Leonardo Da Vinci

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Leonardo Da Vinci Page 76

by Charles Nicholl


  cats 46

  Cesena window 346

  David (after Michelangelo) 382

  ‘Deluge’ series 150, 217, 432, 474–6, 493 Pl. 27

  Desio fires 447, 448

  disegni di groppi 42

  dog (chalk sketch) 44–6

  dragons and monsters 46, 106, 260

  drapery 78–80

  early 48–53, 61, 77

  elephant musician 260

  emblems 432, 435–7

  Envy 207–8

  erotic and homoeroticc 116, 207–9, 463, 468–71

  Isabella d’Este 326–9, 363

  family property (sketch-map) 24

  ferry-boat on the Adda 448–9

  foetus in womb 481–3

  grotesques 260–64

  hair 178, 450

  horse studies 44, 249–50, 281–3, 386, 429

  Leda see under paintings and frescos below

  lion engulfed in flames 163, 220

  lion-house in Florence 497

  lira (lost) 159

  in list of works of c. 1482 178–80

  machines see under technology below

  Madonna and child with cat 136–8

  ‘Madonna of the Snow’ landscape 48–53, 103, 277, Pl. 2

  in manuscripts see writings and manuscripts below

  maps 350–52, 372, 383, 446; Apennines 345;

  Imola 350–51;

  Milan 188;

  Tuscany 48, 49, 125, 339;

  Vinci family property 24

  masqueraders 494–6

  Mont’Albano hills 387

  mothers and children 135–8

  Neptune 398

  old men and women 204, 207, 261–4, 493;

  ‘nutcracker-men’ 204, 263, 275, 451;

  old man with beautiful youth 273–5;

  old man with water studies 449–51, 493

  olive-press at Molino della Doccia 38

  Orpheus 434–5

  for Pacioli’s Divina proportione 304–5

  plants compared with human anatomy 445

  Pointing Lady 493, 501

  political emblems 288–90

  Porto Cesenatico 347

  portrait-drawings 236

  rebuses or picture-puzzles 163, 218–20, 251

  Salai 273–5

  San Lorenzo façade 484

  self-portraits 11–13, 173–6;

  man using ‘perspectograph’ (?) 148–9, 176–7;

  old man in profile with water studies (?) 449–51, 493;

  shadow drawing 267–8;

  Turin 11–13, 477, 492–3;

  as Vitruvian Man (?) 245–7, 312

  stage-sets see theatre work, pageants etc. below

  studies see titles under paintings and frescos and sculpture below

  techniques and training 77–80, 148, 241, 445

  Tovaglia villa 334–5

  Trezzo castle 448–9

  triboli 204–6

  triumphal arch for Leo X 484

  Urbino palace staircase 345

  Vitruvian Man 223, 245–7, 309, 312

  water studies 450

  wheeled platform 284–5

  at Windsor see Windsor Castle

  young men 121–2, 124, 159–60, 411

  ENGRAVINGS BASED ON HIS WORKS ‘academy’ designs (Venice) 40–42, 305–6, 329

  Battle of Anghiari copy 391–2

  designs for Pacioli (Venice) 306

  grotesques (by Hollar) 262, 263

  EXPERIMENTS 417–23, 436 animals 43, 420, 433, 448

  arches 223

  flight (?) 395

  human dissections 240–45, 419–23, 443–5, 481–3, 491

  metallurgical 480–81

  water 417–18

  FRESCOS see paintings and frescos below

  IDEAS, OBSESSIONS accidenti mentali 9, 101, 476

  against imitation 85

  agriculture 5, 38–42, 44, 346

  analogies 445

  anatomy 4, 27, 163, 240–47, 386, 419–23, 433, 443–5, 481–3, 490–91, 499

  animals 34–5, 42–6;

  bat 341, 399, 431–2;

  bears 279;

  birds (liberation of) 43;

  dogs and cats 44–6, 88–9, 136–8, 260–61, 288;

  fish 88–9;

  horses 43–5, 69, 91, 127, 250, 383;

  lions 161–3, 435, 497;

  lizards, insects etc. 105, 217;

  speaking human language 34–5, 42–3, 217

  astronomy 481

  beds 184, 206–7

  caverns 164, 244, 278, 420–21, 434–5, 474–6

  clarity (eye vs brain) 55–6

  classical themes and influences 105, 230, 249–50, 335–6, 396, 398, 417, 432, 472–4

  dragons, hybrids, monsters and wild men 105–6, 259–60

  dreams 30–35, 217

  dualism of experience 204

  embryology 481–3, 488

  experience and observation 47–8, 55, 58, 70, 264, 280, 417–18;

