The Impeachers
Page 49
Johnson served: On the paving of the streets see Trefousse, Andrew Johnson, p. 70.
Later, one of his favorite books: see “Andrew Johnson Collection,” Catalogue of Sale (NY: Anderson Galleries, Inc., 1919), pp. 50–51.
“Party, to him, as to most politicians”: Temple, Notable Men of Tennessee, p. 380.
“he is very vindictive and perverse”: Quaife (ed.), Diary of James Polk During His Presidency, vol. 4, p. 264.
“plebeian origins”: Craven, Prison Life of Jefferson Davis, p. 262.
“had no sense of humor,”: Turner, “Recollections of Andrew Johnson,” Harper’s, p. 169.
“lacked the luster”: Cowan, Reminiscences of Andrew Johnson, p. 6.
“Cato was a man who would not compromise”: see Moore, Feb. 16, 1868, p. 87.
“from as mean a family”: see Trefousse, Andrew Johnson, p. 52.
When vilified as an atheist: see Winston, Andrew Johnson, p. 65.
“faith”: p. 215, CG: 1, July 27, 1861, p. 29.
“The passion of his life”: Temple, Notable Men of Tennessee, p. 452.
A clairvoyant had whispered: See Trefousse, Andrew Johnson, pp. 123–24.
Johnson just raised his voice louder and kept talking: Temple, East Tennessee, pp. 185–86.
“My wife and children have been turned,”: CG 37: 2, Jan. 31, 1862, p. 587.
“Let Andrew Johnson beware,”: quoted in “A Pleasing Invitation,” New York Evening Post, April 11, 1862, p. 3, quoting Memphis Daily Appeal, March 19, 1862, p. 1.
By spring, he was boasting: see PAJ 5: 445–46.
“I hardly ever got my hands”: quoted in Beard, Nashville: The Home of History Makers, p. 63. See also Hardison, In the Toils of War, pp. 98–101, 116.
“The bare sight of fifty thousand”: Abraham Lincoln to AJ, March 16, 1863, LC.
“Damn the negroes,”: quoted in Palmer, Personal Recollections, p. 127.
free blacks: see CG 36: 1, Dec. 12, 1859, pp. 319–21.
“If you persist”: AJ, Rally, July 4, 1862, PAJ 5: 536.
“sometimes exhibited a morbid”: William G. Moore, diary, April 9, 1868, LC.
“In my opinion”: Abraham Lincoln to AJ, March 26, 1863, PAJ 6: 194.
“that the negro race is equal to the Anglo-Saxon”: Jan. 8, 1864, PAJ 6: 582.
On his way home from church: “Statement of Armstead Lewis,” OR series 3, vol. 3, p. 841.
“colored men here are treated like brutes,”: George Stearns to Edwin Stanton, Sept. 25, 1863, OR series 3, vol. 3, p. 840.
“The theoretical, philosophical”: Dana, Recollections, p. 106.
“either drunk or recovering”: Turner, “Recollections of Andrew Johnson,” p. 175.
Charles Sumner remembered: see Annie Fields diary (November, 1865) quoted in Memories of a Hostess: a Chronicle of Eminent Friendships, ed. Howe, p. 312.
“The Governor had ‘his infirmities’ ”: quoted in Schurz, Reminiscences, p. 95.
“he never got too drunk”: quoted in Winston, Andrew Johnson, p. 104.
“he never drank a cocktail”: Truman, “Anecdotes of Andrew Johnson,” p. 438.
“I have known Andy”: quoted in McCulloch, Men and Measures, p. 373.
“Drunk as a fool”: William Prime to Samuel L. M. Barlow, March 7, 1865, Barlow papers, Huntington.
The Blair family bundled: see David Hitchcock to Frank P. Blair, Jr., nd, LC.
“I regret the President’s illness very much”: Montgomery Blair to S.M.L. Barlow, Aug. 3, 1865, Barlow papers, Huntington.
The word was that he’d been drunk: see for example Bergeron, “Robert Johnson: The President’s Troubled and Troubling Son,” p. 1.
“I have said and now repeat”: AJ to RJ, Nov. 21, 1863, PAJ 6: 485.
“The intoxicating bowl goes to my lips no more,”: RJ to AJ, Feb. 14, 1864, PAJ 6: 620.
Men and women: On prostitutes in the White House, see Norman B. Judd to Lyman Trumbull, Feb. 14, 1866, LC.
“faithful among the faithless”: Charles Sumner, “Our Domestic Relations,” p. 521.
John Nicolay and John Hay: also agreeing that Lincoln did not tip the scales is Fehrenbacher, “The Making of a Myth: Lincoln and the Vice Presidential Nomination in 1864,” 273–90; see also Glonek, “Lincoln, Johnson, and the Baltimore Ticket,” 255–71; and Hamlin, The Life and Times of Hannibal Hamlin, pp. 461–89, 591–615.
