by David Nasaw
5. JPK, Virginia Law School Forum speech, Dec. 12, 1950, 256, JPKP.
6. NYDM, Dec. 13, 1950; Krock, NYT, Dec. 15, 1950; Lippmann, NYHT, Dec. 19, 1950.
7. Joseph and Stewart Alsop, NYHT, Dec. 24, 1950.
8. Press release, Jan. 6, 1951, box 8, JFKPP.
9. JPK, Harmonie Club remarks, Feb. 3, 1951, box 258, JPKP.
10. BH, Feb. 7, 1951; BT, Feb. 8, 1951.
11. JFK, statement before the Committee on Foreign Relations, Feb. 22, 1951, box 6, JFKPP.
12. JFK to JPK, Mar. 13, 1951, box 6, JFKPP; REFK to children, May 7, 1951, box 4, JPKP.
13. JPK, meeting with Eisenhower, Apr. 1951, Smith, HTF, 646–50.
14. JPK to Galeazzi, May 18, 1951, box 221, JPKP.
15. Reston to JPK, Nov. 7, 1951, box 233, JPKP; JPK to Duchess of Devonshire, June 22, 1951, Smith, HTF, 650.
16. JPK to Ordway, June 11, 1951, box 232, JPKP.
17. JPK to Galeazzi, July 3, 1950, May 18, 1951, box 221, JPKP.
18. Rosenbloom, FB folders, EMKP.
19. JPK to Howey, Mar. 4, 1954, box 223, JPKP.
20. JPK to Poole, Nov. 20, 1951, box 233, JPKP.
21. EMK, TC, 95–56; EMK, in REFK, TTR, 123.
22. EMK, TC, 99.
23. JPK to Biddle, Jan. 18, 1952, box 214, JPKP.
24. JPK to Calder, Nov. 24, 1951, box 216, JPKP; EMK, TC, 95–97.
25. Cavanaugh, FB folders, EMKP.
26. John Cavanaugh to JPK, with attachments, Sept. 24, 1951, box 249, JPKL.
THIRTY-FOUR: THE NEXT SENATOR FROM MASSACHUSETTS
1. REFK, TTR, 274.
2. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 86–87.
3. JPK to McInerny, Aug. 10, 1951, box 230, JPKP.
4. JPK to JFK, Oct. 13, Nov. 2, 1951, box 4, JPKP.
5. JFK to JPK, Oct. 31, 1951, box 4, JPKP.
6. JFK, transcript of radio address, Nov. 14, 1951, box 135, JFKOF.
7. JPK to Poole, Nov. 20, 1951, box 233, JPKP.
8. Eunice Shriver, FB folders, EMKP.
9. JPK to C. Fitzgerald, Oct. 22, 1951, box 220, JPKP.
10. JPK to Calder, Nov. 24, 1951, box 216, JPKP.
11. JPK to Spivak, Jan. 4, 1952, box 235, JPKP.
12. JPK, Dec. 17, 1951 radio address, box 259, JPKP.
13. JPK to Stevenson, Jan. 8, 1952, box 259, JPKP.
14. JPK to Powers, Dec. 21, 1951, box 233, JPKP.
15. JPK to Beaverbrook, Feb. 18, 1952, c/193, Beaverbrook; REFK and RC, Jan. 4, 1972, REFKP; EMK to author, Oct. 8, 2007; Downey, FB folders, EMKP.
16. JPK to Galeazzi, Jan. 15, Feb. 19, 1952, box 221, JPKP.
17. Sargent Shriver, oral history, Blair.
18. Landis, oral history, 590, CUOH.
19. Sargent Shriver, oral history, Blair; O’Donnell, in American Journey: The Times of Robert Kennedy, interviews by Jean Stein, ed. George Plimpton (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), 40–41; O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 159.
20. Droney, oral history, Nov. 30, 1964, JFKOHP.
21. O’Donnell, in American Journey, 41.
22. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 98–99.
23. Sargent Shriver, oral history, Blair.
24. Robert David Johnson, Congress and the Cold War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 42–43; Lewin, FB folders, EMKP.
