The Deserters: A Hidden History of World War II
Page 42
“House of Commons,” Times (London), 23 January 1947.
“Huge Roundup of Deserters,” Los Angeles Times, 15 December 1945.
“The Kray of South Ken,” Times Online, 29 March 2002.
“London AWOL Roundup Traps a One-Star General,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 18 May 1944.
“London in the Grip of Gangsterism,” Baltimore Sun, 10 December 1945.
“Medicine: In Uniform and Their Right Minds,” Time, 1 June 1942.
“MP Killed in Fight as Black Market Gang Is Broken Up,” Associated Press, Washington Post, 8 January 1945.
“News in Brief,” Times (London), 18 January 1945.
“Political Notes,” Times (London), 22 March 1945.
“The Psychiatric Toll of Warfare,” Fortune, December 1943.
“Punishing the Army Deserter,” New York Times, 16 June 1918.
“Question 15,161 in London Drive on Crime Wave: Comb City for 10,000 Army Deserters,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 16 December 1945.
“Storm of Protest May Save Parade,” New York Times, 6 April 1919.
“Who’s Afraid?,” Time, 22 November 1943.
Bishop, Joseph W., Jr., “U.S. Army Speech in the European Theater,” American Speech, Vol. 21, No. 4, December 1946, p. 248. (Full article pp. 241–52.)
Campbell, Duncan, “London in the Blitz,” The Observer, 29 August 2010.
Connor, William M., “The Judgmental Review in General Court-Martial Proceedings,” Virginia Law Review, Vol. 32, No. 1, December 1945, pp. 39–88.
Ecker, Allan B., “GI Racketeers in the Paris Black Market,” Yank, 4 May 1945.
French, David, “Discipline and the Death Penalty in the British Army in the War Against Germany During the Second World War,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 33, No. 4, October 1998, pp. 531–45.
Hyman, John A., “From the Riviera to the Rhine,” T-Patch (36th Division newspaper), First Anniversary Supplement, 1945, republished at texasmilitaryforcesmuseum.org/36division/archives/frame/hymans1.html.
Jenkins, Simon, “Created on a Canvas of Needless Pain: A Poet Who Inspired the Underbelly,” The Guardian, 29 November 2007.
Johnson, Douglas, “Obituary: General François Binoche,” The Independent, 27 May 1977.
Jones, Edgar, and Wesseley, Simon, “‘Forward Psychiatry’ in the Military: Its Origins and Effectiveness,” Journal of Traumatic Stress, Vol. 16, August 2003, pp. 411–19.
Marshall, George C., “Biennial Report of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, July 1, 1943, to June 30, 1945, to the Secretary of War,” Yank, 19 October 1945.
Pyle, Ernie, “The Death of Captain Waskow,” Scripps Howard News Service, 10 January 1944.
Rose, Arnold M., “The Social Psychology of Desertion from Combat,” American Sociological Review, Vol. 16, No. 5, October 1951, pp. 614–29.
Sage, Robert, “Paris Protests Waste of Gas by Joy Riders,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 26 October 1944.
Scannell, Vernon, “Why I Hate the Celebration of D-Day . . . and What It Was Like to Be There,” New Reporter, May 1997.
Trewhela, Paul, “Vernon Scannell, a Poet in Bohemian London,” Times Literary Supplement, 5 December 2007.
War Department Pamphlet 27-4, “Procedure for Military Executions,” Washington, DC: War Department, 12 June 1944.
Werner, Wade, “MPs in France Check U.S. Supply Thefts,” Washington Post, 20 December 1944.
Recorded Interviews
Scannell, John, interview with the author, London, 15 February 2011.
Scannell, Vernon, Interview, Imperial War Museum, London, 21 October 1987, Tape No. 10009.
Scannell, Vernon, interview with Michael Parkinson, Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio, 29 November 1987.
Sharland, Timothy (4266), Interview, Second World War Experience Centre, Leeds.
Swales, Wilf (968), Interview, Second World War Experience Centre, Leeds.
Weiss, Steve, interview with the author, London, 7 October 2009.
Weiss, Steve, interview with the author, London, 28 June 2010.
Weiss, Steve, interview with the author, Paris, 17 July 2010.
Weiss, Steve, interview with the author, the Vosges, France, 30 April 2011.
