by Joseph Gies
Ordericus Vitalis, 9, 14, 16, 84, 136–137
Orford, 235
oriel, 69, 226
Ortenberg, 245
ost, 47, 230
oxen, 150, 153, 158, 162
Oxford, 85, 103
oxgang, see yardland
pagus, 44
palaces, 222
pantler, 100, 115
pantry, 64–65, 68, 104
Paris, Matthew, 36–37, 59–60, 68, 78, 80–81, 82–83, 90–91, 96, 104, 105, 107, 116–117, 122, 143-144, 180, 181, 210, 212
parish, 163, 217
parish church, 149, 158
parish priest, 163–164
parks (hunting), 140
parliament, 40
Peckham, John, archbishop of Canterbury, 164
Pembroke, 33–34, 36, 37, 59, 129–130, 204–205, 220, 236
Peñafiel, 244
Pentecost, see Whitsunday
pentice, 71
Percival, 173
Peter of Blois, 107, 115
Peter the Cruel, 243
Pevensey, 8–9, 224
Pfeffengen, 246
Philip I, king of France, 52–53
Philip II (Augustus), king of France, 42, 54, 202–203, 204, 238
Philip IV (the Fair), king of France, 90
Philip, count of Savoy, 28
Pierrefonds, 239
Piers Plowman, 74, 147
plow, 152–154, 156, 213
plowman, 152–153, 161, 162, 207
Plow Monday, 213
poetry, 39, 78, 118–120, 174–177
Portchester, 102–103
portcullis, 26–27, 188, 226
postern, 24, 29, 188, 199, 226
Prato, 240
preservation of food, 66, 112, 113–114
primogeniture, 174
prison, 41, 222–223
Provins, 26
provisioning of a castle, 188–189, 199
quintain, 169, 170, 172, 214, 230
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 235
ransom, 48, 177–178, 198, 229
Rapottenstein, 245
Raymond of Antioch, 86
reaping, 134, 151, 157–158, 161
reconquest of Spain by Christians, 12, 242–243
recreation, 111, 112, 113, 117–123, 209, 211
reeve, 163, 231
relief, 48, 50, 154, 231
rents
in kind, 154–155
money, 149, 154–155
Restormel, 70, 234
Rhuddlan, 236
Richard, earl of Cornwall, 141
Richard I (the Lionhearted), king of England, 36, 48, 54, 73, 77, 137, 177, 186, 198, 199, 238, 244
Richard II, king of England, 184, 210, 212
Richelieu, Armand du Plessis, cardinal de, 222
Richmond, 24
ridge-and-furrow plowing, 152–153
Robert, count of Flanders, 52–54
Robert, duke of Normandy, 19, 136
Robert, earl of Gloucester, 85, 201–202
Robin Hood, 144
Rocca, Castello della, 241
Rochester, 24, 60, 63, 188–189, 190–191, 235
Rockingham, 142
Forest of, 141, 142–143, 144–146
Rogation Days, 214–215
Roger I, count of Sicily, 240
Roger de Breteuil, 19–20, 33, 204
Roger of Wendover, 175
Roland, 172, 184–185
Roman fortifications, 11–12, 14, 48, 224
Round Table, 173, 181
royal council, 36, 40–41, 229
ruse, 198
St. Nicholas’ Day, 208
Salisbury, 86
Samson, abbot of Bury St. Edmunds, 73, 77, 140, 180–181
Sandwich, Battle of, 194
San Giorgio, Castello, 241
Saone, 247
sapping, see mining
Saracens, see Muslims
Sarzanello, Castello di, 241
sauces, 113
Saumur, 224
Saxons, see Anglo-Saxons
Scala, Can Grande della, 241
Scaliger Castle, 241
screens, 64–65, 70, 226
scutage, 48, 231
Segovia, 244
seneschal, see steward
Seneschaucie (“Stewardship”), 97–98, 161, 163
serf, see villein
servants, 68, 69, 70, 95, 96–99, 107–108, 109, 111–112, 114–115, 116, 122–123
services, feudal, 32–33, 47–49
sex, medieval ideas of, 91–94
Sforza Castle, 224
Sforza family, 241, 242
shell keep, 21–24, 25, 31, 58, 70, 233–234, 236, 246
Sherborne, 24
sheriff, 43–44, 138, 161, 231
shire, 43, 44
siege, 186–203, 205, 222
Simon of Senlis, 98–100
site of castle, 19, 27–30, 244
“slighting” of castles, 222
smith, 111, 155, 156, 172
solar, 68, 226, 235
Spain, reconquest of, 12, 242–243
Spanish castles, 12, 242–244
“sporting chance,” 155
springald, see catapult
squire, 95, 97, 105, 111, 115, 172, 179, 231
stairways, 24, 28, 60–61, 70–71, 236, 239
Stamford Bridge, Battle of, 13
Statute of Westminster, 49