25. Schlesinger to Landis, July 10, 1952, box 288, JPKP.
26. Irwin Ross, “Joseph P. Kennedy: The True Story,” New York Post, Jan. 9, 1960.
27. Trohan, LAT, July 25, 1960.
28. James MacGregor Burns, John Kennedy: A Political Profile (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1959), 113–14; Scott Stossel, Sarge: The Life and Times of Sargent Shriver (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books, 2004), 109.
29. David Oshinsky, A Conspiracy So Immense (New York: Free Press, 1983), 239–42.
30. JPK to EMK, June 25, 1952, box 4, JPKP.
31. “Up from South Boston: The Rise & Fall of John Fox,” Time, July 7, 1958; RFK, in O’Brien, John F. Kennedy, 257.
32. JPK to Ordway, Nov. 13, 1952, 232, JPKP.
33. JPK to Clark, Nov. 15, 1952, box 216, JPKP.
THIRTY-FIVE: RETIREMENT
1. Rowe to LBJ, Jan. 12, 1953, Rowe to JPK, James Landis, Jan. 12, 1953, LBJA Famous Names, James H., Jr., LBJL.
2. JPK to Brickley, Mar. 12, 1953, box 215; JPK to C. Fitzgerald, Apr. 6, 1953, box 220, JPKP.
3. NYT, July 10, 1953; Kevin Michael Schultz, Tri-Faith America (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 76–77; JPK to Cavanaugh, July 22, 1953, box 216, JPKP.
4. JPK to RFK, Aug. 15, 1954, box 4, JPKP.
5. JPK to JFK, Aug. 19, 1954, box 4, JPKP.
6. Nichols to Tolson, May 11, 1954, part ID, JPK file, FBI.
7. Foster to JEH, July 2, 1954, JPK file, in JEH O&C, FBI.
8. JPK to JEH, Oct. 11, 1955, box 224, JPKP.
9. Memo to Tolson, Dec. 18, 1957, part VII, JPK file, FBI.
10. JPK to Calder, Dec. 31, 1952, box 288, JPKP.
11. Timothy Walch, “Some of My Best Friends Are Democrats,” in Walch, Uncommon Americans: The Lives and Legacies of Herbert and Lou Henry Hoover (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003), 225–35; JPK to REFK, Apr. 20, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
12. Foster to JEH, July 2, 1954, JPK file, in J. Edgar Hoover O&C, FBI.
13. Macdonald to JPK, n.d.; JPK to Macdonald, July 22, 1953, box 229, JPKP.
14. Christopher Lawford, Symptoms of Withdrawal (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 6.
15. EMK to author, Aug. 21, 2007.
16. JPK to Downey, Aug. 23, 1954, box 218; JPK to JPK II, Sept. 24, 1954, box 4; JPKP.
17. JPK to Champion, June 19, 1954, box 243, JPKP.
18. REFK to children, Aug. 4, 1954, box 4; JPK to REFK, July 12, 1955; JPK to JKS, July 20, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
19. JPK to EMK, Aug. 13, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
20. JPK to McInerny, Aug. 29, 1954, box 230, JPKP.
21. JPK to REFK, July 12, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
22. JFK, EKS, JKS to JPK, Oct., 1954, box 4, JPKP.
23. JPK to Downey, Aug. 23, 1954, box 218; JPK to Polly Fitzgerald, May 11, 1953, box 246, JPKP.
24. JPK, diary, Aug. 14, 1954, box 101, JPKP.
25. JPK to McInerny, Aug. 29, 1954, box 230, JPKP.
26. JPK to JFK, Aug. 19, 1954, box 4, JPKP.
27. JPK to McInerny, Aug. 29, 1954, box 230, JPKP.
28. Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, 774–75.
29. JPK to Rosenbloom, Nov. 9, 1954, box 234, JPKP.
30. Smathers to JPK, Nov. 9, 1954, box 235, JPKP.
31. JPK to Watson, Dec. 3, 1954, box 252, JPKP.
32. JPK to Jean Kerr McCarthy, n.d., box 230, JPKP.
33. REFK to JPK, July 10, 1955, box 4; JPK to RFK, July 16, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
34. JPK to Heffernan, Jan. 5, 1955, box 223, JPKP.
35. Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, 776.
36. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 115.
37. JPK to Galeazzi, Apr. 28, 1955, box 221, JPKP.
38. JPK to JFK, July 30, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
39. JPK to EMK, Sept. 3, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
40. LBJ to JPK, Aug. 25, 1956, box 225, JPKP.
41. McClellan to JPK, Sept. 11, 1954, box 230; JPK to ESK, July 20, Aug. 8, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
42. William O. Douglas, The Court Years, 1939–1975 (New York: Random House, 1980), 306.
43. JPK to Dunn, July 30, 1955, box 218, JPKP.
44. JPK to REFK, Aug. 24, 1955, box 4, JPKP.
45. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and
His Times, 137–38.
46. Droney, oral history, Nov. 30, 1964, JFKOHP.
47. EMK, TC, 108–9.
48. EMK to author, May 15, 2008.
49. EMK to author, May 15, 2008; EMK, TC, 222.
THIRTY-SIX: MAKING MONEY AND GIVING IT AWAY
1. Racine to author, Aug. 21, 2008.
2. Kravis, FB folders, EMKP.
3. Richard Austin Smith, “The Fifty-Million-Dollar Man,” Fortune, Nov. 1957; JPK to Ford, Aug. 3, 1954, box 226; JFK to JPK, July 31, 1954, box 4; JPK to JFK, Aug. 19, 1954, box 4, JPKP.
4. REFK to girls, January 1952, box 4, JPKP.
5. JPK to daughters, Feb. 18, 1952, box 4, JPKP.
6. Wright to JPK, July 3, 1953, Wright; “Miscellaneous Donations,” box 267; “Archbishop Cushing Announces,” Feb. 16, 1956, box 221, JPKP.
7. JPK to Denomy, Jan. 7, 1957, box 266; JPK to Royal, Jan. 27, 1953, box 235, JPKP.
8. JPK to Edison, Oct. 31, 1957, box 267, JPKP.
9. JPK to Spellman, June 21, 1958, S/C-27, folder 2, AANY.
10. EKS, FB folders, EMKP.
11. JPK to Rusk, Feb. 7, 1958, June 4, 1958, box 233; JPK to Bundy, May 13, 1958, box 267, JPKP.
12. EKS, FB folders, EMKP.
13. Sargent Shriver to JPK, n.d., box 2, folder 4, EKSP.
14. JPK to Sachar, May 11, 1959, box 11, JFKOF.
15. JPK to Opdenaker, Oct. 29, 1959, box 267, JPKP.
16. Elizabeth Boggs, “Federal Legislation Affecting the Mentally Retarded, 1955–1967,” Mental Retardation 3 (1971).
17. JPK to Eisenhower, Dulles, Jan. 14, 1956, box 263, JPKP.
18. William Colby and Peter Forbath, Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978), 109.
19. JPK to Galeazzi, Jan. 30, 1956, box 221, JPKP.
20. JPK to Galeazzi, Mar. 5, 1956, box 221, JPKP.
21. JPK to Cavanaugh, May 5, 1956, box 216, JPKP.
22. Colby and Forbath, Honorable Men, 129.
23. Wyzanski memo, Oct. 20, 1964, box 498, folder 11, Schlesinger.
24. “Bailey Report,” Victor Lasky, JFK: The Man and the Myth (New York: Macmillan, 1963), appendix B, 587–98; Theodore C. Sorensen, Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History (New York: Harper Collins, 2008), 159.
25. JPK to JFK, May 25, 1956, box 4, JPKP.
26. JFK to JPK, June 29, 1956, box 4, JPKP.
27. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 105.
28. JPK to Beaverbrook, June 15, 1956, c/194a, Beaverbrook; JPK to Downey, n.d., box 218, JPKP.
29. JPK to Sargent Shriver, July 18, 1956, box 236, JPKP.
30. JPK to EMK, July 18, 1956, box 4, JPKP; Dallek, An Unfinished Life, 262.
31. JPK to Galeazzi, July 30, 1956, box 222, JPKP.
32. JPK to JFK, July 23, 1956, box 4, JPKP.
33. REFK, TTR, 281.
34. Bartlett, oral history, Jan. 6, 1965, JFKOHP.
35. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 138.