Unpublished Manuscripts
Darkes, Russell J., “Twenty-five Years in the Military,” typescript, Lebanon, PA: A. Archery & Printing Place, 1991.
Second Battalion Staff, “The Second Battalion, 38th Infantry, in World War II, 1945” (edited with permission of Lieutenant Colonel Jack K. Norris by Cleve C. Barkley, 1985).
Weiss, Stephen J., “War Dance (1943–1946),” second draft, London, 2009.Weiss wrote two drafts of his memoir, which are herein referred to as WD/First Draft and WD/Second Draft.
Weiss, Steve, personal papers, London.
Whitehead, Alfred T. (contributing material by Selma B. Whitehead), “Diary of a Soldier,” Cape Cod, MA: printed privately by Alfred T. Whitehead and Selma B. Whitehead, 1989.
Vernon Scannell Miscellaneous
Scannell, Vernon, “Baptism of Fire,” Alan Benson Collection of Vernon Scannell, 1948–2007, Box 4, Folder 4.1 Scannell—Correspondence, 2001, January–May, Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas.
Scannell, Vernon, “Coming to Life in Leeds,” The Listener, 22 August 1963, galley proof in Vernon Scannell Collection, Box 4, Vernon Works: The Walking Wounded, A, T and TCCMSS Letters Recip, Miscellaneous, Folder: Scannell Letters [Corris, Eric C.], Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas.
Scannell, Vernon, notes for his autobiographical novel The Big Time, Scannell papers, University of Reading Archives, Special Collections Service.
Scannell, Vernon, “On the Run,” typescript (original version 1970, rewritten March 1996), Alan Benson Collection of Vernon Scannell, 1948–2007, 2008-10-07P, Box 4, Folder 5.1 Scannell—Correspondence—2007, January–March, Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas.
Scannell, Vernon, “The Unknown War Poet,” Alan Benson Collection of Vernon Scannell, 1948–2007, 2008-10-07P, Box 4, Folder 5.1, Scannell Correspondence—2007, January–March, Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas.
Scannell, Vernon, “War Wounds,” original transcript, Alan Benson Collection of Vernon Scannell, 1948–2007, 2008-10-07P, Box 4, Folder 5.1, Scannell—Correspondence—2007, January–March, Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas.
Archives and Libraries
American Library in Paris, 10 rue du Général Camou, 75007, Paris, France.
Archives Nationales de France, 60 rue des Francs-Bourgeois, 75141, Paris, France.
British Library, 96 Euston Road, London NW1 2DB.
British National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU.
Harry Ransom Center, University of Texas, 300 West 21st Street, Austin, TX 78712.
Library of Congress, 101 Independence Avenue, Washington, DC 20540.
London Library, 14 Saint James’s Square, London SW1Y 4LG.
Musée des Collections Historiques de la Préfecture de Police de Paris, 1 Bis, rue des Carmes, 75005, Paris, France.
National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001 [NARA].
New York Public Library, 455 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016.
Office of the Clerk of the Court, U.S. Army Judiciary, 901 North Stuart Street, Suite 1200, Arlington, VA 22203-1837.
Staff Department, Advanced Infantry Officers Course, The Infantry School, Fort Benning, GA 31905.
University of Reading Library, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AE.
U.S. Army Center of Military History, Department of the Army, Collins Hall, 102 4th Avenue, Building 34, Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319-5060.
U.S. Army Legal Services Agency, U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals, 901 North Stuart Street, Arlington, VA 22203-1837.
Films
Bad Boys of the Blitz. Directed by Steve Humphries, Testimony Films, 2005.
The Battle of San Pietro. Directed by John Huston, U.S. Army Pictorial Service, 1945.
The Hill. Directed by Sidney Lumet, MGM, 1965.
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable.
