British Admirals of the Fleet

by T A Heathcote

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  Macintyre, D., Fighting Admiral. The Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Somerville, London, 1961.

  MacKay, Ruddock, Fisher of Kilverstone, Oxford, 1973.

  —— Admiral Hawke, Oxford, 1965.

  Mahan, Alfred T, Types of Naval Officers. Drawn from the History of the British Navy [inc Hawke, Howe, Jervis (St Vincent)], London, 1902.

  Marder, Arthur J., Fear God and Dread Nought; the correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone, 3 vols., London, 1952–59.

  Marshall, John, Royal Naval Biography [1760–1823], 13 vols., London, 1823.

  Mason, George, The Life of Richard, Earl Howe, London, 1803.

  Masson, Madeline, Edwina. The Biography of the Countess Mountbatten of Burma, London, 1948.

  May, William Henry [AF Sir W. H. May], Memoirs, 1863–1930, London and Beccles, 1934.

  Molloy, Fitzgerald, The Sailor King. William the Fourth, His Court and His Subjects, London, 1903.

  Moresby, John, Two Admirals. Admiral of the Fleet Sir Fairfax Moresby and his son John Moresby, London, 1909.

  Mundy, George Rodney, (AF Sir George Mundy), Narrative of events in Borneo … the operations of HMS Iris, 2 vols., 1848.

  —— HMS Hannibal at Palermo and Naples during the Italian Revolution, 1863.

  Murfett, Malcolm H., (ed.), The First Sea Lords: from Fisher to Mountbatten, London, 1995.

  Murphy, R., Last Viceroy. Life and Times of Rear-Admiral The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, London, 1948.

  O’Byrne, William R, A Naval Biographical Dictionary, comprising the life and services of every living officer in Her Majesty’s Navy, London, 1849, reprinted 1986.

  Ollard, Richard, Fisher and Cunningham. A study in the Personalities of the Churchill Era, London, 1991.

  Pack, S.W.C., Cunningham the Commander [life of AF Viscount Cunningham], London, 1974.

  Patterson, A. Temple, Jellicoe. A Biography, London, 1969.

  —— (ed.), The Jellicoe Papers, 2 vols., Navy Records Soc, 1946–48.

  Penn, Geoffrey, Fisher, Churchill and the Dardanelles, Barnsley, 1999.

  —— Infighting Admirals. Fisher’s Feud with Beresford and the Reactionaries, Barnsley, 2001.

  Perrett, Bryan, The Real Hornblower. The Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir James Alexander Gordon, GCB, London, 1998.

  Phillimore, Augustus, The Life of Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Parker from 1781 to 1866, 2 vols., London, 1876–79.

  Ralfe, J., The Naval Biography of Great Britain: consisting of Historical Memoires of those officers of the British Navy who distinguished themselves during the reign of His Majesty George III, 4 vols., London, 1828.

  Rawson, Geoffrey, Beatty, Admiral of the Fleet, London, 1930.

  Rooke, P.E., ed., Theobalds through the Centuries. The changing fortunes of a Hertfordshire house and estate [home of AF Sir Hedworth Meux], Cheshunt, 1980

  Roskill, Stephen W., Churchill and the Admirals, London, 1977.

  —— Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty. The Last Naval Hero. An Intimate Biography, London 1981.

  Seymour, Edward Hobart, My naval career and travels [memoirs of AF Sir Edward Seymour], London, 1911.

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  —— The Cunningham Papers, Navy Records Society, London, 1995.

  Somerset, Anne, The Life and Times of William IV, London, 1980.

  Southam, Brian, Jane Austen and the Navy, London, 2000.

  Stephen, M., The Fighting Admirals. British Admirals of the Second World War, London, 1991.

  Stuart (Finlay), Vivian Felix, The beloved little admiral. The life and times of Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Keppel, London, 1967.

  Swinson, Arthur, Mountbatten, London, 1973.

