Clouds of Glory

by Michael Korda

  512 Just then Lee’s nephew Fitzhugh: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 520.

  513 “to hold Hooker’s 72,000”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 187.

  513 Stuart, as good as his word: Sears, George B. McClellan, 129.

  514 They located a recent logging trail: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 522–23.

  514 One of his staff: James Robertson, Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend (New York: Macmillan, 1997), 712.

  514 Jackson had unbuckled his sword: Ibid., 913.

  514 “I have but to show him my design”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 524.

  516 Jackson, to his relief: Robertson, Stonewall Jackson, 719.

  516 “exploded out of the woods”: Wikipedia, “Battle of Chancellorsville,” 13.

  516 “Position after position”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 798.

  516 “that we should all strip”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 173.

  517 “a calamity of the first order”: Ibid., 189.

  517 Lee himself spent May 2: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 531.

  517 “moaned audibly”: Ibid., 533.

  518 “with utmost vigor”: War of the Rebellion, Series I, Vol. XXV, Part I, 769.

  518 “I know all about it”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 535.

  519 “Lee’s presence”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 273.

  519 Dazed and humiliated: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 191.

  520 “My God!”: Michael Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln: A Life (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 498.

  CHAPTER 10 Gettysburg—“If We Do Not Whip Him, He Will Whip Us”

  525 Longstreet was sufficiently opposed: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 277.

  526 In his patient, stubborn way: Ibid., 280.

  526 Lee made it clear: Ibid.

  526 Longstreet managed to extract: Ibid., 280–81.

  526 “secretly swollen with the idea”: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1935), Vol. 3, 15.

  527 “Although reserved in speech”: Jeffrey Wert, General James Longstreet: The Confederacy’s Most Controversial Soldier (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993), 21.

  527 Longstreet’s first act: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 282.

  527 “It was now a far stronger army”: Colonel Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, 1689–1900 (New York: Praeger, 1959), text accompanying map 92.

  528 He was cautious in revealing: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 285.

  528 He had hoped to take advantage: Ibid.

  529 Colonel Walter Taylor: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 180.

  529 His military secretary: Charles Marshall, An Aide-de-Camp of Lee (Boston: Little Brown, 1927), 182.

  529 “might offer a fair opportunity”: Jeffrey D. Wert, A Glorious Army: Robert E. Lee’s Triumph, 1862–1863 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011), 213.

  530 The fact that Lee was “thinning”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 286.

  531 Lee ordered A.P. Hill: Ibid.

  532 If Hooker moved his army: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 93.

  532 It may well have appeared: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 182.

  535 Stuart’s cavalry covered the gaps: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 93.

  535 By now Hooker: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 195.

  537 “All fences have been destroyed”: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 2, 178.

  537 At Berryville on June 21: Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April–June, 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 249.

  537 On June 25, Fremantle: Ibid., 236.

  537 This was the same day: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 195.

  538 “I think I can throw”: The Papers of Jefferson Davis, Lynda Lasswell Crist, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), Vol. 9, 244.

  538 “We use Confederate money”: Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, June 23, 1863, ibid., 238.

  539 “to take position”: Fitzhugh Lee, General Lee (New York: Appleton, 1894), 265.

  539 Major-General Fuller condemns: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 195.

  540 The big cavalry battle at Brandy Station: Wert, A Glorious Army, 251.

  540 “eight-mile train”: Ibid., 271.

  540 Stuart later boasted: Ibid.

  541 “Can you tell me”: Ibid., 273.

  543 Longstreet ordered Fairfax: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 294.

  544 Stuart’s absence was to have: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 105.

  544 “the spirit that inhibits victory”: Ibid., 68.

  545 Longstreet’s corps complain: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 249.

  545 “It had not been intended”: Three Days at Gettysburg: Essays on Confederate and Union Leadership, Gary W. Gallagher, ed. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1999), 18.

  546 “I had a long talk”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 250.

  547 Although Pickett was something of a dandy: Ibid., 247.

  547 Heavy rain slowed: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 64.

  549 “He wore a long gray jacket”: Fremantle, 198.

  550 Except for the advantage: Edwin C. Bearss, Fields of Honor (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2006), 158.

  551 “I cannot think”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 303.

  552 “saith among the trumpets”: Job 39:25.

  554 A “long gray line”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 69–70.

  554 When General Heth: Ibid.

  556 “exhausted and disorganized”: Robert K. Krick, Stonewall Jackson at Cedar Mountain (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990), 284.

