Thunder at Twilight

by Frederic Morton

  Bankruptcy Ball: IWE, Jan. 15, 1913; AZ, Jan. 15, 1913.

  Parliament vote: AZ, Jan. 16, 1913.

  Weather: AZ, Jan. 15-17, 1913.

  Auersperg ball: Auersperg, p. 65.

  Greengrocer ball: Schlögl, pp. 40-43.

  Trotsky details: My Life, pp. 230, 207-9; interviews with Dr. and Mrs. Erwin Chargaff; Wolfe, p. 186; J. Sydney Jones, pp. 164-65.

  Stalin details: Deutscher, Stalin, p. 210; J. Sydney Jones, p. 249; Delbar, p. 64; I. S. Levin, pp. 96-97.

  Archduke Franz Ferdinand details: Kiszling, pp. 192-93.

  Tito details: Vinterhalter, p. 44; Auty, p. 29; Dedijer, Tito, p. 30.

  Auto Mechanics Ball: IWE, Jan. 25, 1913.

  Freud details: Clark, pp. 352-53.

  Hitler details: J. Sydney Jones, pp. 120, 145, 229, and passim; Maser, pp. 33-36.

  CHAPTER 2 (pages 15-23)

  Duties of Minister of Exterior Affairs: AZ, June 23, 1913.

  Ethnic statistics and details: May, p. 428; A. J. P. Taylor, pp. 221, 263, 265; Kiszling, p. 215; Corti, p. 312; Dedijer, Sarajevo, pp. 70, 75, 110.

  On nationalities’ problem: Possony, p. 149.

  Lenin on Stalin: Wolfe, p. 577.

  Troyanovsky details: Smith, pp. 279, 284.

  Trotsky on Stalin encounter: Deutscher, The Prophet Armed, p. 209.

  Stalin letter quote: Smith, p. 276. Stalin’s treatise on nationalities: Wolfe, p. 581; Smith, pp. 292-94; Hingley, pp. 71-73.

  Stalin’s activities in Vienna: Deutscher, Stalin, p. 117.

  CHAPTER 3 (pages 24-40)

  Schuhmeier assassination: NFP and AZ, Feb. 12, 13, 14, 1913.

  Schönberg concert riot: Spiel, p. 172.

  Student keller fights: AZ, Mar. 26, 1913.

  Attack on Negro: AZ, Apr. 8, 1913.

  Schuhmeier funeral: Barea, p. 344; J. Sydney Jones, p. 251; Johnston, p. 101; AZ, Feb. 17, 1913.

  Housemaids’ hours: AZ, July 24, 1913.

  Schuhmeier’s Parliament speeches and housing conditions: Barea, pp. 336-37.

  Vanderbilt quote on Austrian aristocrats: Barea, p. 356.

  Theodore Roosevelt quote on same: Tuchman, Proud Tower, p. 327.

  Austrian aristocrats, details: Auersperg, pp. 28, 32, 40-45; Friedländer, Glanz, p. 194; Fritsche, pp. 265, 363-66.

  Princess Metternich sobriquet: Barea, p. 323.

  Franz Ferdinand insanity rumors: Steed, Thirty Years, p. 367; Auersperg, p. 78.

  Franz Ferdinand’s courtship and marriage: Brook-Shepherd, pp. 77, 91, 108-10; Kiszling, pp. 39-47.

  Franz Ferdinand and General Conrad: Kiszling, pp.160-200 passim.

  General Conrad’s tic: Redlich, p. 197.

  Franz Ferdinand remarks at Duke of Wurtemburg dinner: Kiszling, p. 193.

  Franz Ferdinand letter to Berchtold: Kann, pp. 219-20.

  Franz Ferdinand’s emissary’s message to General Conrad: Kiszling, pp. 196-97

  Correspondence between Franz Ferdinand and Kaiser Wilhelm: Kann, p. 80; Kiszling, p. 198.

  Emperor Franz Joseph’s message to Tsar: Kiszling, pp. 193-94.

  Reduction of Austrian forces at Russian border and Franz Ferdinand’s travel south: Kiszling, p. 199.

  CHAPTER 4 (pages 41-53)

  March/April mood and weather in Vienna: IWE and Fremd., April 1913 issues passim

  Spring suicide statistics and Warmstuben: AZ, Mar. 3, 1913.