36. RFK, FB folders, EMKP; JKS to author, Oct. 5, 2011.
37. JPK to Downey, Aug. 24, 1956, box 218, JPKP.
THIRTY-SEVEN: THE CATHOLIC CANDIDATE
1. JPK to Beaverbrook, Oct. 27, 1956, c/194a, Beaverbrook.
2. Theodore Sorensen, Kennedy (New York: Harper & Row, 1965), 100; REFK, diary, June 23, 1960, box 4, REFKP.
3. JPK to Galeazzi, Nov. 9, 1956, box 222, JPKP.
4. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 144.
5. Schlesinger, Robert Kennedy and His Times, 153–54.
6. JFK to LBJ, July 27, 1956, “Three Western Union Telegrams,” JFKL.
7. Burns, John Kennedy, 187; JPK to JFK, July 18, 1957, box 4, JPKP.
8. JPK to JFK, Aug. 7, 1957, box 4, JPKP.
9. Harold Martin, “The Amazing Kennedys,” Saturday Evening Post, Sept. 17, 1957, 48.
10. NYT, Oct. 28, 1957.
11. JPK to Henry Luce, Nov. 28, 1957, box 228, JPKP.
12. JPK to Galeazzi, Sept. 12, Dec. 9, 1957, box 222, JPKP.
13. Clark Clifford, with Richard Holbrooke, Counsel to the President (New York: Random House, 1991), 306–10.
14. NYT, Jan. 5, 1958; JPK to JFK, Jan. 14, 1958, box 4, JPKP.
15. JPK to Hesburgh, May 21, 1958, box 250, JPKP.
16. REFK to RFK, Feb. 19, 1958, box 4, JPKP.
17. JPK to Galeazzi, Feb. 7, 1958, box 222, JPKP.
18. JPK to Morrissey, Feb. 4, 1958, box 231; JPK to des Rosiers, Apr. 10, 1958, box 218, JPKP.
19. WP, Mar. 16, 1958.
20. WP, Mar. 15, 1959.
21. O’Brien, John F. Kennedy, 400–401.
22. JPK to Galeazzi, Apr. 15, 1958, box 222, JPKP.
23. EMK, TC, 124.
24. LBJ to JPK, Mar. 25, 1958, Senate, master file index KEM-KEQ, box 103, folder 143, LBJL; Lawrence O’Brien, No Final Victories (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1954), 54–55; O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 160.
25. JPK to McIntyre, June 6, 1958, box 230, JPKP.
26. Knebel, “Democratic Forecast: A Catholic in 1960,” Look, Mar. 3, 1959.
27. Cogley, oral history, Feb. 20, 1966, JFKOHP.
28. Commonweal, Mar. 20, 1959.
29. JPK to Galeazzi, Mar. 30, 1959, box 222, JPKP.
30. JPK to Galeazzi, Apr. 17, 1959, box 222, JPKP.
31. Cushing, oral history, 1966; Cogley, oral history, 1968, JFKOHP.
32. JPK to Galeazzi, Apr. 17, 1959, box 222, JPKP.
THIRTY-EIGHT: ELECTING A PRESIDENT
1. Sorensen, Kennedy, 119–21; Sorensen, Counselor, 180.
2. REFK, diary, June 23, 1960, box 4, REFKP; NYT, Oct. 23, 1959.
3. JPK to Galeazzi, Jan. 1, 1960, box 222, JPKP.
4. Krock, NYT, Jan. 10, 1958.
5. JPK to Galeazzi, Mar. 9, 1960, box 222, JPKP.
6. JPK to Harry Brandt, Jan. 27, 1960, box 214, JPKP.
7. JPK to RFK, Feb. 8, 1960, box 248, JFKPP.
8. JPK to Steve Smith, Feb. 8, 1960, box 4, JPKP.
9. David Lawrence, oral history, Jan. 26, 1966, JFKOHP.
10. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 92.
11. JPK to Galeazzi, Mar. 9, 31, 1960, box 222, JPKP.
12. Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, 797.
