Book Read Free

The Noonday Demon

Page 84

by Solomon, Andrew


  Cameron, Julia, 155

  Camus, Albert, 245, 246, 247, 263, 321, 329

  Candide (Voltaire), 311

  Carlsson, Arvid, 333

  Carlyle, Thomas, 321

  Cartesian biology, 306

  Casanova, Ludovicus a, 305

  Cassian, 292–93, 478

  catecholamine, 332–33, 397

  Catholicism, 132–33

  CBT, see cognitive-behavioral therapy

  Celexa (citalopram), 13, 114, 118, 157, 191, 192, 333, 445, 487

  celiac disease, 139

  Center for Disease Control, 493

  Cervantes, Miguel de, 304

  Changing Nature of Man, The (van den Berg), 407

  Charles VI (the Foolish), King of France, 305

  Chaucer, Geoffrey, 293–94

  Chavez, Cesar, 392

  Chekhov, Anton, 135

  Chesterton, G. K., 252

  childbirth, maternal depression after, 138, 174, 176, 457

  childhood depression, 181–89

  of adolescents, 187–89, 461

  adult depression rates after, 187–88, 461

  assessments of, 184, 188–89

  earliest manifestations of, 181, 421, 459

  parental depression and, 180–83, 459

  parents involved in therapy for, 183

  physical illness and, 182, 187, 188–89

  sexual abuse and, 349–50, 355, 421

  suicidality and, 184, 254, 257–58, 261, 264–65, 356, 461

  treatment of, 183, 184–89, 460

  U.S. incidence of, 25, 446

  children:

  assertion of power developed by, 350

  of depressed parents, 82–83, 180–83, 337, 345, 346–47, 349–50, 351–52, 356–58, 359, 383

  internalized homophobia in, 204

  language development of, 418–19

  maternal substance abuse and, 254

  suicidality of, 184, 254, 257–58, 261, 264–65, 356, 460

  see also childhood depression

  China, People’s Republic of, toxic-ingestion suicides in, 255

  Chinese herbal medicine, 137, 148, 229

  choice:

  moral responsibility of, 432–33

  stress of modern freedom of, 407–9

  cholesterol levels, 254

  depression and, 138

  cholinergic agonists, 116

  Chow, David, 395

  Christianity:

  depression difficulties helped by faith in, 131–32

  martyrdom in, 247

  medieval condemnation of melancholia in, 292–95

  Protestant morality and, 312–13

  suicide prohibitions of, 132, 246–47, 304

  Christiansen, RenÇ Birger, 213

  Christie, Deborah, 185, 186, 188–89, 429

  chromium, 138

  Chrysippus of Cnidus, 288

  Chua-Eoan, Howard, 461

  Chung, Joyce, 348–49, 352–53

  Churchill, Winston, 367

  cigarettes, 218, 225, 230

  cingulotomy, 164–65, 441

  Cioran, E. M., 273

  citalopram (Celexa; Cipromil), 13, 114, 118, 157, 191, 192, 333, 445

  Civil Aeromedical Institute (CAMI), 491

  classification, 319, 331

  Clayton, Anita, 115, 116, 117

  clean drugs, 118

  Clinton, Bill, 374, 376, 377

  clonidine, 161

  Clozaril, 422, 423

  club drugs, 232

  cocaine:

  controlled use of, 238

  crack, 223, 230

  crash after high of, 230

  depressives as chronic abusers of, 218

  dopamine system affected by, 217, 231, 469

  ecstasy vs., 233

  fetal neurological damage from, 254

  as illegal substance, 224, 236

  impact of, on anxiety vs. depression, 221

  physical damage from long-term use of, 231, 346

  tricyclic antidepressants and, 222

  unregulated quality of, 238

  withdrawal from, 222, 230

  Cogentin, 422

  cognition, 107, 413–15, 416

  cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), 107–9

  alcoholic depression treated with, 228–29

  brain metabolism affected by, 111

  as learned optimism, 107

  medication combined with, 104

  negative thinking controlled in, 107–9, 351

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 312

  collectivity, 404

  Colt, George Howe, 243, 470

  Columbia University, CBT-based alcoholism relapse prevention at, 228–29

  commitments, capacity to make, 413

  Community Health Services Block Grant, 376

  community mental health clinics, 377–78, 384, 391, 392–93, 494

  competition, 405

  Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 21

  concentration camp survivors:

  CBT principle as strategy of, 109

  suicide of, 281–82

  conduct disorder, 182, 186, 202, 460

  confession, religious, 131

  Congress, U.S.:

