by Joseph Gies
Bréauté, Falkes de, 44, 80–81, 196–197
Bridge, Castle of, 141
Brionne, 21
Bruges, 19
buffet, see colée
Burgh, Hubert de, 43, 180, 190
burhs, 12
butler, 96, 100, 115
buttery, 64–65, 68, 96, 104, 225
by-laws, 157–158
Byzantine castles, 12, 25, 247
Byzantines, 9, 12, 20, 25, 195
Caen, 96
Caerleon, 173
Caernarvon, 29, 236
Caerphilly, 30, 236
Calatrava la Nueva, 243
calendar, see holidays
Camelot, 173
Candlemas, 207, 213
cannon, 218–220
Canossa, 84, 240
Canterbury, 24
Capuan Castle, Naples, 240
carpets, 59–60
Carrickfergus, 247
carts, 99, 104, 106–107, 217
Castel del Monte, 241
castellan, 10, 28, 229
Castellan of Coucy, 75, 120–121, 182
Castel Nuovo, Naples, 240
castle guard, 47, 69, 95, 229
Castracane, Castruccio, 241
cat, see assault tower
catapult, 192, 195, 225, 227
chamber, 24, 61, 67, 68–69, 70–71, 95, 109, 235
chamberlain, 43, 95–96, 104, 122–123, 169, 229
champion country (champagne), see open field
chancellor, 43, 95, 105, 229
chanson de geste, 39
Chanson de Roland, 184–185
chapel, 58, 70–71, 95, 111, 229, 234, 235
chaplain, 95, 96, 105, 111, 122, 197, 229
chariot branlant, 107
Charlemagne, 12, 44, 45–46, 48, 172, 184
Charles I, king of England, 220
Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily, 240
Charles the Bald, king of France, Holy
Roman emperor, 12
chases, 139
Chastel Pélérin, 248
Châteaudun, 237
Château Gaillard, 73, 198, 199, 203, 238
chemise, 25–26, 28, 225, 239
Chepstow, ii, 1–7, 16–20, 22–24, 26–27, 28, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 50, 55–56, 58–59, 61, 64–65, 67–68, 71, 76, 86, 96, 134, 139, 148, 180, 187–188, 191, 195, 203–204, 218–219, 220, 222
chess, 78, 121–122
chevauchée, 47, 229
Chillon, 246
chimneys, 63–64, 65
Chinon, 42, 238
chivalry, 92–94, 169–170, 172–177, 184–185
Chrétien de Troyes, 87, 173–174
Christmas, 206–207, 208–210
Chronicle of Melrose, 199–200
Cid, 177, 243
Cinq-Mars, Henri, Marquis de, 222
Civil War, English, 219, 220
Clare, Bogo de, 96–97, 104, 105, 106, 122
Clare, Gilbert Fitz Gilbert de (Strong-bow), earl of Pembroke, 33, 183, 205
Clare, Isabel de, 34, 36
Clare, Richard Fitz Gilbert de (Strong-bow), earl of Pembroke, 33, 205
Clare, Richard de, earl of Gloucester, 30
Clare, Walter de, 33
Clarendon, 67
coat of arms, 183–184
Coca, 244
Colchester, 24, 235
colée, 167–168, 169, 229
commendation, 45–46
Conisborough, 236
Conquest, Norman, of England, 8–21, 32–33
Consuegra, 243
Conway, 29, 236
cook, 96, 100, 111–114
cooking, 66, 100, 111–114
corridors, 70
cosmetics, 110
costume, 109–110
cottars, 153–154, 156
counsel, 47–49
courtly love, 87–90, 92–94
courts of love, 88–90
crenelation, 24, 27, 225
croft, 150
Cromwell, Oliver, 222
crops, 150, 152, 153
rotation of, 148, 152
crossbow, 195–196, 203
cruck house, 149
Crusader castles, 243, 246, 247–248
Crusade, 20–21, 27, 31, 39, 81
First, 20–21, 119–120, 171, 184, 186, 189–190, 195, 200, 229
Curia Regis, see royal council
curtain walls, 24, 26, 27, 58, 187, 221, 234, 238, 239, 241, 243, 244
dais, 62, 67
Dante (Alighieri), 176, 241
De Amore, 87–90, 93
Dean, Forest of, 134, 139
De Arte Venandi cum Avibus, 128–134
demesne, 33, 230
Denbigh, 29, 236
Dermot Mac Murrough, king of Leinster, 34
Devizes, 200–201
divorce, 79
dogs, 125–126, 127, 128, 133, 135, 137, 140, 144–146
