Possessed, The (Dostoyevsky), 268
possession, depression as evidence of, 293, 295, 297
Possibility of Altruism, The (Nagel), 430
Post, Robert, 56–57, 80, 124, 139, 449
postpartum depression, 138, 174, 176, 457
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 141, 381
Potter, William, 26–27, 113, 120, 236, 395
poverty, depression in, 37–38, 335–60, 488
barriers to federal legislation on, 375–76
congressional policies on, 375–78
emotional life repressed by, 350–51
extremity of problems encountered in, 340, 355–60
helplessness experienced by, 330, 348
motherhood and, 337, 338, 342, 345, 346–47, 351–52, 358, 359
normality of, 347–48
outreach programs and, 338, 341, 349, 375
passivity manifested in, 338, 344, 348, 355
physical symptoms presented in, 343, 344, 345–46, 347
public health studies of, 336, 339–40
rates of, 336, 347
recovery progress and, 340, 342–43, 344–45, 346–47, 352, 358–60
relief experienced in labeling of, 341, 343
socioeconomic assistance vs. psychiatric remedies for, 337, 360
symptom attribution and, 335–36, 343
talking therapies employed in, 341–42, 344, 351, 358, 359
treatment of, 335, 336–60, 375, 488
unemployment and, 337, 351
power, childhood development of, 350
prayer, 131, 133
prefrontal cortex, 59, 417–18
pregnancy, 174
antidepressant medication and, 83, 93
of daughters of indigent depressed, 337
ECT treatment in, 120–21
low suicidality in, 249
nutrition in, 138
presidency, 367
Price, John, 404
Prichard, James Cowles, 484–85
Prilosec, 422
Prince, Elizabeth, 54–55
Prince Georges County, Md., treatment study of women in, 339–40
Pritchard, James Cowles, 485
prisons, mentally-ill inmates of, 380–81, 394
Productive and Unproductive Depression (Gut), 435
progesterone, 173, 457
prolactin, 55–56, 406
promiscuity, 337
protease inhibitors, 355
Protestantism, 311, 312–13
Prozac (fluoxetine), 83, 358, 422, 487
adverse reactions to, 80
for children, 184–85
development of, 334, 395
effectiveness of, 76
emotional numbing in use of, 282
excessive use of, 26–27, 337, 399
imipramine vs., 331
low side effects of, 115, 120
negative sexual effects of, 115, 453
1988 introduction of, 76
popular criticism of, 81
as SSRI, 25, 114
Prudent, Dièry, 196–200, 450
Prudent Fitness, 198
Psalms, Book of, 292–93, 478
psychiatry:
categorical models used in, 398
as dynamic therapy, 328
philosophical roots of, 287
as psychobiology vs. psychoanalysis, 322–28, 334
social context considered in, 328–29
talk therapy vs. psychopharmacology in, 101–2, 103–4, 451; see also antidepressant medications; psychoanalysis, psychoanalysts; psychopharmacology; talking therapies
trend shifts in, 171
psychoanalysis, psychoanalysts:
antidepressant medications disapproved by, 48, 50–51
cultic tendencies of, 328
theoretical development of, insights of, 323–26
time required by, 102–3
psychobiology, 322–28, 334
psychopharmacology:
addiction concerns of, 119
adjustment strategies in, 87, 89
broad usage of, 435
Hippocratic depression treatment vs., 285, 286–87, 288
personal responsibility vs., 432–33
prescription status of, 399
talking therapies integrated with, 101–2, 104
see also antidepressant medications
psychosomatic complaints, 20
psychosurgery, 137, 163–65, 441
puberty, onset age of, 337
Puritanism, 313
Q
Qigong, 148
R
racial prejudice, racism, 196, 197, 198, 199, 204, 351
Rado, Sandor, 486
Rand Corporation Study, 492
rank-based society, 404–6, 495
rape, 340–41
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep:
antidepressant suppression of, 113, 146, 452
depressive alterations in, 146
illicit drug/alcohol effects on, 220–21, 229
in primary illness diagnosis of alcoholic depressives, 220–21, 466
Reagan, Ronald, 373
reboxetine, 171, 456, 487
receptor theories, 112, 333, 487
Rees, Jonathan, 394–95
Regier, D. A., 446
Reid, Harry, 373, 375, 377
religious faith, 129–33
in colonial North America, 312–13
fasting and, 313
loss of, 82
modernist alienation from, 321–22
moral stigmatization of depression in, 285, 292–95, 312–13
recovery aided by, 76, 130–33
suicide prohibitions of, 132, 246–47, 259, 304