  “Decade of the Brain” declared by, 369

  family mental illness concerns of, 376–77, 382–84

  on health services for indigent, 375–78

  insurance parity legislation in, 369, 371–74

  Republican leadership in, 376

  see also specific legislators

  consciousness:

  mechanistic model of, 306

  suicidality and, 245, 254, 256–57

  see also self-consciousness

  corporate marketplace, medications promoted in, 394–97

  cortical functions, 48

  hypothalamic function and, 448

  see also brain function

  corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), 57, 59, 231

  cortisol levels:

  circadian patterns in, 56, 58

  long-term effects of protracted increase of, 58–60

  maternal separation and, 113, 452

  right-brain activation vs., 418

  serotonin levels vs., 57, 59

  Cosgrove, Reese, 164

  cowardice, 179

  Cowper, William, 309, 310–11

  crack addiction, 223, 230

  Crack-Up, The (Fitzgerald), 144

  CRF (corticotropin releasing factor), 57, 59, 231

  Crohn’s disease, 344

  Crow, Timothy, 415–16, 417, 418–19, 496–97

  Cullen, William, 483

  Cumaean Sibyl (mythical character), 270–71

  Cutbush, Edward, 483

  cutting (self-mutilation), 71, 151–52, 421, 422–24, 427

  cyproheptadine, 116

  D

  Dakar, Senegal, mental health facilities in, 165–66

  D’Amato, Brian, 115

  Daniel, Book of, 292

  Daniel Deronda (Eliot), 437–38

  Danquah, Meri, 195–96, 445

  Danziger, Sandra, 488

  darkness, depression metaphors of, 287, 298–99, 310

  Darwinian Psychiatry (McGuire and Troisi), 401–2

  date-rape drug (roofies), 234

  Davidson, Richard J., 416–19

  Day for Night: Recognizing Teenage Depression, 461

  death penalty, 442

  debridement, 422

  Deffand, Marquise du, 311

  deinstitutionalization, 380, 392

  delirium tremens, 228

  delta sleep, 65

  delusions, 291, 297, 303, 304–6, 319, 327, 421

  dementia, elderly, 190–91, 192–93

  Demerol, 231

  demographic factors, see populations

  demoralization, long-term, 351

  dental health, psychiatric medication effects on, 421–22

  Depakote, 83, 93, 121, 161

  De praestigiis daemonum (Wier), 297

  depressants, opiates as, 232

 
depression:

  acceleration of recurrences of, 56–57, 60, 449

  addictive weakness enabled by, 242

  agitated, 48, 123, 220, 229, 290

  alternative therapies for, 135–72

  anaclitic, 183

  animal studies on, 113–14, 348

  anxiety in conjunction with, 65–66, 229, 239–40, 323–24, 405

  atypical, 48, 114

  author’s experience of, 18–19, 29–30, 39–55, 60–62, 63–73, 77–80, 81, 83–92, 98–99

  beneficial self-assessments triggered by, 410

  biochemical aspects of, 20–22; see also brain chemistry; neurotransmitters

  body temperature and, 56, 113, 452

  breakdowns and, 17, 39–99

  celebrity openness about, 365

  cholesterol levels and, 138

  circadian rhythms in, 54, 60, 145

  compound risk factors for, 182–83

  continual struggles against, 61–62, 440–41

  diagnosis of, 19–20, 27, 335–36, 447, 461

  disease model of, 397–400

  diversity of, 302

  economic costs of, 371

  emergence process after, 61, 64, 66–67, 434–35

  endogenous vs. reactive, 62–63, 330, 450

  evolutionary views of, 401–20

  fatalities caused by, 25, 37, 447; see also suicide

  gender roles and, 175, 458

  genetic predisposition to, 48, 56, 65, 230, 327, 450

  genius associated with, 285, 288–89, 299, 300–301, 316

  grief vs., 16, 79, 124, 299, 323, 324, 412, 435

  health insurance coverage of, 361, 369–75, 376, 377

  historical attitudes on, 285–334, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484–85

  homosexuality and, 202–8, 463

  hospital treatment of, 75, 120, 165–66, 190, 309, 317–21, 370–71, 378–82, 385–89, 391, 392–93, 423, 424, 425, 427–28

  increases in rates of, 31–32

  independence of suicidality from, 243–44, 249, 470

  male/female ratios of, 173, 175, 177–78, 180, 457

  manic-depressive disorder and, 25, 48, 92–98, 106, 118, 125–29, 148, 248, 252, 255, 319, 373, 394

  as medical concern, 362

  and “melancholy,” 445

  metaphoric descriptions of, 18–19, 27–29

  mild vs. major, 16–19, 20, 399, 445

  modern-day stresses and, 406–9

  moral profundity developed from, 38, 438–43

  multiple physiological systems at root of, 397

  onset of, 77–78, 90, 95, 187–88, 458, 461

  parental, 82–83, 180–83, 337, 338, 342, 345–47, 349–52, 356–359, 383

  personal character within, 428–34, 441–42

  political issues connected with, 201, 361–400, 408–9

  postpartum experiences of, 138, 174, 457

  poverty and, 37–38, 335–60, 376–78, 488

  precursor episodes in, 44, 77–78, 83–85

  prevention of, 361

  productive life changes engendered in, 410, 435, 437–39

  protective withdrawal of, 406

  reaction of family and friends to, 62–63, 69–70, 94, 162, 238–39, 383, 411–12, 423, 437, 438

