The Wake
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Hay Pook mine, 254, 264, 270
health care, lack of
in Newfoundland, 175
in St. Lawrence, 126, 133, 134–35, 158, 176, 177–78, 183, 188, 243
heart attack, in miners, 225, 288, 296, 307, 321–22, 355n9
Heatter, Gabriel, 15–16
Hendrigan, Connie, 313
Hepditch, Betty, 52
Hepditch, David, 37, 51, 52
Hepditch, Henry, 52, 54
Hepditch, Jessie, 36, 51, 52
Herring Cove, 165
Hickox, Ralph, 194
Higgins, Charles “Vannie,” 18
Hillier, Chesley, 37, 51
Hillier, Douglas, 38
Hillier, Henry, 37, 52
Hillier, Herbert, 36, 38, 50
Hillier, Irene, 52, 53
Hillier, Jemimiah, 37, 52
Hillier, Josiah, 37, 53
Hillier, Lizzie, 37, 52–53, 57
Hillier, Nan, 36–37, 50–52
Hillier, Robert, 54, 346n31
Hillier, Thomas (brother of Nan), 52
Hillier, Thomas (killed by tsunami), 53
Hippocrates, 229
Hiroshima, 172, 173
Hollett, Beatrice, 61
Hollett, Ben, 61
Hollett, Malcolm, 57, 60
Hollywood, Brian, 282–83, 285, 314, 335
Home (ship), 181
Hope Simpson, John, 107–9, 134–39, 140, 145–46, 319–21
Hope Simpson, Mary Jane (Quita), 109, 134, 135
horses, 38, 42
hospitals. See cottage hospitals; health care, lack of; US Memorial Hospital
housing, 139, 345n18, 345n21
Howse, Claude, 137, 140–41, 145–50, 152, 153, 172–73
hunting, 16, 17
hurricane of 1775, 28, 345n21
Hussey, Sidney, 36, 38
* * *
Iceland, 56, 281
illness. See disease and illness
Imperial Economic Conference, 106
Imperial Oil Ltd., 101
industrial health, profile of, 244–45
infant mortality, 244
inquiries. See Royal Commission Respecting Radiation . . . ; trade dispute board inquiry
insurance, 284
Inverness County, 218
IOUs, as currency, 132
Irishness, 161, 320
iron ore, 71, 171
Iron Springs mine, 146, 182, 287, 327
accidents at, 206–7
conditions in, 163, 177, 225, 230, 231, 259
deaths at, 3, 206–8
deposits located at, 80
facilities at, 189–90
illness in miners, 231. See also lung cancer; silicosis
opening and closure of, 127, 253
in rescue of US sailors, 189, 190, 191, 196, 197
in St. Patrick’s Day dispute, 162, 163–64
isolation
of Burin Peninsula, 15, 35, 114, 203
illness and, 202
Itchy (bar proprietor), 216, 217
* * *
Johnstone, Prof. J.H.L., 25
Judique, NS, 219
* * *
Kean, Cpt. Wes, 55–56, 57
Keene, George, 332–33
Kelleher, Cornelius, 139–40, 141, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152–53
Kelly, Curt, 39, 62
Kelly, Dorothy, 39, 61, 62
Kelly, Eileen Tobin, 297
Kelly, Elroy, 39, 61
Kelly, Frances, 39, 61, 62
Kelly, Jerome, 227
Kelly, Marion, 38–39, 61, 62
Kelly, Monica, 324
Kelly, Robert (Bob), 296–97, 300–301, 324
Kelly, Vincent, 39, 62
Kelly’s Cove, Nfld., earthquake and tsunami in, 33, 38–39, 60–62
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 199
Knox, Frank, 203
Korean War, 252
Ku Klux Klan, 199
* * *
Labrador, 25, 173–74
Ladies’ Orange Benevolent Association, 36–37, 50
Lake, Thomas, 257, 283–84
Lamaline, Nfld., 37, 55, 134, 136, 302
earthquake and tsunami in, 37–38, 50–51
Lautenberg (US assistant secretary for defence procurement), 173
Lawn, Nfld., 66, 71, 212, 219, 281, 302, 323–24
Lawn Point, 190, 196
Lawrence, Saint, 21
Leyton, Elliott, 302–3, 354n1
liability, 238, 243
Liberal Party, corruption in, 86
Liddell, T.K., 157, 176
Lisbon, 46
Lisbon tsunami of 1755, 46
Little St. Lawrence, 302
Lockyer, James, 51
Loder, Leo, Jr., 205