  Dante’s Inferno film and Vienna weather: AZ, April 1913 issues passim.

  German Consul General’s dinner party: Redlich, p. 194.

  May weather and blossoms in Vienna: IWE and NFP, early May issues passim.

  Spring description by Trotsky’s wife: Trotsky, p. 230.

  Trotsky quotes on Russia versus the West: Deutscher, Trotsky, pp. 180-93 passim.

  Stalin’s arrest: Deutscher, Stalin, p. 122.

  Trotsky and art in Vienna: Deutscher, Trotsky, 184.

  Trotsky and Viennese Socialist café intellectuals: Trotsky, My Life, pp. 207-11.

  Trotsky and psychoanalysis: Trotsky, My Life, p. 220.

  Freud-Trotsky analogies: Clark, p. 196; Wolf, p. 254.

  Freud conquistador quote: Clark, p. 212.

  Freud on Adler: Clark, p. 311.

  Freud’s patronage of Café Landtmann: based on research by Timms and conveyed to this author in interview in 1988, New York.

  Freud’s evening habits: Clark, p. 217.

  Freud’s self-confessed philistinism: Clark, p. 196.

  Dr. Starr on Freud’s morals: Clark, p. 324.

  Freud’s comment on Starr’s charges: Clark, p. 324.

  Jung on Freud’s “triangle”: Portable Jung, p. xviii.

  Freud’s mushroom hunting: Clark, p. 199; Martin Freud, p. 59.

  Psycho-Analytical Society Spring Outing: Ernest Jones, vol. 2, p. 99.

  CHAPTER 5 (pages 54-62)

  On May Day parade conception at Berggasse 19: Clark, p. 112.

  May Day weather and workers’ march: AZ, May 2, 1913.

  May 1 as aristocrats’ promenade: Groner, p. 446.

  Upper class fear of May Day march: Barea, pp. 310-11.

  Stefan Zweig on same subject: Barea, p. 312.

  Hitler on May Day: Mein Kampf, pp. 40-43.

  Hitler and prostitutes: J. Sydney Jones, pp. 58-59.

  Hitler’s philosophy formed in Vienna: Hitler, p. 30.

  Hitler’s departure for Germany: Bullock, p. 47.

  Hitler’s last days in Vienna, revisiting old haunts: J. Sydney Jones, p. 243

  Hitler’s draft-dodging: J. Sydney Jones, p. 252. Redlich-Krobatin encounter: Redlich, p. 198. Montenegro crisis and its end: Redlich, p. 199; May, p. 464; Kiszling, p 204.

  Montenegro, Franz Ferdinand, and Redl: Asprey, p. 263.

  Franz Ferdinand at Konopiste: Auersperg, p. 87.

  Kaiser’s daughter’s marriage: Kiszling, p. 204

  Franz Ferdinand’s Derby plans: Brook-Shepherd, p. 93; Fritsche, p. 371.

  CHAPTER 6 (pages 63-76)

  May weather: IWE, May 26, 1913.

  Hitler departs Vienna, May 24, 1913: J. Sydney Jones, p. 253.

  Detectives’ stakeout: Asprey, p. 237.

  Why the stakeout: Asprey, p. 236.

  Further stakeout background: Asprey, pp. 237-38.

  Colonel Redl details: Asprey, p. 269.

  Stakeout pays off: Asprey, pp. 243-46.

  General Conrad gets Redl news at Grand Hotel: Asprey, pp. 252-53.

  Redl instructed to commit suicide at Hotel Klomser: Asprey, pp. 256-58.

  Redl news as initially presented in Vienna press: Asprey, pp. 262-63.

  Redl fully exposed in press (Kisch story): Asprey, pp. 264-66.

  Redl’s decorations and honors: Asprey, pp. 194, 222-23, 150.

  Redl’s corruption: Asprey, pp. 263, 272.

  Redl’s treason details, information betrayed: INSJ, October 1987, p. 187.

  Repercussions of Redl case: Asprey, pp. 266, 287-90.

  Exclusion of Franz Ferdinand from Imperial wedding in Germany: Kiszling, p. 205.

  Franz Ferdinand accuses General Conrad on Redl: Redlich, p. 202; Asprey, p. 280.

  Berlin reaction to Redl: Asprey, p. 286.

  Franz Joseph’s reaction to Redl: Corti, p. 394.