Domesday Book, 19
donjon, see keep
Dornach, 246
Dover, 9, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17, 24, 26, 60, 194, 224, 235
dower, 79–80
drawbridge, 25–26, 29, 30, 188, 192, 226, 236, 237, 239
Drincourt, Battle of, 169, 174–175
dubbing, ceremony of, 166–169, 173
Dunois, Jean de, 237
Easter, 206–207, 213–214
Edmund, Prince (son of Henry III of England), 101
education, 77–78, 174
Edward, duke of York, 121
Edward I, king of England, 27, 28–29, 30, 55–56, 60, 66, 69, 101, 137, 139, 181, 195, 199–200, 210
Edward II, king of England, 71, 101
Edward V, king of England, 235
Edward the Confessor, king of England, 9
Eleanor of Aquitaine, 86–87, 88–90, 91, 118, 173, 202–203
Eleanor of Castile, 60
Eleanor of Provence, 142
Eltz, 245
enceinte, 226
engines, military, see weapons
Epiphany (Twelfth Day), 207, 213
escalade, 198, 200, 203
L’Escoufle, 122
estate management, 39, 40, 45, 81, 95, 97–104
Este, Castello d’, 241
Etampes, 237
etiquette, 115–116
Eustace of Boulogne, 14
Evesham, Battle of, 44, 55, 200
Exeter, 190
extramural towers, 242–244
Falaise, 219
falconers, 128, 130, 132, 133–134
falconry, 78, 128–134, 135, 137
Falkenberg, 246
fallowing, 151, 152
fealty, 40, 45–47
Feast of the Fools, 208
Ferdinand and Isabella (Ferdinand II and Isabella of Spain), 242, 243
fertilizing, 151–152
festivals, see holidays
feudalism, 32–33, 39–56, 182
fief, 33, 45, 50–56, 230
alienation (sale) of. 51–52
money, 53
multiple, 52–55
fireplace, 62–64, 69, 71, 74
fish, 66, 113–114
Fitz Hubert. Robert. 200, 211
Fitz Osbern, William, 14–19, 24, 33, 40, 43, 58, 60, 67, 134, 136, 185, 204
Fitzstephen, William, 208, 214
Flanders, Castle of the Counts of, 246
Flemish castles, 19, 246
Flint, 29, 236
floors, 59–60, 150
Florence of Worcester, 135
Flowers of History, 175
Foix, Gaston de la, 126
forebuilding, 24, 226, 235, 236
forest, 114, 135–146
administration of, 96, 137–140
courts, 138–146
law, 134-146
Forest Charter, 137, 144
foresters, 139, 141, 143–146
Fougères, 27, 28, 239
frankpledge, 160–161, 230
Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman emperor, 51–52, 171
Frederick II. Holy Roman empero
r, 128, 133, 240–241
fruit, 114
Fulk, count of Anjou, 189–190
Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, 21, 236, 238
furniture, 62–68, 69, 124, 150
Galbert of Bruges, 46
games, 121–122
Gangdays, see Rogation Days
garden, 66
garderobe, see latrine
garrison, 11, 29, 69, 95, 187, 188–190. 197–198, 201
Gate Fulford, Battle of, 13
gatehouse, ii. 1, 3, 6, 27, 29–30, 187–188, 219, 223, 234, 241
Geoffrey, count of Anjou, 166–167, 188
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 173
Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), 111, 129–130, 137
German castles, 244–246
Gesta Stephani, 85–86, 190, 200–202
Ghent, 19
Gioia del Colle, 240
Girart de Roussillon, 171, 177–178
Gisors, 25, 223, 236
glass, 59, 107
gleaning, 157–158
glebe, 163
Gonzaga family, 241
Gormaz, 243
Gravina, 240
Gregory VII, Pope, 240
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, 74, 107–108, 116, 122
Guader, Ralph de, earl of Norfolk, 19–20, 204
Guadaira, Alcala de, 243
Guiot de Dijon, 119–120
gunpowder, 218–222
Hadrian’s Wall, 12