Stephen of Blois, king of England, 34–35, 36, 84–86, 187, 190, 200–202, 205
steward, 95–96, 97–101, 103–104, 111, 156, 158, 163, 185, 231
Stirling Castle, 69
Stow, John, 210–211
subinfeudation, 33, 50
sugar, 114
suit, 155, 159
tapestry, 60
Tawney, R. H., 165
Templars, 20, 39, 42, 170, 177, 197, 238, 247, 248
tenant-in-chief, 16, 40, 50, 229
tenants, manorial
free, 155–156
non-free, see villeins
Thierry of Alsace, count of Flanders, 51
three-field system, 152–153
Tintern Abbey, 33
Tirel, Walter, 136
tithing, see frankpledge
Totnes, 234
Tour, Geoffrey de la, 78–79, 93
Tour de César, 26
Tour de Constance, 238
tournament, 39, 93, 174, 178–182
toys, 111
trebuchet, 192–194, 227
trial by ordeal, 41
Trifels, 244
Trim, 247
troubadour, 39, 86–87, 118–120
trouvère, 39, 118–120
Troyes, 87
truces, 198–199
two-field system, 152
Ursino, Castello, 240–241
vassal, 8, 32–33, 40, 45–49, 229, 231
feudal obligations of, 47–49, 229
vegetables, 114, 150–151
verderers, 139, 141
vert, 138
View of Frankpledge, 160–161
village, 147–165
social classes of, 153–156
villein, 154–157, 163, 164, 171, 207–209, 215, 231
Vincennes, 239
Viollet-le-Duc, Eugène, 239
Visconteo, Castello, 241
Visconti family, 241, 242
Vitry, Jacques de, 81–82, 180
Wace, Robert, 173
Wake Day, 216
Wallingford, 97
war, 173, 175–178, 186–205, 218–222
private, 186
wardrobe, 68, 71, 95–96, 104
wardship, 50, 76–77
Warenne, William de, earl of Surrey, (Earl Warenne), 96
warren, 135
Wars of the Roses, 219
Warwick, 234
water supply, 71, 189–190
weapons, 13, 172, 173, 191–197, 203
well, 24, 71, 72, 189–190
Westminster Palace, 66, 71, 78
Whitsunday, 20
6–207, 215
Wildenberg, 245
William I, king of England (William the Conqueror), 8–9, 10, 13, 14–19, 33, 40, 43, 46, 48, 50, 52, 84, 134–136, 137, 183, 204, 234
William II, king of England (William Rufus), 19–20, 135–137
William IX, count of Aquitaine, 86, 91
William Clito, count of Flanders, 46
William de Valence, 180
William Longespée, earl of Salisbury, 183
William Longsword, duke of Normandy, 46
William of Malmesbury, 19
William of Mandeville, earl of Essex, 174
William of Tancarville, 96, 169, 172, 174
Winchester, 14, 67
windows, 2, 24, 58–59, 69
Windsor, 195, 234
wine, 115
women, 75–94, 111
education of, 77–78
legal status of, 76–84
political role of, 84–86
woodland country, 148–149
woodward, 139, 162, 231
Wurzburg Castle, 224
Xerigordo, Castle of, 189
yardland, 153
York, 234
Zorita de los Canes, 243
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to express their thanks to Professor C. Warren Hollister of the University of California at Santa Barbara for his helpful suggestions and corrections, and to the Northwestern University Library, the British Museum, and the British Department of the Environment.
By the Authors
Life in a Medieval City
Leonard of Pisa and the New Mathematics of the Middle Ages
Merchants and Moneymen: The Commercial Revolution, 1000–1500
Life in a Medieval Castle
Copyright
Illustration on page 173 and two on page 193 are from British Castles, by R. J. Unstead, published by the Thomas Y. Crowell Company (originally published as Castles by A. & C. Black, Ltd., London, 1970). Department of the Environment photographs, British Crown copyright, are reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Britannic Majesty’s Stationery Office.
A hardcover edition of this book was published in 1974 by Thomas Y. Crowell Company. It is here reprinted by arrangement with Thomas Y. Crowell Company..
LIFE IN A MEDIEVAL CASTLE. Copyright © 1974 by Joseph and Frances Gies.
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