“Andy Johnson, I think, is a good man,”: quoted in Brooks, “Two War-Time Conventions,” p. 723.
Reportedly, he asked journalist John Forney: see Forney, Anecdotes of Public Men, vol. 1, p. 167 “from the President’s own lips,” Dittenhoefer, How We Re-Elected Lincoln, p. 89.
“I know it to be a fact that Mr. Lincoln”: quoted in McClure, Lincoln and Men of War Times, p. 467.
“I have battled against Andrew Johnson”: Johnson, ed. Proceedings of the First Three Republican National Conventions, 1856, 1860, and 1864, pp. 188–89.
“Seward men”: see for instance, “The Presidency,” New York Herald, June 9, 1864, p. 5.
“Can’t you find a candidate”: quoted in McClure, Abraham Lincoln and Men of War Times, p. 260.
“The age of statesmen is gone,”: quoted in Waugh, Reelecting Lincoln: The Battle for the 1864 Presidency, p. 202.
“Let the war for the Union go on”: quoted in Savage, The Life and Public Services of Andrew Johnson, Seventeenth President, p. 297.
“make something for themselves”: see AJ, speech near Gallatin, July 19, 1864, PAJ 7: 41–42.
“Looking over this vast crowd…peace.”: Oct. 24, 1864, PAJ 7: 251.
Johnson did not specify: for the location of Canaan, see James R. Doolittle to AJ, Sept. 9, 1865, WHS. Frank Blair, Jr., had made the same suggestion.
CHAPTER FIVE: THE SOUTH VICTORIOUS
A few miles north: see “Let Us Clearly Understand Each Other,” New-York Tribune, June 30, 1865, p. 4.
“The white people tell”: quoted in Schurz, Report on the Condition of the South, p. 21.
Near Hilton Head: see Albert G. Browne to Wendell Phillips, Sept. 17, 1865, Houghton.
“What most men mean”: Thomas Wentworth Higginson, “Too Many Compliments,” The Independent (Oct. 26, 1865), p. 4.
A black woman, pregnant: see Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, at the First Session, Thirty-ninth Congress, Feb. 23, 1866, p. 105.
in Andersonville: see Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, at the First Session, Thirty-ninth Congress, Feb. 23, 1866, p. 103.
“he was going to kill”: August 20, 1865, BRFA, Microfilm M1027, roll 34.
“apparently for the fun of the thing,”: Trowbridge, A Picture of the Desolated States, p. 468.
“These negro-shooters…stand that.”: Trowbridge, A Picture of the Desolated States, p. 464.
A black soldier: Freedmen’s Bureau, “Freedmen’s Bureau Journal, 1865,” Oct. 13, 1865, Swem Library Digital Projects, http: //scrcdigital.swem.wm.edu/items/show/1264.
“if you take away the military: see Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, at the First Session, Thirty-ninth Congress, Feb. 5, 1866, p. 121.
“They will be in a much worse”: Adelbert Ames to Martha and Jesse Ames, Sept. 6, 1865, Smith.
“seizing upon isolated instances”: “Injustice to the South,” Daily Clarion (Meridian, Miss.), Aug. 23, 1865, p. 2.
“People had not got over regarding”: Reid, After the War, pp. 420–22.
“sensation letter-writers”: see n. 3, Sept. 11, 1865, PAJ 9: 68.
“The ‘situation’ ”: quoted in E. P. Brooks, “North Carolina: The Condition of Affairs,” New York Times, Sept. 8, 1865, p. 1; “there are malcontent”: William Holden to AJ, Aug. 26, 1865, PAJ 8:
660.
“Conflict of races”: see James A. Seddon to AJ, June 22, 1865, PAJ 8: 272.
“old order of things”: see Michael Cunningham to AJ, June 22, 1865, PAJ 8: 270.
In Richmond: For the account of what happened in Richmond, I have relied on “The Richmond Freedmen: Oppression of the Negress—An Outrageous Order—Blacks Imprisoned by Hundreds,” New-York Tribune (June 15, 1865), p. 1, and “The Late Reign of Terror in Richmond: Letter From Rev. Dr. Pierson to Rev. Dr. Tyng. Statement of Albert Brooks,” The Independent (July 13, 1865), p. 1.
“our old masters have become our enemies”: “From Committee of Richmond Blacks,” June 10, 1865, PAJ 8: 211; 213.
“their woolly heads”: quoted in “The Richmond Negroes,” Detroit Free Press, June 26, 1865, p. 1.
“unjust legislation,”: “From South Carolina Black Citizens,” June 29, 1865, PAJ 8: 31.