  CHAPTER 7 (pages 77-88)

  Background and description of Corpus Christi procession: Auersperg, p. 63; Friedländer, Glanz, pp. 33-38; IWE, May 23, 1913.

  Derby details: Fritsche, pp. 371-73; IWE, June 9, 1913.

  Redl’s poor childhood: Asprey, pp. 25-26.

  Redl’s brothers change names: Asprey, p. 289.

  Zweig’s reaction to Redl: Asprey, p. 267.

  Zeppelin over Vienna: AZ, June 10, 1913.

  Ladies fainting in Berlin: AZ, June 15, 1913.

  Theater fire: AZ, June 18, 1913.

  Film watching causes speech regression: WMW, July 1913.

  Genesis of Second Balkan War: May, p. 465.

  Hot summer and police helmets: AZ, June 5, 1913.

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p; Postal unemployed: AZ, July 2, 1913.

  Poor in New York heat: AZ, July 5, 1913.

  History of Franz Joseph-Schratt relationship: Haslip, pp. 63, 70.

  Franz Joseph remark on monarchy going under: Corti, p. 431.

  CHAPTER 8 (pages 89-108)

  Franz Ferdinand’s efforts to restrain Austria: Kiszling, p. 210.

  Franz Joseph’s letter to Schratt: Briefe, p. 392.

  Franz Joseph’s military and diplomatic decisions: NFP and AZ, Aug. 1-10, 1913, issues; Kiszling, pp. 211-12.

  Hitler draft-evasion investigation: Fest, p. 61.

  Assassination attempt on Governor of Croatia: Dedijer, Sarajevo, pp. 273-75.

  Aljinović threatening Franz Ferdinand: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 276.

  Franz Ferdinand’s letter to Berchtold: Kann, p. 223.

  Franz Ferdinand’s sigh about “how” Franz Ferdinand is: Auersperg, p. 89.

  Austria sponsoring Lenin: Lenin, p. 146; Possony, pp. 134-38.

  Bolshevik “summer conference”: Possony, pp. 145-46.

  Trotsky and 1905 revolution: Wolfe, pp. 285, 333.

  Trotsky versus Lenin: Wolfe, p. 253.

  Lenin on Trotsky (“absurd, semi-anarchist. . .”): Wolfe, p. 292.

  Trotsky on Lenin (“master-squabbler . . .”): Shub, p. 75.

  Trotsky off to cover Balkan war: Deutscher, Trotsky, pp. 205-6.

  Freud off to Marienbad: Jones, vol. 2, p. 99.

  Jones on Freud’s structuring of International Psycho-Analytical Association: Clark, p. 296.

  Freud on Jung as his successor: Clark, pp. 296-97.

  Jung on Freud’s libido dogma: Portable Jung, pp. xviii-xix.

  Jung abandoning Freud’s libido dogma: Clark, pp. 330-31.

  Jung defies Freud in letter to him: Clark, pp. 328-29.

  Kaiser anniversary: NFP, Jan. 28, 1913.

  Tsar newsreels: AZ, Aug. 19, 1913.

  Rilke on Russian exiles: Leppmann, p. 121.

  Freud’s reply to Jung: Clark, p. 329.

  Totem and Taboo as part of Freud’s anti-Jung stance: Clark, p. 352.

  Freud’s rheumatism: Jones, vol. 2, pp. 99-100.

  Freud in the Dolomites: Jones, vol. 2, pp. 100-101.

  Psycho-Analytical Congress maneuvering: Jones, vol. 2, pp. 148-52; Clark, p. 331

  Jung to Jones on not voting “Christian”: Jones, vol. 2, p. 102.

  Freud’s “delicious days” quote: Jones, vol. 2, p. 103.

  Freud’s “lonely weeks” quote: Clark, p. 358; Bakan, p. 123.

  Freud’s Rome neurosis: Clark, p. 200; Bakan, p. 177.

  Freud’s first Rome visit in 1901: Clark, p. 202.

  Freud’s Moses identification: Clark, pp. 12, 358, 360.

  Freud as “good hater”: Clark, p. 333.

  Dreiser on Freud: Clark, p. 421.

  Freud quotes on Michelangelo’s Moses: Bakan, pp. 125-26; Clark, p. 359.

  Freud’s “nonanalytic child” quote: Clark, p. 358.

  Freud on Michelangelo and Pope Julius II: Bakan, p. 127.