  realistic judgment in, 432, 433, 435

  recurrence rates of, 56–57, 60, 80

  in resolution of dominance conflicts, 404–6

  seasonal incidents of, 137, 140, 186, 208–9

  sleep pattern disruption in, 144, 145–46, 220–21, 455, 466

  somatic illness and, 25, 446

  of specific populations, see populations

  statistics on, 12–13, 25–26, 352–53, 446, 447

  stigmatization of, 285, 292–95, 362, 363–66, 370, 373, 383–84

  substance abuse and, see alcoholism; substance abuse

  suicide and, see suicide

  survival strategies in, 81–83, 86–87, 98–99, 443

  symptoms of, 48, 335–36

  trauma-based types of, 62–63, 140–41, 158–59

  treatment of, see treatment; specific modes of treatment

  triggers of, 62, 63, 450

  ubiquity of, 14, 25, 26, 446

  vulnerability to other diseases increased by, 374

  Depression and Related Affective Disorders Association (DRADA), 159

  Descartes, René, 306, 315–16

  desipramine, 383

  De Wester, Jeffrey, 446

  Dewey, John, 328

  dexamphetamine, 92

  Dexedrine, 62, 116, 119, 235

  diabetes, 22, 59, 362

  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), 20, 25, 243

  Dickens, Charles, 321, 485

  Dickinson, Emily, 52, 271, 438, 448, 498

  diet, 138–39, 290, 291, 327, 454

  Diouf, Mareme, 166–67, 168, 169, 170

  disability status, 367–68

  Discourse of Melancholike Diseases (Du Laurens), 298–99

  Ditropan, 422

  divine madness, 288, 295–96

  Domenici, Pete, 369, 372, 373, 375–76, 377

  domestic abuse, 177, 178–79, 355–56, 428–29

  dominance behavior:

  animal serotonin levels and, 113–14

  depression utilized in conflicts of, 404–6

  Dominican culture, 194–95

  Donne, John, 247

  dopamine, 113, 114, 117, 118

  early research on, 332, 333

  ECT enhancement of, 123

  sleep effects on, 145

  substance abuse effects on, 217, 218, 219, 231, 233, 467, 469

  dopamine-enhancing drugs, 116, 117

  Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 268, 440

  Downey, Jennifer, 203–5, 463

  downward drift hypothesis, 353

  DRADA (Depression and Related Affective Disorders Association), 159

  drop-in centers, 391–92

  drugs:

  legal vs. illegal, 235–36

  over-the-counter, 398

  see also antidepressant medications; pharmaceutical industry; substance abuse; specific drugs

  Dryden, John, 310

  dry mouth, gingivitis caused by, 422

  DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual), 20, 25, 243

  Du Laurens, Andreas, 298, 303, 479, 480

  Durkheim, Émile, 249–50, 252, 472

  Dworkin, Ronald, 278

  dyslexia, 40

  E

  East Asian culture, 200

  eating disorders, 175, 176, 313, 435

  Ecclesiastes, Book of, 315

  Eccleston, Donald, 487

  ecstasy (E) (MDMA), 222, 232–34, 235

  ECT, see electroconvulsive therapy

  Edgson, Vicki, 139

  Effexor/Efexor(venlafaxine), 76, 78, 86, 87, 114, 118, 119, 235, 334, 447

  Einheitspsychose, 319

  Einstein, Albert, 132

  Elavil, 114

  elderly:

  circulatory deficiencies of, 307

  depression among, 189–93, 259, 307, 461–62

  suicides of, 258–59, 270

  electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 101, 120–23

  brain metabolic effects of, 123

  brief-pulse square-wave stimulus vs. sine-wave stimulus in, 121

  effectiveness of, 62, 75, 120, 122–23, 163, 397, 453–54

  for elderly, 190

  emotional distance after, 82

  experience of, 75–76, 121

  magnetic therapy vs., 139

  memory loss from, 76, 82, 122, 123, 423

  rapid action of, 120, 122

  resistance toward, 122, 123, 163

  social stigmatization and, 122, 123, 367

  suicidal impulses curtailed by, 252

  unilateral vs. bilateral, 121, 454

  “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” (Gray), 312

  Eli Lilly, 334, 395

  Eliot, George, 437–38

  Eliot, T. S., 225, 270–71

  EMDR (eye movement des
ensitization and reprocessing) therapy, 137, 140–41, 144, 158, 394, 454

  emergency room treatment, 83–85, 381

  emotion:

  animal experiences of, 402–3

  brain asymmetry and, 418, 419

  in limbic system, 414–15

  mood vs., 403

  range of, 412–14

  sensations as triggers of, 402

  emotional repression, therapeutic recovery from, 36–37, 350–51

  Emotions Anonymous, 240

  Empedocles, 286

 

‹ Prev