  Syrett, David, and Dinardo, R.L., (ed.), The Commissioned Sea Officers of the Royal Navy 1660–1815, Navy Records Society, London, 1994.

  Terraine, John, The Life and Times of Lord Mountbatten, London, 1968.

  Thompson, Grace E., The Patriot King; the life of William IV, London, 1932.

  Tomalin, Claire, Mrs Jordan’s Profession [William IV], London, 2000.

  Tucker, Jediah Stevens, Memoirs of Admiral the Right Hon. The Earl of St. Vincent, etc., 2 vols., London, 1844.

  Vesey-Hamilton, Richard, Letters and Papers of Sir T Byam (Naval Records Society Journal, Vol XXIV)

  Vian, Philip Louis, Action This Day [memoirs of AF Sir Philip Vian], London, 1960.

  Walter, Richard, and Robins, Benjamin, (ed. Williams, Glyndwr), A Voyage round the World in the Years MDCCXL, I, II, III, IV by George Anson, London, 1974.

  Warner, O., Cunningham of Hyndhope, Admiral of the Fleet. A Memoir, London, 1967.

  West, Algernon Edward, Memoir of Sir Henry Keppel, GCB, Admiral of the Fleet, London, 1945.

  Williams, Glyn, The Prize of all the Oceans [AF Lord Anson], London, 2000.

  Winton, John, Jellicoe, London, 1981.

  —— Cunningham [life of AF Viscount Cunningham], London, 1998.

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  Ziegler, Philip, King William IV, London, 1971.

  —— Mountbatten. The official biography, London, 1985.

  —— From Shore to Shore. The Tour Diaries of Earl Mountbatten 1957–1979, London, 1980.

  —— (ed.) Personal Diary of Admiral the Lord Louis Mountbatten, London, 1988.

  GENERAL NAVAL HISTORIES

  Andidora, Ronald, Iron Admirals. Naval Leadership in the Twentieth Century, London, 2000.

  Arthur, Max, The True Glory. The Royal Navy 1914–39. A Narrative History, London, 1996.

  Bennett, G., Naval Battles of the First World War, London, 1968.

  Clowes, William Laird, The Royal Navy, 7 vols., London, 1897–1903.

  Gardiner, Leslie, The British Admiralty, London, 1968.

  Herwig, Holger H., The German Naval Officer Corps. A Social and Political History 1890–1914, Oxford, 1973.

  Hill-Norton, Peter [AF Sir Peter Hill-Norton] No Soft Options, London, 1978.

  —— Sea Power, London, 1982.

  Hough, Richard, Naval Battles of the Twentieth Century, London, 1988.

  —— “Luxury” Fleet. The Imperial German Navy 1888–1914, London, 1980.

  Hughes, E.A., The Royal Naval College at Dartmouth, London, 1950.

  Ireland, Bernard, Naval Warfare in the Age of Sail: War at Sea 1756–1805, London, 2000.

  Jackson, William, and Bramall, Edwin, The Chiefs. The Story of the United Kingdom Chiefs of Staff, London, 1992.

  Jellicoe, John [AF Lord Jellicoe], The Grand Fleet, London, 1919.

  Kemp, Peter K. (ed.), History of the Royal Navy, London, 1969.

  —— The Oxford Companion to Ships and the Sea, Oxford, 1976.

  Lambert, Andrew, Battleships in transition: The Creation of the Steam Battlefleet 1825–1860, London, 1983.

  —— The Last Sailing Battlefleet: Ma
intaining Naval Mastery 1815–1850, London, 1991.

  —— War at Sea in the Age of Sail 1650–1850, London, 2000.

  Lambi, Ivo Nikolai, The Navy and German Power Politics 1862–1914, Boston, Mass., 1984.

  Lewis, Michael, The Navy of Britain. A Historical Portrait, London, 1948.

  —— England’s Sea Officers, London 1948.

  —— A Social History of the Navy 1793–1815, London, 1960.

  —— The Navy in Transition. A Social History 1814–1864, London, 1965.