  Aristotelian, not Platonist 113, 149, 240; see also experiments above

  flight 3, 32, 34–7, 50, 150, 203–4, 341, 489;

  spirit of the bird and the man 394, 398–9; see also technology below

  flower symbolism 201, 339

  flux and movement 311

  Fortune 256, 290

  geometry see mathematics below

  health 223, 477–8

  heliocentricity 432

  hills and mountains 47–9, 78, 136, 277–80, 345, 447

  knots/wickerwork 40–42, 306, 317, 436

  mathematics 53–4, 56, 303–5, 306, 337, 341, 388–9, 432, 445, 464

  memory 16, 30–31, 48–53, 149

  music 54, 76, 155–60, 212, 236

  musical fountains and mills 346, 405

  nature and love of countryside 47–53, 55, 69, 144, 201, 221, 277–80, 348

  optics 148–9, 241, 297, 419, 432

  perspective 148–9

  plants and trees as sentient creatures 221

  prison and freedom 121, 122, 127, 146

  reading see library and reading below

  ricordazioni 30

  sensus communis 242–3

  solar power 480–81

  solitude 47–8, 348

  storms 474–6

  theatre 91–2

  vegetarianism 1, 43, 141, 383, 477–8

  vortices and whirlpools 149–50, 360, 431

  war 348, 373, 409, 435

  water-flow principles and patterns 57, 149–50, 360, 431, 448

  waves 6, 345

  INFLUENCE ON OTHERS Almedina 389

  disciples (‘Leonardeschi’) 235, 238, 240, 270, 315–41, 389, 404

  Francesco Napoletano 234

  Giorgione 330

  Lippi, Filippino 133

  Massys 263

  Rizzoli 453

  Rustici 415

  Sarto, Andrea del 415

  Sesto, Cesare da 235, 473

  INFLUENCES Alberti 149, 163, 223, 224

  Botticelli 85

  Bramante 224

  Brunelleschi 95–8, 191

  in childhood 56–7

  Foppa 195

  literary 155

  Martini (?) 268

  Michelangelo 382

  Pacioli 303

  della Torre 443

  Torre, Marcantonio della 443–5

  Toscanelli 148

  Verrocchio 78, 100, 131, 198

  LIBRARY AND READING 118, 184, 214–15, 217–18, 385–7 Aelius Donatus 214

  Aesop 42, 69, 215, 386

  Alberti 69, 221, 386

  Bacon, Roger 488

  Brandt 386

  Dante 118, 184, 379

  Egidius Romanus 488

  Ficino (?) 215

  Filelfo 215

  Fiore di virtù 215, 229

  Frezzi 215

  Gozzadini 34

  inventories 214–15, 385–7; Madrid 214, 263, 306, 310, 459

  libro danticaglie (antiquities) 310, 387

  Livy 215

  Mandevill
e, John de 215

  Manganello, Il 215, 217

  Marbodeus (?) 214

  Martini 387

  Mundinus 444

  Ovid 76, 215

  Pacioli 303, 387

  Palmieri 386

  Petrarch 215

  Pliny the Elder 214

  Poggio Bracciolini 215, 222

  Pucci 217

  Pulci, Luca 215, 387

  Pulci, Luigi 155, 194, 270

  Urbino, Francesco da 386

  Venezia, Piero Borgi da (?) 214

  Visconti 306, 386–7

  Vitruvius 245–7, 262, 406, 433

  LIFE birth and family 17–30

  illegitimacy 18–21, 27, 66, 67, 69, 107, 127, 384

  baptism 20–21

  infancy 28–37

  first memory or fantasy (kite) 30–37, 38, 42–3, 53, 151, 164, 395, 398

  childhood 37–58, 136

  education 53–8, 67

  visits to Pistoia and Empoli (?) 57

  apprentice and assistant to Verrocchio 9, 48–53, 54, 60, 71, 73–4, 77–127, 131, 166, 241, 249

  denounced as sodomite 114–22, 125, 471

  Pistoia commission 124–5, 151

  own studio in Florence 84, 131–76

  ‘Paolo di Leonardo da Vinci’ jailed (1479) 131–2

  not invited to work on Sistine Chapel 167, 335

  San Donato contract 168–9, 176, 177, 197

  leaves Florence for Milan 93–4, 104, 176–82, 186, 404

  presented to Milanese court as musician 155, 159, 177, 190, 212, 218

  Sforza projects 187–9, 190–92, 224–32, 237, 248–51, 257–9, 280–83, 288–92, 300–301, 306, 316–18, 330–31, 496