Loder, Leo, Sr., 190, 204–5, 242–43
Loder, Lillian, 190, 198, 204–5, 209, 243
Loder, Lisa, 307, 315
Lodge, Thomas, 321
Lord and Lady Gulch, 80
Lord’s Cove, Nfld., 223, 302
earthquake and tsunami in, 33, 39–40, 42–44, 57
Lowe, Frank, 23, 24
Lower River Inhabitants, NS, 25
Lunenburg, 70
lung cancer, 257–61. See also cancer
compensation for, 296
death count, 321, 354n7
in miners, 322
misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, 291
and radiation exposure, 267, 268, 318
and smoking, 257
in St. Lawrence miners, 257–58, 260, 266, 267, 270, 275, 279–80, 289, 291, 296–98, 312, 354n7
symptoms of, 302
underdiagnosis of, 270
in uranium miners, 257, 270
* * *
MacDonald, Angus (“Black Angus”), 216
MacDonnell, Alex, 219
MacIntyre, Alice Donohue, 3, 180, 181–83
MacIntyre, Dan (Danny), vii, 1–6, 179–82, 214–19, 331–34
MacIntyre, Linden, 1–6, 180–81, 213–17, 331–36
MacIsaac, Jack, 181, 218–19
MacKay, Peter, 2
Maclean’s, 294
MacLeod, Charlie Angus, 214
MacLeod, John, 25
MacNeil, Joe, 218–19
MacPhail, Philip, 214
malnutrition, 29, 95, 98, 108, 155, 244
Manhattan Project, 171–74
Margaree, NS, 219
Martin, John, 327
Marystown, Nfld., 134
McGrath, James, 266, 267–68
McInerney, Ed, 191–92, 198
McKenna, Mary (Walsh), 39, 40, 43, 44, 345n14
SS Meigle, 58–59, 59–60, 64, 66, 67, 79
meningitis, 133, 175
Mexico
competition from, 252, 261–62, 326
Seibert investment in, 263
midwives, 183
Miller, James Anthony, 347n43
Miller, Leonard, 212
mine dust. See dust
miners. See also death; disease and illness; mining accidents
autopsies on, 291
character and culture of, 285–86, 323
as jacks of all trades, 179, 179
patron saint of, 21
miners’ tuberculosis. See silicosis
mines
earthquakes in, 24
open-cut vs. underground, 231
mining, economic benefits of, 108, 138
mining accidents, 227, 230
deaths from, 3, 140, 149, 206–8, 214, 298–300, 315, 317
rate of, 230, 322
Minworth PLC, 327
Miquelon, 15, 35
Montreal, earthquake felt in, 25
moon, 22, 33, 36, 42
moon landing, 305, 306, 307
Morgan, Gail, 208–9
Morris, Eloise, 27, 68, 347n50
Morris, William J., 68–69
Mosdell, H.M. (Harris), 66
Mussolini, Benito, 107, 235
* * *
Nagasaki, 172, 173
SS Nerissa, 25, 344n4
Newfluor. See also Alcan; Director mine
damage management by, 260–61
inspection at, 230
layoffs by, 326
Nova Scotia, recruitment from, 205
strikes and walkouts at, 162, 164, 165, 170, 176
and working conditions, 251, 274, 295, 304
Newfoundland, Dominion of (to 1949)
bonds, 93–94
under British governance, 107, 159, 171, 180, 234, 319 (see also Newfoundland Commission of Government)
budget, 99–101, 346n32
debt, 56–57, 88, 90, 93–94, 96, 107, 171, 319, 346n32
economy, 29, 56–57, 90, 108, 138–39, 174, 202, 234
in the First World War, 28, 56, 108, 311
geology, 7–8
health and safety regulations, 286
health care, lack of, 175
loans to, 96, 97–98, 100–101, 346n32
political paralysis of, 88, 100–101
in the Second World War, 158–59, 170, 174–75, 218, 234
Newfoundland, province of (from 1949)
and Alcan, 266, 274, 326
and Canada Fluorspar, 328
Confederation, 180–81, 210, 234, 235, 286
dust studies, 255
health and safety regulations, 286
hospital system, 211–12
malnutrition in, 244
mine inspections, 230
royal commission response, 296
and St. Lawrence Corp., 236–37, 271, 274
workers’ compensation regulations, 238