REM sleep, see rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Renaissance, melancholic genius of, 285, 289, 295–96, 299, 300–301
repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), 137, 139, 418, 454
reptilian brain, 414
Republican party, 376
“Requiem” (Rilke), 278
research:
applied vs. basic, 369
federal expenditures on, 369, 376
by pharmaceutical industry, 395
residential services, long-term structured, 391
Restoril, 119
reuptake, 332
Rhodes, Tristan, 130
Richards, Keith, 238
Richter, Gerhard, 45
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 278
Rimer, Sara, 461–62
Risperdal, 118
ritual, power of, 170
Rivers, Lynn, 362, 374, 377, 382–84
Robbins, E., 447
Robbins, Maggie, 22, 125–29, 131–32, 437, 442
Roberts, Seth, 136
Robinson, Nicholas, 307, 483
Rogers, Joe, 384–86, 389–93
Rogers, Timothy, 480
Roman civilization, melancholy in, 289–92
romanticism, 311–12, 314–16
roofies (date-rape drug), 234
Roose, S. P., 495
Rose, Henry, 313
Rosenfeld, Alvin, 490
Rosenthal, Norman, 104, 140
Roukema, Marge, 372–73, 374, 376, 377, 378
Rowley, William, 482
rTMS (repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation), 137, 139, 418, 454
Rufus of Ephesus, 289–90, 291, 305
ruling class, oppression imposed by, 320
rural culture, women’s depression in, 339, 343–45, 351
Rusakoff, Frank (pseudonym), 162–63, 164–65, 438, 441
Rush, Benjamin, 319
Russia:
alcohol consumption norms in, 226–27
U.S. immigrants from, 200–201
Ryan, Neal, 460
S
Saar, Dou-dou, 165
Sackin, Harold, 453–54
sacred remedy, 290
SAD (seasonal affective disorder), 137, 140, 186, 208–9
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), 137, 147–48, 456
s
adism, 324, 325
Saint-John’s-wort, 137, 146–47, 148, 149, 304, 313, 394, 455–56
SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine), 137, 147–48, 456
Sameroff, Arnold, 182–83
SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration), 369
Sandfort, Theo, 203
sanity, public perceptions about, 393
Santayana, George, 246
Sapolsky, Robert, 449
Sartor Resartus (Carlyle), 321
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 329
Saturn, 296
Savage, George H., 322
Savage God, The (Alvarez), 208–9, 244, 263, 280
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, 440
Schildkraut, Joseph, 332–33
schizo-affective conditions, 428–29
delusions of, 305, 421
schizophrenia:
low income linked to, 353
in prison populations, 394
symptoms of substance abuse/depression combinations vs., 221, 467
violent behaviors associated with, 373, 380
Schmidt, Chrissie, 264–65
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 24–25, 245–46, 247, 316–17, 443, 484
science:
applied research vs. basic research in, 369
mechanistic approaches of, 306–8
in modern life, 408
of psychobiology, 326–28
spiritual values vs., 321
Scot, Reginald, 297
seasonal affective disorder (SAD), 137, 140, 186, 208–9
secrecy, 363–65
sedatives, 222
Segal, Boris, 467
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):
in Alzheimer’s disease, 193, 463
brain temperature and, 452
broad usage of, 435
elderly depression treated with, 190, 193
negative sexual effects of, 115–17, 453
oversimplification implied in name of, 396–97
pharmaceutical industry development of, 13, 333–34
post-stroke depression and, 193
reabsorption process blocked by, 112
side effects of, 80, 115–17, 120, 236, 453
in suicide prevention, 115, 252
U.S. usage of, 25, 447
varieties of, 114
see also specific selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
self:
historical concepts of, 287, 300
sequential model of, 21, 432
self-consciousness:
brain asymmetry and, 415
mechanistic model of, 306
speech as origin of, 415
suicidality and, 245, 254, 256–57
self-hatred, gay shame and, 205
self-mutilation, 71, 151–52, 421, 422–28
Seligman, Martin, 451, 460
Seneca, 289
Senegal, ndeup ceremonies for mental illness in, 165–70
senility, 190, 191, 192–93
sensation, emotions triggered by, 402
separation anxiety, 182
Sérèr people, 165
serotonin, serotonin levels:
aggressive behavior and, 114, 253–54