  557 Fremantle managed to make his way: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 255.

  558 Taylor admired Ewell: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 182.

  558 It is possible that Taylor: Ibid., 190.

  558 Given the fatal phrase: Ibid.

  559 In other versions: Gallagher, Three Days at Gettysburg, 28.

  559 In mid-afternoon he paused: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 254.

  560 Longstreet was surprised: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 304.

  561 Besides all that: Ibid., 306.

  562 Longstreet replied that McLaws: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 76.

  562 Since Longstreet’s corps was not yet up: Ibid., 77.

  563 “After he had reached Gettysburg”: Ibid.

  563 It was not in his nature: Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, The Fremantle Diary, Walter Lord, ed. (New York: Capricorn, 1960), 292, n3.

  563 He sent for Major General Jubal Early: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 78.

  564 He thought that the Federals: Ibid., 79.

  565 Lee must have had such feelings: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 156.

  565 “If I attack from my right”: Ibid, 80.

  566 “intrench themselves strongly”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 256.

  567 “General Lee never, in his life”: Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: A Study in Command, Gettysburg to Appomattox (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997), Vol. 3, 110.

  567 “Gentlemen, we will attack”: “The Gettysburg Campaign,” in Southern Historical Society Papers, Robert Alonzo Brock, ed. (Richmond, Va.: W.M. Ellis Jones Sons, September 1915), New Series, No. 2, Vol. 40, 275.
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  569 “My son, I hope you will soon”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 131.

  570 “The enemy is here”: Ibid., 89.

  570 “The stars were shining”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 307.

  570 “the truly American custom”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 257.

  570 Freeman has Lee eagerly looking: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 86.

  570 In any case, no attack: Wert, General James Longstreet, 272.

  571 “The enemy occupied a series of high ridges”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 257.

  571 “A dead silence”: Ibid., 258.

  571 He may very well: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 87.

  571 The Prussian observer: Ibid., 90.

  572 “What can detain Longstreet”: Gallagher, Three Days at Gettysburg, 159.

  572 “were suffering from the lack”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 94.

  573 “quantities of cherries”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 258.

  573 “When things go wrong”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 198.

  575 “profoundly still”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 259.

  575 “polkas and waltzes”: Ibid., 260.

  576 “apathy”: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 164.

  577 “irritated and annoyed”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 89.

  580 Although that battle lasted: Noah Trudeau, The Second Day: A Testing of Courage (New York: HarperCollins, 2002), 272.

  580 “Well, General, you are here”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 282.

  581 “was doing well”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 260.

  581 “We have not been as successful”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 282.

  582 It was Lee’s job: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 105.

  583 “General, I have been”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 283.

  585 All together, Lee had 125: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 109–10.

  585 The rest were scattered: Ibid.

  585 As Longstreet reckoned: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 325.

  586 “filled with wounded”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 262.

  586 “the range of heights”: Ibid., 263.

  587 “little clump of trees”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 111.

  588 “I heard a thud on my right”: John H. Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry (New York: Neale, 1912), 129.

  590 “if General Longstreet’s attack should fail”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 114.

  590 Lee folded up his map: Ibid.

  590 “If the artillery”: Ibid., 115.

  591 “entirely successful”: Edward Porter Alexander, Military Memoirs of a Confederate: A Critical Narrative (New York: Scribner, 1914), 421.

  591 “calm and confident”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 116.

  592 “For every Southern boy”: From William Faulkner’s Intruder in the Dust. See Charles Shelton Aiken, William Faulkner and the Southern Landscape (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 115.

  594 The first salvo: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 197.

  594 saw “a shell go through six horses”: Earl J. Hess, Pickett’s Charge: The Last Attack at Gettysburg (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 149.

  594 “Shells burst in the air”: War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series I, Vol. 27, Part I (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1889), 706.

  594 “made a very hell”: Jacob Hoke, Historical Reminiscences of the War (Chambersburg, Pa.: M.A. Foltz Printer, 1884), 81.

  594 “too much elevation”: Bearss, Fields of Honor, 196.

  594 “a display of fireworks”: Jeffrey D. Wert, Gettysburg: Day Three (New York: Touchstone, 2001), 182.

  594 “sheltered lines of infantry”: “Review of the Gettysburg Campaign,” in Southern Historical Society Papers, R.A. Brock, ed. (Richmond, Va.: Southern Historical Society, 1909), Vol. 37, 137.

  595 “For God’s sake come quick”: Wert, General James Longstreet, 290.

  595 Although Brigadier General Hunt was trying: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 120.

  596 Lee’s artillery chief: Ibid., 121.

  596 “nearly exhausted”: Ibid.

  596 Alexander reported to Longstreet: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 350.

  596 “fill up his ammunition chests”: Ibid., 351.

  596 “grand march moved bravely on”: Ibid.