  Lloyd, Christopher, The Navy and the Slave Trade. The Suppression of the African Slave Trade in the Nineteenth Century, London, 1949.

  Marder, Arthur J., The Anatomy of British Sea Power, New York, 1940 [also pub. as British Naval Policy, 1880–1905, London, 1946].

  —— From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: the Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919, 5 vols., London, 1961–70.

  Miller, Nathan, Broadsides. The Age of Fighting Sail, 1776–1815, New York, 2000.

  Oswald, J.J.R., [AF Sir Julian Oswald], The Royal Navy – Today and Tomorrow, London, 1993.

  Parkinson, C. Northcote. Britannia Rules. The Classic Age of Naval History 1793–1815, London, 1977.

  Rodger, N.A.M., The Admiralty, London, 1979.

  Roskill, Stephen W., The War at Sea 1939–45, 3 vols. London, 1954–60.

  Willmott, H.P., Grave of a Dozen Schemes. British Naval Planning and the War against Japan 1943–45, London, 1996.

  Winton, John, The Forgotten Fleet [The British Pacific Fleet, 1944–45], London, 1967.

  INDEX

  Aboukir (Aug 1800), 18

  Abyssinia see Ethiopia

  Acre, Palestine (Akko, Israel), 52, 71, 237

  Aden, 16, 155

  Adriatic, 37, 102, 177, 254

  Aegean, 138, 151

  Albania, 37, 51, 71, 118, 144, 237

  Albert Victor, HRH Prince, 97, 171, 180, 250

  Alcester, Lord see Seymour, Adm Sir Beauchamp

  Alexander, A V, Lord Alexander of Hillsborough, First Lord of the Admiralty, Minister of Defence, 60, 64, 75

  Alexandria, Egypt, 59–60, 85, 213, 247; (21 Mar 1801) 46, 165; bombardment of (11 Jul 1882), 80, 121, 172, 238, 266; landings (Aug 1882), 172, 180, 266

  Alexandria, Virginia (Aug 1814), 102

  Alfred Ernest Albert, HRH Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, 9–11, 23, 179

  Altmark Incident (1940), 246

  American Civil War (1861–65), 72, 117, 119, 160, 175

  American War of Independence (1775–83), 45, 73, 87, 92, 94, 105, 117, 124, 133, 165, 198, 201, 205, 211, 254, 256

  American War of 1812 (1812–15), 19, 46, 49, 50, 96, 102, 110, 206, 230, 239, 249

  Anglo-Boer South African War (1881), 221

  Anglo-Boer South African War (1899–1902), 36, 57, 118, 172, 173, 202, 250, 261

  Anglo-Irish Protestant Ascendancy, 23, 65, 144, 162, 220, 254

  Anson, Sir George, Lord Anson, 11–43, 87, 107, 109, 122, 132, 223

  anti-piracy operations, 11, 19, 47, 51, 110, 123, 142, 177, 191, 199, 217, 222, 224, 228

  anti-slave-trade operations, 19, 118–19, 175, 178

  anti-smuggling operations, 11, 222

  Antwerp, 191, 202

  Anzac Cove, 251 see also Dardanelles; Gallipoli

  Anzio landings (Jan- May 1944), 63

  Aqaba, 31, 88

  Arabi (‘Urbi) Pasha, 80, 121, 172, 180, 238, 266

  Arctic, 63, 89, 105, 114, 156, 162, 169, 213, 218, 228, 242; (1941–44), 14

  Argentina, 53, 78, 115–16, 124, 152, 159, 226, 235

  armoured trains, 74, 80, 266

  Ashanti Wars; second (1873–74), 54, 193; fourth (1896), 104

  Ashmore, Sir Edward, 14–16, 22, 240

  Asquith, Herbert, Prime Minister, 83, 84, 127, 130, 169–70, 269

  Atbara, Sudan (8 Apr 1898), 23

  Atlantic, battle of the (1940–44), 14, 56, 89, 154, 156, 217–18, 242

  Atlantic Fleet, 20–21, 24, 27, 31–32, 37, 41–42, 55, 58–59, 63, 67, 75–76, 83, 85, 130, 137, 140–141, 153, 160, 164, 169, 181, 203, 215–216, 219, 232, 242, 250, 263

