poland, 44, 45
Politburo, 21, 24n
Political Council, 252n
political rights, 320
political technologies, 250
Politkovskaya, Anna, 122n, 349
Polomarchuk, Valeriy, 127
Poltavchenko, Georgiy, 270
Poltoranin, Mikhayl, 172
ponyatiya, understandings, 8, 38
Pope, Edmund, 311
Popov, Gavriil, 30
Potanin, Vladimir, 72, 156, 277
Powers, Gary, 59n
power vertical, 2, 9, 12, 269–73, 286, 288, 293, 349
pravovoe gosudarstvo, 333
Presidential Administration of Russia, 2, 37, 39
presidential elections of 2000, 224, 235–37
balloting and, 243
fraud and, 243–50
media and, 242–43
Putin’s campaign in, 266
Putin’s use of state resources and, 241–42
Putin’s victory in, 3, 9, 10, 237–51
presidential elections of 2012, 3
Presidential Property Management Department (PPMD), 56, 64, 88, 102, 116, 129, 131, 140, 188
growth of, 89n
Putin at, 56, 58, 99, 165–74, 188
Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, 19
press, see media
Pribylovskiy, Vladimir, 63–66, 117, 179
PricewaterhouseCoopers, 284
Primakov, Yevgeniy, 185–93, 196, 198, 203, 204, 206, 209, 211, 225–28, 232, 260, 262
Primorskiy Krai, 269n
prisoner’s dilemma, 349
Private Eye, 113
privatization, 39, 63, 75, 113, 165n, 179, 194, 305, 323
loans for shares, 262
Procter & Gamble (P&G), 82
Procurator General’s Office, 153
Promeksport, 58, 169
Promstroybank, 86
Proshkin, Leonid, 152
PTK, see Petersburg Fuel Company
Pulikovskiy, Konstantin, 270
Purgaz, 284
Pussy Riot, 91, 318
Putin, Igor, 337n
Putin, Mikhayl, 337n
Putin, Vladimir:
as acting president, 223, 233–35, 256–62, 293
in active reserves, 29
administrative resources illegally used by, 241–42
&nb
sp; analysis of word clouds in speeches of, 272
autobiography of (First Person), 66, 68–69, 71, 122–23, 126, 161, 165–66, 174, 176, 194, 235, 251–52, 257
Baltik-Eskort and, 74, 76, 131–32, 235
bribery and, 65n, 125, 154, 294
in car accident which killed child, 180–81
circle of, 2–3, 4–5, 8, 36–103, 164, 165, 295, 304–5, 312
as Committee for Foreign Liaison (KVS; Committee of Foreign Economic Relations, or External Relations; CFER) head , 19–20, 48, 64, 65n, 66, 76, 80–84, 89, 90, 94, 105, 109–10, 112, 114, 116–19, 123, 124, 127–29, 133, 134, 145, 158–60, 164, 174, 187, 279, 296, 326, 330
in Dresden, 39, 40, 42–43, 49n, 51–53, 56–58, 59, 60, 82, 117, 337
economic policy of, 264–65
Federal Assembly address of, 272, 275
as Federal Security Service (FSB) director, 18, 19n, 35, 60n, 71, 85, 146, 159, 182–90, 194, 205, 206, 223, 312
federal units and, 269–70
Federation Council and, 271
fire at dacha of, 95, 165
as First Deputy Chief of Presidential Staff in charge of regions, 181–82
first hundred days of, and their consequences, 12, 266–312
food scandal and, 68, 84–85, 98, 106–25, 257, 293, 306
gambling industry and, 106, 126–32
Gazprom and, 6, 66, 70, 88, 93, 119, 239–40, 280–85, 326–31
German period of, 40–43, 46–59, 82, 117
Gunvor and, 6, 111–16
identification with Kremlin, 266–67, 268
image building of, 204, 206, 235–36, 286
investigations into corruption and criminal activity of, 18, 104–6, 113, 115, 118, 120, 123, 140, 141, 145, 151–52, 163, 175, 195, 293–94, 306, 312
in KGB, 3, 5, 10, 16, 29, 34, 39–63, 66–67, 71, 82, 86, 158, 159, 196, 251–52, 340–41
kleptocratic regime of, 4, 6, 12, 36, 37–38, 313, 331–40, 348–50
Kursk submarine disaster and, 285–89, 308
in Leningrad, 39, 40, 59, 61–62, 71