  Virgin of the Rocks project 177, 196–202, 233, 240, 403, 409–10

  Milan cathedral and Duchess’s garden projects 97, 222–5, 248

  studio in Milan 133–4, 142, 232–53, 299

  learns Latin 54, 213

  living and working at the Corte Vecchia 251–3, 268, 282–3, 285–7, 308

  in Pavia with Martini 250, 268–9

  Alpine travels 277–80, 417

  Sforza Horse project 44, 142, 181–2, 248–51, 280–83, 291, 292–3, 307, 309, 330–31, 379–80, 429

  Caterina joins his household 285–7

  at Vigevano 288, 291, 316

  Last Supper project 292–302

  ‘academy’ in Milan 40–42, 273, 305–12, 317

  poem addressed to (Antiquarie prospetiche Romane) 308–10, 387

  owns vineyard in Milan 312–16, 409, 446, 457, 486, 498–9

  Sala delle Asse decoration 42, 187–9, 306, 316–19

  and French occupation of Milan 319–22, 386, 404

  in Mantua 325–8

  Isabella d’Este commissions 325–8, 336–8, 341–2, 362–3

  in Venice 305, 328–31, 366

  at Santissima Annunziata in Florence 232, 238, 331–4, 336–7, 341, 356–7

  visit to Rome and Tivoli 335–6

  travelling in the service of Cesare Borgia 339, 342, 345, 346–53, 354–5, 372, 373

  in Urbino 345–6, 352

  in Imola 349–52, 355, 357

  in Rome with Borgia (?) 353, 354–5

  in Florence (1503–6) 353, 356–62, 371, 383–4, 388–99

  letter to Bejazet 353–5

  Arno canalization schemes 125, 357–60, 383, 385

  at Santa Maria Novella 371–6

  Anghiari fresco project 371–6, 380–82, 388–94, 404, 407

  father’s death and will 285, 384–5, 387, 412

  Leda 35–6, 396–8, 422, 428–9, 472

  in Vinci and Piombino 381–2, 385, 387–8

  in Milan with the French 391, 403–10

  return to Florence (1507–8) 363, 408, 410, 412–23

  income and title from Louis XII 409, 413, 437, 446, 498

  French entertainments in Milan 409, 434–5, 437

  dispute with half-brothers 27, 412–14, 464–5

  dissections in Florence 419–23

  in Milan (1508–11, 1513) 273, 423–43, 446, 457, 458–9

  in Pavia for anatomy lectures 438, 443–5

  in the Brianza and at Villa Melzi 447–53

  journey to Rome via Florence 458–60

  in Rome in service of Giuliano de’ Medici 167, 440, 458–62, 477–8, 486

  at Villa Belvedere 462–4, 477–83, 486

  lizard prank 43, 463–4

  infirmities in Rome 477–8, 483

  anatomical studies in Rome 241, 423, 444, 466, 481–3

  visit to Florence and Bologna with Pope 483–6

  meets François I and travels to France 199, 412, 485–6

  paintre du Roy at Cloux 11–13, 46, 486–500

  visit of Luigi of Aragon and de Beatis 365, 490–93

  failing health 477, 490, 492

  shows at Amboise 494–7

  will 272, 276, 312–13, 409, 486, 488, 498–9

  death 499–502

  reputation 2–3, 40, 127, 309, 332, 368, 404, 474, 485, 500–503

  PAINTINGS AND FRESCOS Adam and Eve (lost) 104, 106

  Adoration of the Magi 11, 138, 160, 168–76, 260, 415, Pl. 10;

  architecture in 170;

  left with Giovanni de’ Benci 104, 169;

  Restoration 171–3;

  self-portrait (?) 11, 74, 149, 173–6, Pl. 1;

  studies for 44, 160, 175–6, 273

  Adoration of the Shepherds (lost) 44

  Anghiari fresco see Battle of Anghiari below

  Annunciation 78, 87, 92, 99–101, 172, Pl. 5;

  angel 85, 88, 100, 108, 125, 133, 471;

  landscape 52–3, 361;

  lily 80, 101;

  Virgin 100–101, 121

  Bacchus (lost) 398, 472

  Baptism of Christ, contributions to see Verrocchio (works)

  Battle of Anghiari fresco 141, 299, 371–6, 380, 388–94, 418, 426, 485;

  copies 374, 391–2;

  studies for 44, 373–4, 375, 386, 396, 469, 470

  Belle Ferronnière, La 231, 237, 492, Pl.