  Freud’s conciliatory intentions vis-á-vis Jung: Jones, vol. 2, p. 149.

  CHAPTER 9 (pages 109-127)

  Bregenz peace meeting details: AZ, Aug. 5, 1913.

  Vienna’s mellow summer scenes: AZ, Aug. 7 and 13, 1913.

  Schuhmeier widow asks lenience for killer: AZ, Sept. 11, 1913.

  Zionist Congress: AZ, Sept. 19, 1913.

  Kafka in Vienna that September: Hayman, p. 168.

  Franz Joseph and Kinetophone in Ischl: Corti, p. 394.

  Franz Joseph appoints Franz Ferdinand Inspector General: Kiszling, p. 261.

  Franz Joseph return to Vienna September 3: AZ, Sept. 4, 1913.

  Fall fashions: IWE, Sept. 29, 1913; AZ, Nov. 30, 1913.

  Fiacres encouraged: AZ, Nov. 10, 1913.

  Tangos at Industrialists’ Ball: Fremd., Sept. 28, 1913.

  Tangos taboo with Kaiser: Cowles, p. 65.

  Cotillion at Industrialists’ Ball: IWE, Nov. 1, 1913.

  Austria and Balkan situation: NFP, September and October issues passim.

  Franz Ferdinand on “Serb horror stories”: Kann, p. 231.

  Austrian naval build-up: AZ, Oct. 1, 1913.

  Berchtold peaceable: AZ, Oct. 2, 1913.

  Pa§ić communiqué: Fremd., Oct. 4, 1913.

  Bolshevik “summer conference” and consequences in Russia: Possony, p. 146; Shub, p. 72.

  Lenin on Austria’s superior handling of nationalities: Possony, p. 149.

  Beilis case: AZ, Oct. 7, Nov. 10, 1913.

  Pleasant Churchill speech: AZ, Oct. 19, 1913.

  Woodrow Wilson published in German: AZ, Sept. 5, 1913.

  William Jennings Bryan peace performance: AZ, Sept. 5, 1913.

  Jim Brady quote: IWE, Sept. 3, 1913.

  Franz Ferdinand royal English hunt announced: WZ, Oct. 1, 1913.

  Sophie incognito luncheon guest at Buckingham Palace: Brook-Shepherd, p. 204.

  Franz Ferdinand informs General Conrad on Sarajevo plans via Potiorek: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 286.

  Chicago plans to kill Franz Ferdinand: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 276.

  Bohemian maneuvers: Kiszling, pp. 262-63.

  Franz Ferdinand urges modern navy: Brook-Shepherd, p. 142.

  Franz Ferdinand barks at Conrad: Kiszling, p. 265.

  Conrad to Gina quotes: Gina Conrad von Hötzendorf, pp. 72, 77, 84.

  Conrad offers resignation: Kiszling, p. 265.

  Franz Ferdinand choice for Conrad successor: Kiszling, p. 266.

  Franz Ferdinand summoned to Hofburg: Auersperg, p. 101

  Franz Ferdinand’s friendly letter to Conrad: Kiszling, p. 266.

  Kaiser to Franz Ferdinand on Albania: Corti, p. 391.

  Conrad-Franz Joseph exchange on Germany’s commitment: Corti, pp. 381-82.

  Franz Ferdinand versus Conrad Leipzig scene: Kiszling, pp. 268-69.

  Post-Leipzig jockeyings of Conrad and Franz Ferdinand: Kann, p. 232; Auersperg, p. 102.

  Austrian and Italian demarches to Serbia: May, p. 468.

  Serbia yields: May, p. 468.

  Franz Ferdinand letter to Berchtold: Kann, p. 233.

  Franz Ferdinand host to Kaiser at Konopiste: Kiszling, pp. 269-70; Brook-Shepherd, pp. 89-90.

  CHAPTER 10 (pages 128-131)

  Franz Ferdinand shooting at Windsor: Brook-Shepherd, pp. 207-10.

  London Times quote on visit: AZ, Nov. 25, 1913.

  Russian Prime Minister toast in Berlin: AZ, Nov. 20, 1913.

  Total of game killed at Windsor: Fremd., Nov. 23, 1913.

  CHAPTER 11 (pages 132-145)

  Trotsky mood: Trotsky, My Life, p. 230, and interview with Dr. and Mrs. Erwin Chargaff.