as Main Control Directorate chief, 174–81
media and, 242–43, 256–62, 268, 273–77, 288–90, 293, 304, 306–7, 308, 312
Millennial Address of, 223
in Moscow, 39, 163–223
oligarchs and, 262–65, 268–69, 277–80, 289, 290, 294–95, 297, 304–5, 307–8, 312
“Open Letter to the Voters,” 236, 269
organized crime and, 128–32
“Palace” of, 3, 48, 88, 89, 90, 101n, 102, 295, 296, 301, 303–4
Petersburg Fuel Company (PTK) and, 106, 141–45
photographs of, 41, 50, 54, 92, 282, 307, 341
Presidential Administration appointees of, 234, 235
presidential campaigns of, 101
presidential election victory of 2000, 3, 9, 10, 237–51
presidential election victory of 2012, 3, 317
presidential inauguration of 2000, 251, 252, 264, 266–69, 292–93, 304
presidential inauguration of 2012, 141, 310
at Presidential Property Management, 56, 58, 99, 165–74, 188
as presidential successor to Yel’tsin, 198–99, 201, 203–4, 225
as prime minister, 18, 72, 185, 190, 197, 198, 201–23, 224–32
prosecutions avoided by, 293–94, 306
Reform of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation and, 224, 251–56, 272, 273, 276, 293, 306–7
relatives of, 337n
residences of, 10, 95, 98, 164, 165, 179, 240, 241, 307
rise of, 5, 11, 224, 293
“Russia at the Turn of the Millennium,” 233–34, 251
in St. Petersburg administration, 39, 80–91, 94, 100, 103, 104–62, 163–64, 167, 257, 267, 293, 295, 305, 312, 337, 348
St. Petersburg Real Estate Holding Company (SPAG) and, 5, 98, 106, 116, 132–41, 161, 239, 293, 308
sanctions against those close to, 4, 64, 68, 70, 71, 74, 81, 87, 91, 92, 94, 111, 115–16, 340, 348
as Secretary of the Kremlin Security Council, 190, 192
Security Council address of, 234
siloviki and, 8, 54, 71–80, 84, 129
and Sobchak criminal case, 152–53
State Council announced by, 272–73
travels of, 104–5, 146–47, 204–6
tribute system and, 4, 38–39, 75, 77–78, 302, 304
Twentieth Trust and, 95, 106, 145–52, 293
United Nations and, 308
vertical of power of, 2, 9, 12, 269–73, 286, 288, 293, 349
watches owned by, 10, 51
wealth and luxury items of, 6n, 10, 102, 127n
Western intelligence and, 5
yacht of, 101n, 102, 279–80
Putin Revolution, 235
Putin’s Palace, 3, 48, 88, 89, 90, 101n, 102, 295, 296, 301, 303–4
Putina, Ekaterina, 55
Putina, Lyudmila, 41, 41, 53, 55, 76n, 105, 110, 154, 155–56, 164, 179–80, 240
Putina, Maria, 55, 69
Putina, Vera, 337n
Quark NPP, 66n, 67
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 125, 148, 175, 239, 257
Rahimov, Dzhangir, 117
Rahimov, Ilham, 117, 124
Rahr, Alexander, 40
Railways Ministry, 241
Rakhimov, Murtaza, 271
Razón, 205–6
Rechtsstaat, 333
Red Army Faction (RAF), 49
Reddaway, Peter, 76
Reform of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, 224, 251–56, 272, 273, 276, 293, 306–7, 324
Renaissance, 153
rentier states, 321–22
Republican Party, 226n
resource curse, 322
Reuters, 298, 304
Reyman, Leonid, 14, 130, 144n, 154–55, 156–57, 164–65, 184, 235
Reznik, Vladislav, 13–14, 64, 69–70, 75n, 83, 101, 130, 142, 144n, 179
Rif-Security, 136, 165
Ritter, Rudolf, 132, 135, 138–39, 140
Ritz Hotel, 156
Robotron, 48
Roldugin, Sergey, 68–69
Rollins International, 299, 301–2
Romanovich, Vladimir, 215, 216
Rose, Richard, 232n
Rosgosstrakh, 144n
Rosinvest, 301, 304n
RosModulStroy, 304
Rosneft, 55n, 56, 112, 165, 282n, 324, 325, 332, 337, 344
Rosoboroneksport, 58, 169, 348