  Attlee, Clement, Prime Minister, 64, 90, 263

  Auckland, Lord see Eden, George, 1st Earl of Auckland

  Augsburg, War of the League of, “King William’s War” (1689–97), 195, 199

  Austen, Sir Francis, 16–19

  Austrian Succession, War of the, 12, 45, 87, 107, 122, 197, 200, 205, 222, 235

  Backhouse, Sir Roger, 20–21, 59, 217

  Bahamas, 11, 16, 70, 94

  Baldwin, Stanley, Prime Minister, 42, 70, 164

  Balfour, Arthur J, Prime Minister, 81, 194; First Lord of the Admiralty, 127

  Balkans, 31, 37, 63, 209, 264

  Baltic, (Great Northern War)11, 44, 196, 199, 212; (French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars) 19, 29, 105, 167, 236; (Crimean War) 47, 52, 53, 79, 116, 142, 168, 170, 191, 224, 265; (First World War) 83, 114, 146; Baltic States, 93, 58, 133, 255

  Baltimore, Maryland, 46, 50, 102

  Barbados, 107, 122, 254, 257

  Barfleur (May 1692), 195

  Barham, Lord see Middleton, Adm Sir Charles

  Basque Roads, 95, 230

  Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, 22–23

  batons, naval, 92, 259

  Battenberg see Mountbatten, Louis Alexander

  Battle-cruiser Fleet, 27, 31, 62, 130, 140, 146, 183, 219; Force, 20

  Beachy Head (10 Jul 1690), 195

  Beatty, Sir David, Earl Beatty, 4, 15, 23–27, 34–35, 41, 85, 130, 145, 164, 244, 252

  Begg, Sir Varyl, 27–28

  Beirut, 52, 118, 237

  Belle-Ile, 46, 109, 205

  Beresford, Adm Lord Charles, 34, 81 – 82, 120, 144, 172–74, 180–81, 218, 239, 250, 267, 268

  Berlin, Congress of, 54, 79, 111, 144

  Bermuda, 15, 49, 70, 163, 213

  Biscay, Bay of, 108–09, 211, 266

  Black Sea, 53, 104, 111, 142, 179, 194, 224, 227, 237, 241, 252

  blockades, 17, 24, 37, 47, 48, 51, 57, 80, 119, 130, 159; Confederate States, 72, 160, 176; French Atlantic coast, 13, 19, 94, 95, 100, 102, 105, 108–9, 123, 125, 135, 136, 177, 207, 212, 230, 236, 255; French Mediterranean coast, 134, 177, 198, 211, 222, 254; Malta, 93, 101, 105, 165; Montevideo, 53, 116; Netherlands coast, 94, 105; Spanish coast, 18, 45, 102, 134, 166, 201

  Boer War see Anglo-Boer South African War

  Bonaparte see Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French

  Borneo, 47, 110, 142, 191, 219 see also Brunei; Indonesia; Sarawak

  Boscawen, Adm Edward, 123, 132

  Boston, Massachusetts, 107, 124, 229, 249

  Boulogne, 18, 70

  Bowles, Sir William, 29 – 30

  Boxer Rebellion (1900-01), 24, 38, 74, 129, 145, 228, 229

  Boyle, Sir William, 12th Earl of Cork and Orrery, 30–32, 217, 233

  Brest, 95, 100, 108–09, 123, 125, 133, 136, 167, 177, 198, 207, 211, 236, 255

  Bridgeman, Adm Sir Francis, 182, 269

  Bridport, Viscount see Hood, Sir Alexander Bridport’s Action (23 Jun 1795), 101, 253 British Columbia, 104, 119, 125, 133, 211, 258,265