13. NYT, Feb. 21, 1960; JPK to Beaverbrook, Feb. 18, 1960, c/194b; Beaverbrook.
14. Carrillo to JPK, Mar. 25, 1960; JPK to Carrillo, Apr. 4, 1960, box 216, JPKP.
15. NYT, Apr. 9, 1960.
16. JPK to Clemens, Apr. 4, 1960, box 216, JPKP.
17. Drew Pearson, WP, Apr. 5, 1960.
18. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 180.
19. JPK to M. Morrissey, Apr. 8, 1960, box 230, JPKP.
20. JPK to Beaverbrook, Apr. 20, 1960, c/194b, Beaverbrook.
21. Benjamin C. Bradlee, Conversations with Kennedy (New York: Norton, 1975), 16.
22. Racine to author, Mar. 19, 2009.
23. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 186–88.
24. NYT, Apr. 22, 1960; O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 187–88; Sorensen, Kennedy, 145.
25. NYT, May 18, 1960.
26. JPK to Galeazzi, May 27, 1960, box 222, JPKP.
27. BP, May 22, 1960.
28. Sorensen, Kennedy, 152; Timilty, FB folders, EMKP.
29. Robert A. Caro, The Passage of Power (New York: Random House, 2012), 95–97.
30. Seigenthaler, oral history, July 22, 1964, JFKOHP; “Pride of the Clan,” Time, July 11, 1960.
31. EMK, TC, 150.
32. Charles Ba
rtlett, oral history, Jan 6, 1965, JFKOHP.
33. Charles Spalding, oral history, Blair.
34. Henry Luce, oral history, Nov. 11, 1965, JPKOHP.
35. Newsweek, Aug. 8, 1960.
36. “A Talk with the Silent Kennedy,” U.S. News & World Report, Aug. 22, 1960.
37. Pearson, “The Daily Washington Merry-Go-Round,” July 11, 1960, http://www .aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.
38. NYT, Sept. 1, 1960.
39. Anti-Kennedy pamphlet, box 31, Schiff.
40. Feldman to JPK, Oct. 11, 1960, box 219, JPKP.
41. JPK to Beaverbrook, Sept. 9, 1960, c/194b, Beaverbrook.
42. “Protestant Unit Wary on Kennedy,” NYT, Sep. 8, 1960.
43. JFK, “Address to the Greater Houston Ministerial Association,” Sept. 12, 1960, JFKL.
44. Theodore White, The Making of the President (New York: Atheneum, 1960), 346.
45. Sorensen, Counselor, 190.
46. NYT, May 25, 1960, 13; NYT, May 31, 1960, 23.
47. Debate transcript, NYT, Oct. 8, 1960.
48. JPK, “An American Foreign Policy for Americans,” Dec. 12, 1950, box 256; “Excerpts from Kennedy Talk on Cuba,” NYT, Oct. 7, 1960.
49. Frank Stanton, oral history, 331–32, CUOH.
50. “Spellman Sees,” NYT, Oct. 24, 1960, 1.
51. Sorensen, Kennedy, 208–9; Lawrence Fuchs, Kennedy and American Catholicism (New York: Meredith Press, 1967), 184–85.
52. O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 245.
THIRTY-NINE: “HE BELONGS TO THE COUNTRY”
1. EMK, TC, 158; O’Donnell and Powers, “Johnny, We Hardly Knew Ye,” 250–51.
2. REFK, TTR, 322.
3. Jacqueline Kennedy, Historic Conversations on Life with John F. Kennedy (New York: Hyperion, 2011), 97.
4. Jacques Lowe, JFK Remembered (New York: Random House, 1993), 100.
5. REFK, TTR, 323.
6. “Winner’s Pledge,” NYT, Nov. 10, 1960, 1.
7. EMK, TC, 158.
8. Hugh Sidey, “Joe Kennedy’s Feelings About His Son, Life, Dec. 19, 1960, 32.
9. Sorensen, Kennedy, 223; Philip E. Converse et al., “Stability and Change in 1960: A Reinstating Election,” American Political Science Review 55, no. 2 (June 1961): 278.