Adams, Paul D., 139, 140, 149–53, 156, 204–5, 221
“Afterwards” (Hardy), 78
Aitkenhead, Sergeant, 113
Alamein Line, 15, 19, 21, 29–34, 53, 96
Alboussière, France, 170–73, 178, 185
Alexander, Albert, 293
Alexander, General Sir Harold, 21, 64
Alexander, Major General Robert, 7
Andrews, G. L. W., 38, 39
Ardennes Forest, 261, 275
Armand, Lieutenant, 152–53
Army, U.S.:
27th Infantry Division, 3–4, 5
36th Infantry Division, 64–66, 70, 102–3, 105–6, 109, 120, 122, 124, 133–38, 140, 149, 152, 168–69, 171, 182, 184–86, 189–90, 192, 201–8, 213–14, 217–18, 220–22, 224–25, 227, 228, 233, 237–38, 263–64, 269, 272, 311–13
38th Infantry Regiment, 27, 85, 89–91
77th Infantry Division, 3–7
141st Regiment, 229
369th Regiment, 6
442nd Regiment, 213, 222, 229–30
casualties in, 190
Psychological Warfare Branch, 8, 55, 122, 180–81
Attlee, Clement, 292
Auchinleck, General Claude John Eyre, 14–21
Auden, W. H., 309
“Auger,” see Binoche, François
Babbage, Captain, 72–73, 76, 77, 82, 83, 96
Bain, Elsie Mabel, 49, 51, 52
Bain, James, 49–53
Bain, John Vernon, see Scannell, Vernon
Bain, Kenneth, 11, 13, 49–53, 76
Bain, Sylvia, 49, 52, 287–88
Baird, John, 290
Baker, Newton, 4
Ball, Peter, 287–88
Barbie, Klaus, 192–93
Barkley, Cleve C., 127, 198, 257
Barkley, Harold G., 127, 197–200, 257
battle fatigue (shell shock), xix, 19, 68, 204, 205, 210
courts-martial and, 270–71
Dahlquist and, 271
desertion cases and, 272–73
rest centers for, 98, 205–6
Battle of the Bulge, xi, xii, 258, 276
Beleuse, Yvette, xiv–xv
Bernberg, Raymond E., 231, 234
Biledeau, Adrian, 180, 181
Binoche, François (“Auger”), 166, 169–70, 172–75, 178, 179, 181, 183, 185–86, 189, 242, 312
Bird, William A., 169
Black, Hughie, 13, 38–40, 80, 92–94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 112–15, 118
death of, 115–16
black market, xvii, 62–63, 94, 196, 198–200, 207, 226, 278–79, 297, 306
black soldiers, 264
Bone, Hugh Temple, 117
Boring, Edwin Garrigues, xix
Boudreau, Paul, 184
Bouvier, Augustin “Tin Tin,” 164
Boxing News, 289
Brechifosse, France, 222, 231
Brest, France, 145–46, 196–97
British arms and ammunition, theft and sale of, 17
Brode, Jesse, 305
Brooke, General Alan, 20, 21
Brown, Staff Sergeant, 71–72, 74, 79, 82–83
Bruyères, France, 212–13, 222, 227, 312–13
Buhrmaster, Ernest, 95
Burrows, Fraser, 117
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 308
Capone, Richard S., 298
Carter, Jimmy, 304
Catch-22 (Heller), 76
Charkatz, Isidore, 219, 234
Chicago Daily Tribune, 95
“Chicago” gangs, xviii
Churchill, Winston, 18, 20–22, 29, 33, 36, 285, 307
Operation Dragoon and, 134–35, 136, 138
Civil War, xiv
Clark, General Mark, 65, 66, 102, 122
Clarke, James T., 233, 249
Cohen, Harry, 300–301
Combat Exhaustion Centres, 98
combat fatigue, see battle fatigue
Communist Party, 185, 291
Connolly, John F., 284
Cooke, Brigadier General Elliot D., 57–62
Cooper, Gary, 26
Corley, John T., 275–76
Court Martial Manual, 249
Cox, Alfred T., 189, 238, 242, 245
Crespy, René, 160
criminal operations, xvii–xviii
Crozier, S. F., 15–17
Dahan, Gerri, 192, 193
Dahan, Olga, 192–94, 312
Dahan, Ronnie, 192–94, 226, 312
Dahlquist, Major General John Ernest, 122–23, 133, 152, 153, 201, 203–5, 269
courts-martial and, 218–19, 234, 235, 271
Daily Express, 64, 285
Daily Mail, 285