  British Expeditionary Force, 26, 37, 56, 83, 148, 174, 217, 232, 269

  British Guiana (Guyana), 16

  British Honduras (Belize), 16

  British Pacific Fleet, 15, 56, 61, 90–91, 138, 149, 154, 187, 210, 213, 247

  Brock, Sir Osmond, 34–35, 164

  Broke, Capt Philip, 249

  Brooke, Rajah James, 142, 191

  Brunei, 28, 47, 152, 191, 234 see also Borneo; Indonesia; Sarawak

  Buenos Aires, Argentina, 225, 226

  Burma War, second (1852), 17; third (1885–89), 221

  Burney, Sir Cecil, 36–38

  Byng, Vice-Adm John, 87, 108

  Cadiz, 18, 29, 93, 102, 106, 134, 166, 196, 201, 226

  Calabria (9 July 1940), 59, 242

  Callaghan, Sir George, 20, 38–39, 130, 145, 158, 174

  Calthorpe see Go
ugh-Calthorpe

  Candia see Crete

  Canton (29 December 1857), 142, 171, 227, 265

  Canton (Guangzhou), 19, 71, 79, 142, 170, 208, 227

  Cape Helles landings (Apr 1915), 251 see also Dardanelles; Gallipoli

  captain’s servants (AFs joining the Navy as), 47, 64, 100, 105, 165, 167, 200, 206

  Carden, Vice-Adm Sackville, 66, 146, 251

  Carlist Wars, Spain, (1835–39), 142, 226

  Carolinas, North America, 11, 205 see also North Carolina, South Carolina

  Carrington, Lord, First Lord of the Admiralty, 115, 139, 150

  Chamberlain, Austen, First Lord of the Admiralty, 75, 76, 141

  Chamberlain, Neville, Prime Minister, 21, 33, 43, 44, 86, 147, 217

  Chanak crisis (1922), 35, 41, 58, 137, 140

  Channel Fleet, 82, 83, 105, 170, 173, 181, 218, 228, 239, 267 see also squadrons, Channel

  Charles, HRH Prince of Wales, 190

  Charleston, South Carolina, 94, 198, 205, 213

  Chatfield, Sir Ernie, Lord Chatfield, 25, 40–44

  Cherbourg, 13, 102, 123

  Cherimon River, 47

  Chesapeake Bay, 46, 49, 124

  Chile, 12, 45, 118, 121, 178

  China Wars; first “Opium”(1839–42), 9, 46, 53, 110, 142, 208; second “Arrow” (1856–60), 54, 71, 79, 111, 116, 118, 142–43, 170, 220, 227, 265

  Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 169; Pacific, 234

  Churchill, Winston Spencer, Prime Minister, 33, 44, 59–61, 86, 89–90, 99, 147–48, 162, 185–86, 189, 217–18, 233, 242, 247; First Lord of the Admiralty (1911–15), 24–25, 83–84, 127, 130, 145–46, 170, 174, 182–83, 202, 215, 239, 262, 269–70;(1939–40) 32–33 39, 44, 86, 48, 147, 217; Secretary of State for War, 252

  Clanwilliam, 4th Earl of see Meade

  Clarence, Dukes of see Albert Victor, HRH Prince; William IV, HM King

  Clinton, General Sir Henry, 45, 205

  Clinton, the Hon George, 44–45

  Clyde, 41, 77

  coastal artillery, 48, 91, 133, 159, 236, 266

  Coastal Command, Royal Air Force, 148, 218

  Cochrane, Adm Sir Alexander, 45–46, 49

  Cochrane, Sir Thomas, 6, 45–47, 191

  Cochrane, Adm Lord, Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, 45, 95–96, 208, 230, 236

  Cockburn, Sir George, 3, 6, 46, 47–51, 93, 168, 259

  Codrington, Adm Sir Edward, 51, 207, 259

  Codrington, Sir Henry, 51–53, 224