Colonel J.P.H. Russ of Raleigh: quoted in “From North Carolina: The Pardoning Power—The State Convention,” Aug. 2, 1865, New-York Tribune, p. 1.
“The present pardoning process will restore”: Thomas Shankland to Thaddeus Stevens, Sept. 2, 1865, LC.
“when the nation stood trembling on the precipice, the black man came to the rescue.”: quoted in Egerton, The Wars of Reconstruction, p. 189.
“true and loyal citizens of the United States”: quoted in Hahn, A Nation Under Our Feet, p. 118.
“intelligent, experienced, uneducated, upright colored men”: James N. Gloucester to OOH, June 1, 1865, Bowdoin; “quite apprehensive”: OOH, Sept. 13, 1865, Bowdoin.
“colored fellow-citizens,”: Langston, From the Virginia Plantation to the National Capitol, p. 230.
Johnson added: see “Response to John Mercer Langston,” April 18, 1865, PAJ 7: 585.
Advertising themselves as broad: see Samuel L. M. Barlow to Samuel Tilden, Aug. 25, 1865, NYPL.
“did not desert the former”: “President Johnson—His Main Idea,” Detroit Free Press, Aug. 31, 1865, p. 2. See also “The Democracy,” Albany Argus, Aug. 26, 1865, p. 4, and “Great Meeting at the Capitol. The Democracy of Albany,” Albany Argus, Oct. 6, 1865, p. 2.
“sailed before the wind”: “The Prospects of the Administration and the South—The Negro Suffrage Question,” New York Herald, June 30, 1865, p. 4.
“everlasting negro question.”: “A New Crisis in Our National Affairs,” New York Herald, Oct. 20, 1865, p. 4.
“We are in danger”: Henry Ward Beecher to Edwin Stanton, May 3, 1865, Bowdoin.
White women were at least: see “Scenes and Thoughts in New York,” Springfield Republican, Nov. 19, 1865, p. 2.
“would lose for the negro”: see May 25, 1865, Stanton, Elizabeth Cady Stanton as Revealed in Her Letters, p. 105.
“As Abraham Lincoln said: ‘One war at a time,’ ”: Wendell Phillips, “Speech to Annual Meeting of the American Anti-Slavery Society,” May 10, 1865, quoted in The Liberator, May 19, 1865, p. 78.
“Is there not danger…to all.”: Dec. 26, 1865, Stanton, Elizabeth Cady Stanton as Revealed in Her Letters, p. 110.
“Give the negro a vote”: “Speech of Wendell Phillips, Esq.,” The Liberator, May 19, 1863, p. 87.
“I never could”: quoted in Weld, Memorial Services Upon the Seventy-fourth Birthday of Wendell Phillips, p. 20.
“He knew the penalty of his course”: George William Curtis, “The Eulogy,” in Memorial of Wendell Phillips, p. 57.
“The republic which sinks”: quoted in Hofstadter, The American Political Tradition, p. 139.
“so simple, so affable”: Ernst Duvergier De Hauranne “Boston Portraits in French Setting: Passages from the last section of a serial, Huit Mois en Amérique,” Every Saturday, Jan. 26, 1866, p. 85.
“The effect was absolutely disarming,”: Higginson, Wendell Phillips, p. xi.
“direct, simple, persuasive”: Smalley, Anglo-American Memories, p. 91.
Detractors: see “President Johnson and the Boston Fanatics, New York Herald, Aug. 24, 1865, p. 4.
“Always aristocratic in aspect,”: Higginson, Cheerful Yesterdays, p. 242.
“Peace if”: see Weld, Memorial Services Upon the Seventy-fourth Birthday of Wendell Phillips, frontispiece.
“a force to be resisted”: see “Anti-Slavery Celebration at Framingham,” The National Anti-Slavery Standard, July 14, 1865, p. 1.
“The same oligarchy that broke up the Union”: and other quotations from this speech, see Wendell Phillips, “The South Victorious,” The National Anti-Slavery Standard, Oct. 29, 1865, p. 13.
“I fear that he has not that clearness…prejudices,”: Carl Schurz to Charles Sumner, June 5, 1865, Schurz, The Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz, vol. 1, p. 259.
As one bystander remarked: see Whipple, “The President and Congress,” p. 500.
“It is a stubborn fact”: Carl Schurz to AJ, Sept. 4, 1865, in Advice After Appomattox, ed. Simpson, p. 122.
“you would completely disarm”: AJ to William Sharkey, Aug. 15, 1865, PAJ 8: 637.
“If the President persists in pursuing”: Carl Schurz to Margarethe Schurz, Sept. 2, 1865, in The Intimate letters of Carl Schurz, 1841–1869, ed. Shafer, p. 349; the subsequent paragraphs are derived from Wineapple, Ecstatic Nation, pp. 408–10.