Rossiyskaya gazeta, 247, 263
RosUkrEnergo (RUE), 32, 327–28, 329
Rotenberg, Arkadiy, 92–94, 92, 101, 315, 340n
connection with Putin, board memberships, and net worth or compensation of, 339
Rotenberg, Boris, 92–94, 101, 315, 340n
connection with Putin, board memberships, and net worth or compensation of, 339
Roth, Jürgen, 134, 135
Rozhdestvenskiy, Dmitriy, 179, 180
RTR, 261
RuLeaks.net, 296n
rule of law, 160, 305, 307
Rus’, 64, 83, 142
Rusal, 56, 263
RusEnergy, 326
Rushaylo, Vladimir, 199, 200, 212
Russia:
anthem of, 311–12
books on, 6–7
capital flight from, 1, 15–33, 35, 333, 342
capitalism in, 52–53, 264, 335
crony, 265, 296
corruption in, see corruption
democracy in, 6–9, 11, 160, 236–37, 264, 272, 320, 334, 343
Putin’s plan to undermine, 224
economy of, 264, 272, 278, 337
corruption and, 313–25
financial crisis of 1998, 185
financial crisis of 2008, 303, 332
planned vs. market, 34
Putin’s policy for, 264–65
elections in, see elections
emigration from, 315
freedoms eroded in, 2
income disparity in, 37, 103, 321
media in, see media
symbols of, 310, 312
three paths for, 334
Wild West period in, 17
“Russia at the Turn of the Millennium” (Putin), 233–34, 251
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 43, 115n, 335
Russian Agricultural Banks, 337n
Russian Committee for Precious Gems and Metals, 20
Russian Constitution, 2, 234, 236, 237n, 238, 270, 323
Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency, 116
Russian Football Union, 98
Russian Information Center, 236
Russian Justice Ministry, 269n
Russian Parliament, 31–33, 37
Russian Railways, 99, 283, 325, 333
Russian Supreme Soviet, see Supreme Soviet of Russia
Russia’s Voice, 226n
Russkiy Kur’er, 78
Russkoye Video, 64, 69, 179–80
Rutskoy, Aleksandr, 111
Rwanda, 314
Ryabov, Andrey, 241
Ryazan bombing, 208, 212–23, 259–62
Rybakov, Yuliy, 73, 215, 216
Rybkin, Ivan, 115
Ryzhkov, Nikolay, 33
Ryzhkov, Vladimir, 102, 125
Saakashvili, Mikheil, 291n, 345–46
Sabadash, Aleksandr, 75–76, 79
Saddam Hussein, 18, 28n, 222, 239n
St. Petersburg, 31, 38, 39, 48, 53, 54, 55n, 58, 62n, 65, 65n, 66, 68–70, 72–74, 77, 162, 195, 235, 282
Association of Joint Ventures, 88
Baltik-Eskort in, 74, 76, 77, 127–28, 131–32
Bank Rossiya and, see Bank Rossiya
Committee for Foreign Liaison, see Committee for Foreign Liaison
food scandal in, 68, 84–85, 98, 106–25, 257, 293, 306
gambling industry in, 106, 126–32
Mayor’s Contingency Fund, 83, 94, 98, 106, 109, 125, 151, 206
money flow in, 149, 151
organized crime in, 82, 83, 106, 128–32, 206, 257, 346
Putin in administration of, 39, 80–91, 94, 100, 103, 104–62, 163–64, 167, 257, 267, 293, 295, 305, 312, 337, 348
Sobchak in, see Sobchak, Anatoliy
Twentieth Trust and, 95, 106, 145–52, 293
World Trade Center, 64
St. Petersburg Association of Joint Ventures, 129
St. Petersburg Economic Forum, 340
Putin and, 106, 141–45
St. Petersburg Real Estate Holding Company (SPAG), 152–53, 308
Inform-Future, 134, 136
Putin and, 5, 98, 106, 116, 132–41, 161, 239, 293
Znamenskaya, 134, 136–37
St. Petersburg State University, 260
St. Petersburg Times, 135
Sakharov, Andrey, 73
Saliy, Aleksandr, 249–50
SALT II, 310
Sal’ye, Marina, 90, 107–8, 120–22, 123, 125, 175, 293
death of, 125, 293
interview with Ekho Moskvy, 256–57
Sal’ye Commission, 68, 108, 114, 117, 118, 124, 134, 164, 175