Workmen’s Compensation Act ( Nfld.), 283, 286, 288
Newfoundland Commission of Government, 107
colonial dominance of, 319, 320–21
mine inspections by, 230
and Seibert, 151, 253
and St. Lawrence mines, 168, 169
Newfoundland Fluorspar Company. See Newfluor
Newfoundland Hotel, 109
Newfoundland hurricane of 1775, 28, 345n21
Newfoundland Outport Nursing and Industrial Association ( NONIA), 347n47
Newfoundland Savings Bank, 94
newspapers, restrictions on, 59
New York City, 25, 70, 130
North Carolina, 28
Norway, 56
Notre Dame Bay, 213
Nova Scotia. See also Cape Breton
earthquake in, 20–26
immigration to, 70, 317
miners from, 205, 218
nurses, 65–67, 126, 177, 311–16
* * *
Oak Ridge, TN, 174
oil, 101
oil industry, 329
omens, 33, 38
oxygen levels, in mines, 225, 300
* * *
Parkerson, Clifford, 193
Pearl Harbor, 174
Pepper, John, 353n21
autopsy of Isaac Slaney, 232–33, 239, 301
and industrial health profile, 245, 256
silicosis diagnosis by, 228–29, 230–31, 238–39, 255
Petterson, Edward, 191, 194
Phillips, Lanier, 198–99
Pictou County, 24
Piercey, William, 49
Pike, Agnes, 41, 75–76
Pike, Augustus, 225, 257
Pike, Cornelius, 153
Pike, Kevin, 190, 254
Pike, Margaret, 294
Pike, Robert, 257
Pike, Tom, 40–42, 75–76, 152–53, 190, 254
Pike, Violet, 198
Pinnacle Point, 190, 193, 194
plutonium, 173
Point au Gaul, Nfld., 36–37
earthquake and tsunami in, 33, 38, 51–54, 57
USS Pollux
memorial to, 190, 196, 200–201, 329
recovery of bodies from, 199–200
rescue of, 195–97, 202–4
Port au Bras, Nfld., earthquake and tsunami in, 34, 60, 62–64, 347n43
Port aux Basques, Nfld., 136
Portia (ship), 55, 57, 68
post-mortems. See autopsies
poverty
on government assistance, 86
and illness, 202, 244, 250
in Newfoundland, 90, 242, 250
in St. John’s, 109
in St. Lawrence, 130, 149, 155, 204
Poynter, Adele, 348n1
Poynter, Barbara, 132
Poynter, Donald A.
arrival in and return to Newfoundland of, 109–10, 113–15, 117, 141, 162
character of, 146, 176, 182–83, 272
correspondence from, 348n1
and Doc Smith, 122
and Father Thorne, 141
and Florence Etchegary, 167, 205
and health and safety, 177, 264
illness of, 317
Kelleher and, 153
and labour relations, 154–55, 155–56, 163–64, 165, 168
MacIntyres and, 182–83
and mines shutdown, 254–55, 261
partnership promised to, 273
responsibilities of, 122, 155
salary payments to, 131, 132
and sale of St. Lawrence Corp., 275
sales by, 264, 268, 270–71
and Seibert, 116, 118, 121–22, 273
and silicosis, 238, 251
and St. Lawrence, 156–57, 275
in the United States, 139, 151–52, 159
Poynter, Thomas, 273, 275, 348n1
Poynter, Urla Crammond, 317
death of, 205, 251
and Dinah Giovannini, 141
and Father Thorne, 141
illness of, 117, 133, 139, 141, 151, 156, 159, 187–88, 251, 349n14
in St. Lawrence, 113, 114, 116–17
in the United States, 132–33, 139
prayer, 20, 33, 34
pre-employment screening, 286–87
productivity, improvements in, 177
Prohibition, 21, 23, 58, 219
prosperity loan, 100
protests. See also strikes and walkouts
over corruption, 102–5
over government assistance, 86–87, 91
women’s blockade, 323–24, 324–25
pulp-and-paper industry, 16
* * *
Quebec, MacIntyres in, 1–2, 4
Quekemeyer, Henry, 201
Quinton, H.W., 208
Quirke, Michael, 128, 257, 316, 322–23
Quirke, Peter, 128, 322–23
* * *
radiation, 260, 265. See also Royal Commission Respecting Radiation . . .