“During my two days sojourn at Atlanta”: Schurz, The Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz, p. 317.
“One reason why the Southern people…protection of his rights.”: see Schurz, The Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz pp. 359–60; 366.
“this is a country”: “From Washington,” Albany Argus, Sept., 30, 1865, p. 2.
“We think it likely”: quoted in “From Washington,” Albany Argus, Sept. 30, 1865, p. 2.
“plain, unpretentious…he is.”: Willard Saxton diary, Dec. 1, 1865, Yale.
“war of races”: James Doolittle to Manton Marble, Dec. 21, 1867, LC.
The young French correspondent: see Clemenceau, American Reconstruction, ed. Baldensberger, p. 61.
“He has all the narrowness”: Pierce, ed. Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, vol. 4, p. 276.
Many Republicans still hoped: for Johnson’s view, see “The Subjugation of the States in Negro domination would be worse…” PAJ 13: 286.
“Some foolish men”: see James Garfield to Hinsdale, December 11, 1865, in Garfield-Hinsdale Letters, p. 76.
“I pray you to take care that we do”: Horace Greeley to Schuyler Colfax, Dec. 11, 1865, NYPL.
“The Connecticut vote is a very heavy blow”: Charles Eliot Norton to E. L. Godkin, Oct. 4, 1865, Houghton.
“premature and unpopular,”: Thaddeus Stevens to John Hutchins, Aug. 27, 1865, The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens, vol. 2, p. 11.
They would have to play down: see for instance Trefousse, The Radical Republicans, p. 362.
“Prest. Johnson is said”: Henry J. Raymond to George Jones, Aug. 25, 1865, NYPL.
As the grouchy but loyal Navy Secretary: see Gideon Welles, “Recollections of Andrew Johnson and His Cabinet,” nd, NYPL.
CHAPTER SIX: NOT A “WHITE MAN’S GOVERNMENT”
Of them, nine former Confederate army officers: for a statistical breakdown, see Carter, When the War Was Over, n. p. 109.
“Either keep them out of Congress”: Horatio Woodman to Edwin Stanton, April 24, 1865, LC.
“we must keep Southern rebels out of Congress”: W. G. Brownlow to Schuyler Colfax, Nov. 19, 1865, Hayes.
“degradation, misery, & servitude”: Charles Eliot Norton to Edwin Godkin, Oct. 4, 1865, Houghton.
“If Tennessee is not in the Union”: CG 39: 1, Dec. 4, 1865, p. 3.
“he looked very much aged”: Schurz, The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, vol. 3, p. 215.
; “perpetually recurring wrangle”: “Reconstruction Congress and the President, New York Times, Dec. 5, 1865, p. 4.
“placed themselves in a condition”: “Message to Congress,” Dec. 4, 1865, PAJ 9: 470–71.
“Nobody, I believe, pretends”: CG 39: 1, Dec. 18, 1865, p. 73.
“This is not a ‘white man’s Government’…inhabits.”: CG 39: 1, Dec. 18, 1865, p. 74.
“a blessing—for”: see “On the School Law,” April 11, 1835, in Stevens, Papers, vol. 1, p. 24.
Stevens went to the auction: see Brodie, Thaddeus Stevens, p. 51.
“I was feeble and lame”: Harris, A Review of the Political Conflict in America, p. 12; see also Hood, “Thaddeus Stevens,” in Harris, ed. A Biographical History of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
“why, he looked so young and innocent”: quoted in Brodie, Thaddeus Stevens, p. 53.
“Mr. Stevens used to call it his sinking fund”: “An Ironmaster,” Philadelphia Times, July 14, 1895, p. 25.
“I only wish you had been in your works”: from “Your Southern Friend! and So-called Rebel” to Thaddeus Stevens, May 1, 1866, LC.
A friend recalled: see Memorial Addresses on the Life and Character of Thaddeus Stevens, Delivered in the House of Representatives, Dec. 17, 1868, p. 8.
“set Zionward”: quoted in Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House, p. 101.
“Congress is composed of men”: Memorial Addresses on the Life and Character of Thaddeus Stevens, p. 24.
“I lead them, yes”: quoted in “Thaddeus Stevens,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 15, 1868, p. 4.
“Very deep eyes”: Twain, Mark Twain’s Notebooks & Journals, vol. 1, p. 492.
“Not seldom a single sentence”: Schurz, The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, vol. 3, p. 217.
“And then, reaching to his full height”: Poore, Perley’s Reminiscences of Sixty Years, vol. 2, p. 101.
“always the club foot”: L. J. Jennings, “Mr. Raymond and Journalism,” Galaxy, April 1870, p. 472.
“all his life he held”: Memorial Addresses on the Life and Character of Thaddeus Stevens, p. 22.