hall, 24, 27, 29, 58–65, 66, 67–74, 95, 109, 205, 222, 226, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239
hallmote, see manorial court
hamlet, 148–149
Harlech, 29, 236
Harold Godwinson, king of England, 9, 11, 13, 183
Harold Hardraada, king of Norway, 13
harvest-home, 215–217
Hastings, Battle of, 13, 16
Hastings Castle, 224
Haverford, 111
hawking, see falconry
Haye, Dame Nicolaa de la, 86
hayward, 162, 207, 230
heating, 62–64
Hedingham, 24
Heidenreichstein, 245
Helvise, countess of Evreux, 84
Henry, “the young king,” son of Henry II, 54, 169
Henry I, king of England, 33, 43, 52–53, 84, 90, 126–128, 136–137, 166–167, 188, 190, 204, 205, 236
Henry II, king of England, 25, 26, 34, 36, 40–41, 54, 77, 84, 86, 96, 107, 115, 129–130, 137, 169, 234, 235, 238, 239
Henry III, king of England, 36, 38, 43, 54–55, 67, 68, 71, 78, 82–84, 90–91, 96, 103, 104, 116, 122, 134, 137, 140, 141, 169, 175, 179–180, 186, 188, 196–197, 198–199, 200, 210, 212, 234, 235
Henry VIII, king of England, 219
Henry IV, king of France, 237
Henry IV, German emperor, 84, 240
Henry VI, German emperor, 177, 245
heraldry, 182–184
heralds, 178, 182–183
herbs, 60, 66, 113
herdsmen, 162, 207
heriot, 154, 230
Histoire de Saint-Louis, 185
History of the Kings of Britain, 173
Hocktide, 207, 214
Hohensalzburg, 246
Hohenstaufen, 240, 244, 245
holidays, 206–217
Holy Innocents, Feast of the, see Feast of the Fools
homage, 40, 45–47, 52–55
multiple, 52–55
honor, 16, 230
horses, 9, 104, 106, 166–167, 169, 170, 174
Hospitallers, 20, 177, 243, 247
hostages, 177
Houdan, 237
household of the castle, 95–108, 109
houses of peasants, 149–150
hue and cry, 144
hundred, 44
Hundred Years’ War, 218
hunting, 40, 77–78, 125–246
huntsman, 125, 126–128, 140
inheritance, 148–149, 174
ceremony attending on, 159
interior decoration, 66–67
Irish castles, 247
Isabel of Leicester, countess of Pembroke, 33
Isabella, countess of Arundel, 82
Isabelle of Angoulême, 83–84
Italian castles, 21, 240–242
James of St. George, 28–29
Jean de Colmieu, 9
Jean of Tours, 166–167
jesters, 118
Joan of Arc, 84, 237, 238
Jocelin of Brakelond, 73, 140, 180–181
John, king of England, 36, 49, 54, 80, 83, 86, 90, 137, 186, 190–191, 202–203
John of Brabant, 101, 122
John of Crakehall, 143
John of Gaunt, 235
John of Toul, 53–54
Joinville, Jean, Sieur de, 185
jongleurs, see minstrels
jousting, 179, 181–182
judicial combat, 34, 41
jury system, 41, 49, 159
justice, 40–41, 44, 49, 97, 148, 154, 158, 161
justiciar, 43, 190, 230
keep, 10, 12, 28, 29, 41, 60–61, 189, 195, 205, 222, 225, 226, 236, 237, 243, 246, 247
rectangular, 15, 16, 17, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 61, 63, 70, 223, 234–236
round, 25, 28, 37, 236, 238, 239
shell, see shell keeps
transitional, 25–26, 235, 236, 237
Kemys, Sir Nicholas, 220
Kenilworth, 24, 199–200, 220–222, 235
Kidwelly, 236
kitchen, 65–66, 70, 96, 101–103, 104, 109, 111–114, 150
knight, 96, 97, 108, 109, 111, 122, 148, 166–185, 218, 220
education of, 174
knight’s fee, 33, 50
Krak des Chevaliers, 247
labor services, 149, 154–155, 162, 207–208, 215
ladies-in-waiting, 106
Lai du Lecheoir, 93–94
Lambert of Ardres, 57–58
Lamentations of Matthew, 91–92
Lammas, 206, 207, 215
La Mota, 243
Lancelot, 87, 173
Langeais, 21, 236
Langland, William, 74, 147
latrine, 2, 65, 71–72, 226