  Benois Madonna 101, 134–8, 178, 237, 339, Pl. 9

  dragon on buckler (lost) 105–7

  drapery 37, 78

  early 78, 81, 89, 98–111, 116, 178

  Ginevra de’ Benci 107–14, 131, 150, 155, 166, 194, 361, 366, Pl. 6

  hair 88–9, 103, 108, 116, 125, 198, 238, 431, 450

  Isabella d’Este portrait (lost) 326, 328–9, 341, 363

  The Lady with an Ermine 42, 226–32, 235, 237, 248, Pl. 12

  landscape 47–9, 78, 85, 101–2, 103, 345, 451

  The Last Supper 224, 241, 292–302, 303, 393, 404, 439;

  Judas 294, 297–8;

  models for 296, 297–8;

  studies for 80, 283–5, 293–7, 302

  Leda and the Swan (lost) 35–6, 135, 260, 389, 396–8, 413, 422, 424, 428–9, 431, 440–41, 471, 472;

  copies and versions 35, 233, 396, 428–9, 453, Pl. 29;

  drawings and sketches for 35, 41, 78, 396–7, 428–9, 440–41, 450, 472, 493

  Litta Madonna 33, 133–4, 136, 198, 237–9

  Madonna of the Carnation (attrib.) 101–2, 277, 339, 345

  Madonna and Child with a Cat (lost) 46

  Madonna of the Yarnwinder 135, 337–41, 363, 404, 408;

  commission for 321, 337–8;

  landscape 102, 339, 345, 361;

  sentimentality 238, 339–41

  Madonnas (lost) 133–8, 408, 413

  Medusa (lost) 104–5

  Mona Lisa (La Gioconda) 11, 42, 222, 266, 328, 361–70, 377, 424–5, 461, 490–91, Pl. 23;

  identity of sitter 361, 363–7, 417, 461, 492, 493;

  landscape 102, 335, 339, 345, 361, 426;

  later reputation of 368–70;

  loggia 334–5, 363;

  meaning of ‘Mona’ 20–21;

  prefigured by portrait of Isabella d’Este 328–9, 362;

  theft of 339, 369–70;

  versions 441–2

  The Musician 23
5–7, 265

  St Donatus (study) 124

  St Jerome 160–65, 178, 220, 273, 310

  St John in the Desert (St John with the Attributes of Bacchus), full-length 467, 472–3;

  landscape 447, 467;

  seen by Beatis (?) 365, 467, 490–91

  St John, half-length 116, 467–71, Pl. 28;

  seen by Beatis (?) 365, 467, 490–91

  Sala delle Asse fresco (Castello Sforzesco) 42, 187–9, 306, 316–19

  Salvator Mundi (lost) 238

  self-portraits 11, 173–6; see also Adoration of the Magi and drawings and maps above

  Seven Virtues (designs for) 81–2

  techniques 266–8, 293;

  gessoes 82, 298;

  mural painting 298–9, 301–2, 393;

  oils 39–40, 83, 467;

  pigments 38–9, 83–4;

  sfumatura 83, 266;

  tempera 83

  Tobias and the Angel see Verrocchio (works)

  touch of Leonardo’s own hand 11, 108

  Virgin and Child with St Anne 35–7, 171, 332–4, 365, 424–8, 453, 467, 471, 490–91;

  absence of Joseph 171, 334;

  bird outline 36–7, 428;

  Burlington House cartoon (Virgin and Child with St Anne and the Infant St John) 136, 333–4, 424–8, Pl. 24;

  cartoon displayed at Annunziata (lost) 332–4, 335–6;

  landscape 102, 425–6 447, 467;

  studies for 334, 426

  Virgin of the Rocks 101, 136, 170–71, 196–201, 240, 278, 301, 341, 393, 403–4, 409–10, 423–4, 471, Pl. 11;

  London version 197–200, 403, 423–4, 453;

  Louvre version 197–9, 393, 403, 423–4, Pl. 11;

  Predis side-panel 156;

  rocks and cave 163–5, 200, 310;

  third version and copies 238, 423–4

  Vision of St Bernard (lost) 133

  SCULPTURE 80–82, 127, 425 in 1482 list 178–80, 182, 191

  angel at San Gennaro 78, 125–6, 471, Pl. 8

  early works 80–81

  Sforza Horse project 44, 142, 181–2, 248–51, 280–83, 291, 292–3, 307, 309, 330–31, 379–80, 429

  Trivulzio monument project 44, 429–31, 435, 446, 452

  Youthful Christ (attrib.) 80, 121–2

  TECHNOLOGY 56, 145–51, 277, 491 Archimedean screws 148, 149, 213

  armoured cars 181, 190–92

  automata 283–4, 466;

  lion for François I 285, 466, 485;

  robot-knight 284–5

  canalization schemes 277, 431;

  Arno 125, 357–60, 385;

  Milan 407, 431, 437

  cart design 347

  in Codex Atlanticus 95–7, 145–9

  Constantinople bridge project 354–6

  devices to open up prisons 122, 146–7

  early engineering projects 145–51

  excavation and digging machines 358, 431

  flying-machines (‘ornithopter’ and helicopter) 32, 35, 50, 92, 150–51, 210–12, 252, 341, 394–5, 431–2

 

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