Daily Telegraph, 290
Dalkin, Willie, 289
Darkes, Russell, 209, 220, 311–12
D-Day, 87–90, 98–101, 102, 111–12
Operation Dragoon, 133–39, 201–2
death penalty and execution:
for desertion, 16–19, 151, 203
hanging, 264–68
shooting, 264
de la Mare, Walter, 78
Denham, Victor, 114
deserters, desertion, 287–88, 292–93, 295
in 36th Division, 224–25
accomplices to, 287
amnesty for, 307
Combat Exhaustion Centres and, 98
combat fatigue and, 272–73
convictions for, 203
Cooke’s study of, 57–62
death penalty for, 16–19, 151, 203
in France, 225–26, 277–78, 287, 297
in London, 290–91
memo circulated on, 59–60
suspension of limits on punishments for, 56–57
tracking down, 94–95
in World War I, xiii, xiv, 6–7, 16
Deserters Amnesty Campaign, 293
Desert Island Discs, 309
Dewey, Thomas E., 250
Dickson, James, 135, 137, 140–41, 149, 150, 186, 224–27, 242, 263
Disciplinary Training Centers (DTCs), 253–54
Loire, 251–54, 261–73
Dobrée, Bonamy, 292, 294
Donovan, General William “Wild Bill,” 180
Douglas, Keith, 31–34, 310
“Dead Men,” 34–35
Egypt, 14–18, 20–22, 34, 35, 44
Eisenhower, General Dwight, xi, xv, xvi, 97, 123, 174, 273
Operation Dragoon and, 134, 202
El Alamein, Egypt, 15, 19, 21, 29–34, 53, 96
Eliot, T. S., 78, 308
Elizabeth II, Queen, 307
épuration, 170–71
Execution of Private Slovik, The (Huie), xiv, xv
“Farewell” (de la Mare), 78
Farrell, Bill, 47, 77, 81
Faulkner, David P., 218, 233, 235, 250
Forbes, Captain, 93, 98, 99, 101
Ford, Walter L., 229–31, 235, 247–48
Fortune, 54
Fortune, Major General Victor Morven, 14
France, xix, 195–96
Alboussière, 170–73, 178, 185
Brest, 145–46, 196–97
Bruyères, 212–13, 222, 227, 312–13
D-Day,
87–90, 98–101, 102, 111–12
deserters in, 225–26, 277–78, 287, 297
épuration in, 170–71
Grenoble, 188–89
Lyons, 182–83, 184–86, 192–94, 201, 226
Milice in, 171–72, 185, 193
Operation Dragoon, 133–39
Paris, see Paris, France
Trévières, 90–91
Valence, 151–55, 156–58, 160–61, 162, 163, 168, 201, 227
Fraser, “Mad Frankie, 94
Frazior, David M., 156, 205, 208, 220–21, 275
Fredericks, Morris, 199–200
Freeman-Attwood, Major General Harold, 97
French Resistance, xvi, 139–40, 150, 153, 159, 160, 164, 165, 169–72, 174–77, 178, 179, 181, 185–86, 193
Weiss in, 169–70, 178, 181, 191, 210, 238, 243, 272, 312
Freud, Lucian, 287
Fussell, Paul, 129
Genovese, Vito, xvii, 63
Gibson, James, 310
Gillars, Mildred Elizabeth, 256
Ginn, L. Holmes, Jr., 209
Glasshouse, The (McLean), 44–45
Glennie, Ian, 39
Goering, Hermann, 104
Goichot, Paul, 174–75
Gott, General William, 21
Grant, Regimental Sergeant Major, 72, 74, 76, 77
Green, Robert, 61–62
Grenoble, France, 188–89
Grey, William, 36, 93, 115, 311
Grigg, Percy James, 17–18, 84
Gualandi, Settimo, 161, 173–74, 210–11, 244–47
Guyon, Maurice, 160
Haas, Monsieur, 168, 174, 179
Hamblet, John, 183, 185
hanging, 264–68
Hardy, Staff Sergeant, 45, 50, 76–77
Hardy, Thomas, 78
Harris, Turner, 199–200
Hawks, Sergeant, 131
Heller, Joseph, 75–76
Henderson, Staff Sergeant, 45–47, 50, 72, 79–80
Hickox, Charles, 234
Hill, The (Rigby), 75, 76
Hitler, Adolf, 94, 146, 192, 273, 285
Hochstein, Julius, 298–99
Holden, Cliff, 287–89
Homcy, Albert C., 168–69, 217–19, 233–35
Hope, John, 67
Horton, Captain, 311
Horwitz, Sheridan H., 300
Hôtel Serre, 166, 167–68, 178–79
Housman, A. E., 78
Hubbard, Thomas, 84