and lung cancer, 267, 268
in St. Lawrence mines, 264, 266–67, 268–69, 289, 291, 300
standards and regulations on, 266–67, 274
time from exposure to death, 318
ventilation and, 266, 268, 291, 300
of water-transported radon, 266
radiation fibrosis, 296
radiation therapy, 324
radio, 15–16, 55
radon, 260, 265, 266
regulations
on dust levels, 243, 256
lack of, 84, 95–96, 159
on radiation, 266–67, 274
on ventilation, 251
on workers’ compensation, 238
on working conditions, 251, 286, 322
Rennie, Albert, 40, 43, 44, 228, 318, 345n14
Rennie, Bernard, 40, 44
Rennie, Lucy (Clarke), 83
Rennie, Margaret, 40, 43–44, 345n14
Rennie, Martin, 40, 43, 44, 318, 345n14
Rennie, Patrick, Jr., 40, 44
Rennie, Patrick, Sr. (Paddy)
illness and death of, 225, 228, 257, 318–19
as miner, 123, 318
in tsunami, 42, 43, 44–45, 317–18, 345n14
Rennie, Richard, 226–27, 228
Rennie, Rita, 40, 44
Rennie, Sarah, 40, 44, 57
responsible government, suspension of, 107, 159, 171, 180, 234, 319
Richards, Morley, 353n18
rickets, 109
roads, 15, 35, 37, 55, 203,
260
rockbursts, 298–300, 313
Roosevelt, Franklin, 170–71, 203
Rowsell, Carmelita, 313, 314, 316
Royal Bank of Canada, 236
Royal Commission Respecting Radiation, Compensation and Safety at the Fluorspar Mines of St. Lawrence, 293–96, 297–98, 299, 300, 301, 306, 353n15, 353n21
final report of, 303–5
rum and rum-running, 21, 69
* * *
safety equipment, 125, 153
Saint, Lionel, 195, 196
Saint, L.J., 150
Saint, Theresa, 190
Salt Cove Brook mine, 325, 327
sanitation. See also water
and illness, 163, 244
negotiations on, 155
Poynter on, 156
in St. Lawrence mines, 126, 163, 176
scarlet fever, 175
scrips. See store credit
seal hunt, 16
Seamans, James, 192, 194, 198, 204–5, 209, 243
Seamans, Richard, 209, 211
Second World War, 158–59
fluorspar in, 156, 159, 170
Newfoundland in, 170, 218, 234
Seibert, Johanna, 273
Seibert, Walter. See also St. Lawrence Corporation of Newfoundland
anonymous report on competence of, 271–72
and Aubrey Farrell, 119–20, 128–29
character, 80–81, 119
control of St. Lawrence Corp., 149, 154–55
death of, 273
equipment purchase by, 120
and Hope Simpson, 137–38
labour relations, 168, 236, 263
loans to, 81
Mexican investment, 263
mining launch, 70–72, 80–82, 95
Newfoundland government relations, 151
payment arrangements by, 81, 82, 117–18, 120, 122
and Poynter, 116, 117, 118
and Smallwood, 235, 236–37, 252–53, 261–62
and St. Lawrence, 80–81, 146, 164, 168, 236
and St. Lawrence mines shutdown, 254–55, 261
tariff request, 252–53, 261–62, 263–64
US government relations, 159, 172, 173, 237, 263, 274
Seibert family, response of to royal commission, 296
seismographs, 24–25
sheep, 38
Shingle Point, 41, 181
ship sinkings. See USS Pollux; USS Truxtun
silicosis
cause of, 244
deaths from, 223–27
diagnosis of, 228–29, 230–31, 233, 238–39, 242, 255
dust and, 229, 231
and heart attack, 322
as “miners’ TB,” 226
as mystery illness, 223–27
prevention of, 245
in St. Lawrence miners, 287, 289
symptoms of, 229, 238, 302
time from exposure to death, 318
and tuberculosis, 229–30, 231, 243–44
ventilation and, 230