La Roche Guyon, 237
Launceston, 29, 234
laundress, 104, 111
laver, 71
lawyers, 159–160
Lemburn, Roger de, 181
Lent, 213–214
Lewes, Battle of, 38, 44
Leyburn, Roger, 188–189
lighting, 62
Lincoln, 86
Battle of, 175
countess of, 74, 107–108, 116
livestock, 150, 151–152, 154, 161, 163
living quarters of the castle, 2, 24, 27, 28, 57–73, 222, 234, 235
Livre de la Chasse, 126
Llywelyn, Prince of Wales, 177
Loches, 22, 236
London, Tower of (White Tower), 14, 15, 24, 67, 222–223, 234–235
longbow, 196
Louis VII, king of France, 86, 169
Louis, Prince, of France (later Louis VIII), 36, 54, 86, 175, 194, 198–199
Louis IX, king of France (St. Louis), 177, 185, 221, 236, 238
Louis d’Orleans, count of Valois, 239
“love-day,” 160
Lucera, 240
Lull, Ramon, 168
Lusignan, Geoffrey de, 122
Lusignan, Hugh de, count of La Marche, 83–84
machicolation, 26, 27, 188, 221, 226, 238, 242
Magna Carta, 36, 49, 50, 54, 80, 82, 137
Malatesta family, 241
mangonels, 195, 196, 200, 226
Mannyng, Robert, 103, 122
manor, 98–101, 104, 147–165, 213, 230
Manorbier, 65
manor house, 149, 158
manorial court, 148, 154, 158–161, 162, 163, 230
manorial custom books, 154–155
manorial government, 159–160, 161–163
marcher lord, 40, 230
Marie, countess of Champagne, 87–90, 173
Marksburg, 244
Marlborough, 201
marling, 99, 151–152, 161
marriage, 78–84
marshal, 34, 38, 40, 43, 44, 96, 100, 101–103, 104, 108, 230
Marshal, Anselm, 36
Marshal, Gilbert (grandfather of William Marshal), 34
Marshal, Gilbert (son of William Marshal), 36, 96, 134, 179
Marshal, John Fitz Gilbert, 34–35, 201
Marshal, Richard, 36
Marshal, Walter, 36, 179–180
Marshal, William, 26–27, 34–39, 43, 54–55, 59, 67, 86, 96, 137, 169, 172, 174–175, 178, 179, 201, 202–203, 205
Marshal, William, II, 36–37, 78, 134, 180, 205
Marten, Henry, 2
Marten’s Tower, ii, 2, 3, 27, 222
Martinmas, 207
Master of Game, The, 126
Matilda, countess of Anjou (Empress Matilda), 34–35, 84–86, 187, 201–202
Matilda, countess of Tuscany, 84
Mayday, 207, 214
meals, 111–120, 122
meat, 111–112, 115–116
mercenaries, 8, 48, 69–70, 149, 174–178, 220
merlon, 24, 226
mesnie, 95, 230
messengers, 104–105
meurtrieres, see arrow loops
Michaelmas, 101, 206, 207, 216
Midsummer, 207, 215
military science, 187, 190–205
miller, 155–156
mining (military), 24–25, 190–191, 192, 196–197, 226
minstrels, 118
Mirabeau, 202–203
missiles, 13, 27, 192, 193, 194, 195, 203
moat, 10, 28, 30, 187, 188, 192, 239, 241, 244
money, medieval, 101
Montfort, Eleanor de, countess of Leicester, 78, 96, 101–103, 106, 141
Montfort, Simon de, II, earl of Leicester, 38, 78, 96, 97, 101–103, 141, 199–200, 220–222
Montfort, Simon de, III, 200, 220–222
Montgomery, Arnulph de, 204–205
Montigny, Arnold de, 181
motte-and-bailey castle, 9–12, 21, 26, 57–58, 186, 222, 233, 234
multure, 155
mummers, 210–212
Munzenberg, 245
Muset, Colin, 120
music, 117–120
polyphonic, 119
musical instruments, 117–118, 121, 126
musical notation, 119
Muslim castles, 12, 25, 242–244, 247
Muslims, 12, 177, 184–185, 186, 192, 200, 242, 244, 247, 248
Najac, 239
Newcastle-on-Tyne, 19
New Forest, 135–137
New Year’s Day, 212
Nogent-le-Retrou, 223
Norwich, 24, 224
Nur-ed-Din, 247
Odiham, 102
Odo of Bayeux, 14
Old Sarum, 11, 40
On the Secrets of Women, 92
open field, 148–149