  596 “the salute of the officers”: Ibid., 350.

  598 “Yankee dead”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 264.

  598 “his colors cut down”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 332.

  599 As the Confederates approached: Philip M. Cole, Civil War Artillery at Gettysburg: Organization, Equipment, Ammunition and Tactics (New York: Da Capo, 2002), 132.

  599 “I soon began to meet”: Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 265.

  600 “When a mounted officer began”: Ibid., 268.

  601 “There are the guns, boys”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 128.

  601 “Too bad!”: Ibid., 133–34.

  601 “It’s all my fault”: Ibid., 136.

  CHAPTER 11 Lee and Grant

  603 “I hope,” he wrote: Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis, July 8, 1863, Papers of Jefferson Davis, Lynda Lasswell Crist, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), Vol. 9, 266.

  605 “I deeply sympathize”: Robert E. Lee, Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 100.

  606 Markie corresponded with Lee: Frances Scott and Anne C. Webb, Who Is Markie? The Life of Martha Custis Williams Carter, Cousin and Confidante of Robert E. Lee (Berwyn Heights, Md.: Heritage, 2007), 41.

  607 Having fallen “in love”: Ibid., 133.

  607 But if Lee thought he was well rid: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 114.

  607 He came to visit the Lees: Scott and Webb. Who Is Markie? 148.

  607 Agnes and Orton: Ibid.

  608 “an indefinable air”: Ibid., 151.

  608 When asked for his opinion: Ibid., 152–53.

  608 Lee was said to be outraged: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 3, 213.

  609 “Again and again”: Coulling, The Lee Girls, 125.

  610 Freeman mentions that soldiers: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 243.

  612 “Blessed be the Lord”: Ibid., 242.

  613 a daily ration: Ibid., 248.

  613 “Not only did [Lee] refuse”: J. F. C. Fuller, Grant and Lee: A Study in Personality and Generalship (New York: Scribner, 1933), 125.

  613 “It has pleased God”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 217.

  614 “more vigorous enforcement”: Ibid., 254.

  614 At its lowest point: Ibid., 253.

  615 General Beauregard wanted to concentrate: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 210.

  615 Lee, possibly persuaded: Ibid., 211.

  616 At first Lee planned: Ibid., 212.

  617 Lee woefully underestimated: Colonel Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, 1689–1900 (New York: Praeger, 1959), Vol. 1, text accompanying map 120.

  617 Lee’s army was spread: Ibid., map 121.

  617 As for Grant: Ibid.

  617 “The Wilderness”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 212.

  618 Colonel Vincent Esposito speculates: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, Vol. 1, text accompanying map 121.

  619 The fighting was so fierce: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 280–81.

  620 “a wrestle as blind as midnight”: Adam Badeau, Military History of Ulysses S. Grant: From April, 1861 to April, 1865 (New York: Appleton, 1882), Vol. 2, 113.

  620 “The woods were set on fire”: Ulysses Grant, Personal Memoirs
of U. S. Grant (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1894), 457.

  620 As the flames spread: Mark Grimsley, And Keep Moving On: The Virginia Campaign, May–June, 1864 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 38.

  621 This might have succeeded: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 284.

  621 “His face was aflame”: Ibid., 287.

  622 Beneath the calm exterior: James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1960), 480.

  622 “that his line would be recovered”: Ibid.

  622 Freeman is probably more correct: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 288.

  622 By ten o’clock in the morning: Ibid., 290.

  623 “Oh, I am heartily tired”: Brooks D. Simpson, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), 298.

  624 Thrown on the defensive: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 216.

  624 “Sometimes they put this three days”: Ibid.; Theodore Lyman, Meade’s Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman, David W. Lowe, ed. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2007), 99–100.

  624 “this country is intersected”: Ibid.

  624 “ably entrenched himself”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 218.

  625 “He never brought me a piece of false information”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 327.

  625 “A more zealous”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 125.

  626 “I can scarcely think of him”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 327.

  627 As one Union officer graphically described: Horace Porter, Campaigning with Grant (New York: Century, 1897), 111.

  628 “We were in constant contact”: Walter Herron Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), 245.

  629 “Lee was opposed to the final defense”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 130.

  629 It is remarkable that Lee: Ibid., 127.

  630 The dead were grotesquely bloated: Grimsley, And Keep Moving On, 38.

  630 “he feared such an arrangement”: Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, 343.

  631 By June 13 Grant had bridged: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of the American Wars, Vol. 1, text accompanying map 137.

  631 For all that, Grant managed: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 224.

  632 “it will become a siege”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 3, 398.

  633 “He always tried to prevent them”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 132.