alcoholism and, 217, 228
Alzheimer’s disease and, 193, 463
in amelioration of depression, 22
in animal studies, 113–14, 253, 254, 473
anxiety and, 65, 119
atypical antidepressants and, 118
cortisol levels vs., 57, 59
dietary choices and, 138
elderly diminishment of, 189–90, 462
genetic determination of, 254
illegal substances and, 230, 233
impulsive behavior linked with, 253
initial isolation of, 331
melatonin derived from, 55
of men vs. women, 254
as monoamine, 332
multiple functions of, 112
nicotine use and, 225
oversimplification of popular beliefs about, 112, 362
prefrontal cortex and abnormalities in metabolism of, 418
in sleep, 145
suicidality and, 253, 254, 473
tricyclic effects on, 117
see also selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
serotonin antagonists, 116
serotonin synthesis:
in men vs. women, 174
nutrition and, 138
in retina, 140
serotonin theory, 333
Seroxat/Paxil (paroxetine), 334
sertraline (Lustral/Zoloft), 51, 60, 78, 114, 118, 121, 236, 334
Serzone, 114, 118, 119
sexual abuse, 176, 188, 340–41, 348, 349, 350, 351, 355, 421
sexual behavior:
antidepressants’ negative effects on, 91–92, 115–17, 157
mood disorder as risk factor in, 353–54
overabundance of public information on, 399–400
see also gay men and women, depression among
sexually transmitted diseases, 202
Shaffer, D., 464
Shaffer, Howard, 222
Shakespeare, William, 299–300, 301, 430
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 314–15
Sherrington, Charles, 403
Shiels, John F., 492
Shneidman, Edwin, 248, 252, 263–64
shock treatments, see electroconvulsive therapy
shooting incidents, 373, 374
Shorter, Edward, 194
Short History of Decay, A (Cioran), 273
Silvaticus, Joannes Baptista, 299
Simpson, Sylvia, 104–5, 106, 185–86, 370
sin, depression as, 293–94, 295, 296–97
Singapore, cultural attitudes on depression in, 200
Singh, Pami, 456
Skeptics, 289
skin cancer, 31, 447
skydiving, 261
Slaby, Andrew, 466, 467, 469
sleep:
antidepressant suppression of REM phase of, 113, 452
blood sugar fluctation as impediment to, 139
caffeine and, 397
disruption in patterns of, 144, 145–46, 190, 455
insomnia and, 119, 146, 190
neurotransmitter systems and, 145
panic attacks in delta phase of, 65
as primary illness diagnostic tool, 220–21, 466
REM stage of, see rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
as safe withdrawal, 406
sleep advancement, 145
sleep deprivation therapy, 137, 144
Sloman, Leon, 495
Smith, C. U. M., 403
Smith, Joel P., 268
Smith, Richard, 492
smoking, 202, 218, 225
Smollett, Tobias, 311
social ranking, dominance conflicts and, 404–6
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), 368
societies, in transitional phases, 208, 407
Socrates, 287, 288
Solidarity movement, 201
Solomon, Andrew:
alcohol reactions of, 227–28
breakdowns experienced by, 42–43, 44, 45–48, 49–55, 61, 63–65, 67–69, 83–90, 91, 278–79, 325–26, 426, 432, 438
childhood of, 39–42, 206
costs of treatment for, 492
homosexuality of, 206–8
medications used by, 30, 60, 61, 63, 64–65, 70–71, 77–80, 86–92, 119, 123–24, 125, 234–35, 236–37, 242, 426, 432, 447, 492
members of Congress interviewed by, 375–78
personal value of depression experiences of, 78, 91, 436–37, 443
in psychotherapy, 44–45, 48, 70, 105, 492
suicidal thoughts of, 67, 68–69, 71–73, 77, 78, 85, 244, 247, 260–61, 265–66, 274–75, 278, 279, 280, 283, 443
violent episodes of, 179–80
writing career of, 40, 46, 49, 86–87, 89, 325, 397, 448, 448
Solomon, Carolyn, 206, 268, 271–73, 275–79, 476
Solomon, David, 277,
278
Solomon, Howard, 13, 278, 445
Sonata, 234
Sonego, Tina, 238–42, 438, 442
Sorrows of Young Werther, The (Goethe), 251, 315
Soviet concentration camps, 281
Special K (ketamine), 232
speech:
as origin of self-consciousness, 415
positive emotion allied with, 418–19
Spinoza, Benedict, 308
spiritual belief, see religious faith
Spitz, Henry, 466
spleen, 297, 300, 315
SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance), 367, 368
SSI (Supplemental Security Income), 160, 368
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