  Trotsky “human locust” quote: Trotsky, My Life, p. 227.

  Trotsky’s Bulgaria sympathy: Deutscher, Trotsky, p. 205.

  Meeting of Bulgarian King and Franz Joseph: Fremd., Nov. 19, 1913.

  Schratt soiree for Bulgarian King: Haslip, p. 260.

  Vienna celebrates triumph-over-Napoleon centennial: Corti, p. 395; NFP, Oct. 17, 1913.

  Franz Joseph at celebration: “Wein 1913: Wartesaal der Geschichte” (newsreel of event in Austrian State Television documentary).

  All Souls’ Day: Friedländer, Glanz, p. 344; 1WE, Nov. 3, 1913.

  Caruso in Vienna: AZ, Sept. 13, 1913.

  Maria Jeritza in Girl of the Golden West: AZ, Sept. 19, 1913.

  Jascha Heifetz: AZ, Mar. 1, 1914, referring to earlier appearance.

  Pygmalion: AZ and NFP, Oct. 16, 1913.

  Everyman: AZ, Dec. 20, 1913.

  Thomas Mann: AZ, Dec. 6, 1913.

  Jack Johnson, boxing champion: AZ, Sept. 17, 1913.

  Chess champ Lasker: AZ, Nov. 29, 1913.

  John Galsworthy: AZ, Oct. 7, 1913.

  Zola’s Germinal: AZ, Sept. 3, 1913.

  Austrian economics: Jaszi, pp. 209-12; AZ, Dec. 20, 1913.

  Slum scenes: AZ, Jan. 19, 1914.

  Suicide statistics: AZ, Jan. 7, 1914.<
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  Funeral habits: Friedländer, Glanz, p. 233.

  Warm fall and winter weather: AZ, Oct. 5, Dec. 5, Dec. 7, and Dec. 30, 1913.

  Warm-winter scenes: AZ, Dec. 7, 1913; IWE, Dec. 27, 1913.

  Christmas scenes: Wilhelm, p. 97; Friedländer, Glanz, pp. 196-99.

  New Year’s Eve scene: AZ and IWE, Jan. 2, 1914.

  Pummerin: Groner, p. 450.

  CHAPTER 12 (pages 146-151)

  Molten-lead game: author’s interviews.

  Archducal baby: AZ, Jan. 9, 1914.

  Fifty-two suicides: AZ, Feb. 26, 1914.

  Sudden blizzard: AZ, Jan. 9, 1914.

  Serb cable on Habsburg baby: WZ, Jan. 11, 1914.

  Serb Prince on Prime Minister to Russia: May, p. 469.

  French-Russian ties against Central Powers: Corti, p. 403.

  Conrad pushes for military preparedness: Kiszling, p. 270.

  Franz Ferdinand counters Conrad: Brook-Shepherd, p. 211; Auersperg, p. 187.

  Conrad’s measures: Kiszling, p. 271.

  Hitler’s arrest and his letter: Maser, pp. 39-42; Bullock, p. 48.

  CHAPTER 13 (pages 152-160)

  Ilić details: Dedijer, Sarajevo, pp. 184-85.

  Princip details: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 192.

  Young Bosnians: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 175.

  “Only our poets and revolutionaries awake”: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 230.

  Young Bosnians’ abstinence: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 208.

  Ilić in Second Balkan War: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 185.

  Princip tries to enlist in Second Balkan War: Dedijer, Sarajevo, pp. 195-96.

  Princip’s favorite Nietzsche lines: Dedijer, Sarajevo, p. 288.

  Princip and Ilić discuss killing Franz Ferdinand, and Princip leaves for Belgrade, via his native village: Dedijer, Sarajevo, pp. 283-84.

  Kokoschka details: Whitford, pp. 36-37.

  Kokoschka and Alma Mahler and the painting Tempest: Whitford, pp. 94-95

  Kokoschka on his Tempest: Spiel, p. 193.

  Haugwitz gala: Fritsche, p. 258.

  Bank Employees’ Ball: Fremd., Jan. 22, 1914.

  Public Bath Attendants’ Ball: AZ, Jan. 20, 1914.

  Laundresses’ ball: NWT, Feb. 9, 1914.

  Ball at Court details: Brook-Shepherd, p. 211; Corti, pp. 407-8; Auersperg, p. 67.