The Tempting of America

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by Robert H. Bork

9 Ibid.

  10 Ibid.

  11 Id. at 37.

  12 Hearings at 47 (opening statement of Senator Alan K. Simpson).

  13 Id. at 48-49.

  14 Id. at 49.

  15 Id. at 48.

  16 Hearings at 59, 61 (opening statement of Senator Charles E. Grassley).

  17 Ibid.

  18 Hearings at 85 (opening statement of Senator Gordon J. Humphrey).

  19 Id. at 86.

  20 Id. at 88.

  21 Hearings at 103 (opening statement of Robert H. Bork to be Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court).

  22 Ibid.

  23 Id. at 103-05.

  24 Hearings at 320.

  25 Hearings at 314.

  26 418 U.S. 153 (1974).

  27 Hearings at 280.

  28 Hearings at 280-83.

  29 347 U.S. 497 (1954).

  30 347 U.S. 483 (1954).

  31 Hearings at 284.

  32 J. Ely, Democracy and Distrust 32 (1980) (“[T]he Court held, in essence, that the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment incorporates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.”). See, e.g., Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1, 93 (1976); Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636, 638 n.2 (1975).

  33 Hearings at 284-85.

  34 Id. at 285.

  35 Ibid.

  36 Id. at 287.

  37 Id. at 287-88.

  38 Id. at 194-236.

  39 Id. at 467-69.

  40 See, e.g., Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Int’l Union v. American Cyanamid Co., 741 F.2d 444 (D.C. Cir. 1984).

  41 Kaus, Biden’s Belly Flop, NEWSWEEK, Sept. 28, 1987, at 23.

  42 Ibid.

  43 Alter & Fineman, The Fall of Joe Biden, NEWSWEEK, Oct. 5, 1987, at 28.

  44 Hearings at 860.

  45 The New York Times, Sept. 28, 1987, at B7 (“The Committee Democrats … kept anti-Bork witnesses with impeccable credentials in the spotlight, pushing many of the best pro-Bork witnesses into the evening hours.”).

  46 1 Media Monitor No. 7, at 1, 5-6 (Center for Media and Public Affairs, Oct. 1987).

  47 133 Cong. Rec. S13743 (daily ed. Oct. 7, 1987) (Sen. Conrad).

  48 133 Cong. Rec. S13708 (daily ed. Oct. 7, 1987) (Sen. Exon).

  49 The Washington Post, Sept. 21, 1987, at A15.

  50 The Washington Post, Oct. 8, 1987, at Al.

  51 Statement of Robert H. Bork, White House Press Room, Washington, D.C, Oct. 9, 1987.

  52 Radio Address to the Nation on the Nomination of Robert H. Bork to be an Associate Justice, Oct. 10, 1987, 23 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1158 (Oct. 19, 1987).

  53 Address to the Nation on the Nomination of Robert H. Bork to be an Associate Justice, Oct. 14, 1987, 23 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 1171, 1172 (Oct. 19, 1987).

  54 133 Cong. Rec. S14941 (daily ed. Oct. 23, 1987) (Sen. Danforth).

  THE CHARGES AND THE RECORD: A STUDY IN CONTRASTS

  1 The Biden Report and the Report of the Public Citizen Litigation Group are reprinted in 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 219, 297 (1987). Statements by the other groups listed may be found in Nomination of Robert H. Borkto be Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States: Hearings before the Senate Comm. on the Judiciary, 100th Cong., 1st Sess. [hereinafter Hearings], 370, 1335, 1630, 1725, 1880, 1936, 3978, 3995, 4003, 4053, 4531, 4739, 4908, 5266, 5307, 5588, 5701, 5913 (1987).

  2 Hearings at 157.

  3 347 U.S. 483 (1954).

  4 Bork, Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems, 47 Ind. L.J. 1 (1971).

  5 334 U.S. 1 (1948).

  6 Professors Wechsler and Henkin, both of Columbia, have noted the lack of a neutral principle behind Shelley. See Wechsler, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law, 73 Harv. L. Rev. 1,29 (1959); Henkin, Shelley v. Kraemer, Notes for a Revised Opinion, 110 U. Pa. L. Rev. 473, 474 (1962). In addition, the Supreme Court has repeatedly refused to extend Shelley. See, e.g., Evans v. Abney, 396 U.S. 435 (1970); Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis, 407 U.S. 163 (1972); San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. United States Olympic Comm., 483 U.S. 522 (1987).

  7 383 U.S. 301 (1966).

  8 383 U.S. 663 (1966).

  9 383 U.S. at 670 (Black, J., dissenting); 383 U.S. at 680 (Harlan, Stewart, JJ., dissenting).

  10 Butler v. Thompson, 341 U.S. 937 (1951).

  11 384 U.S. 641 (1966).

  12 384 U.S. at 659 (Harlan, Stewart, JJ., dissenting).

  13 City of Rome v. United States, 446 U.S. 156, 200 (1980).

  14 410 U.S. 113 (1973).

  15 R. Bork, Constitutionality of the President’s Busing Proposals 8-13 (1972).

  16 See, e.g., Hearings at 3135-45.

  17 See A Response to the Critics of Judge Robert H. Bork, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 373, 438 (1987).

  18 See The White House Report: Information on Judge Bork’s Qualification, Judicial Record & Related Subjects, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 187.

  19 Hearings at 469.

  20 United Jewish Organizations v. Carey, 430 U.S. 144 (1977).

  21 Hearings at 469.

  22 Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Int’l Union v. American Cyanamid Co., 741 F.2d 444 (D.C. Cir. 1984).

  23 See, e.g., Hearings at 3135-4-5.

  24 Reed v. Reed, 404 U.S. 71 (1971) (first Supreme Court decision analyzing gender classification under emerging intermediate standard of review).

  25 Rostker v. Goldberg, 453 U.S. 57 1981).

  26 J. Ely, Democracy and Distrust 164 (1980).

  27 U.S. CONST. amend. XIV, § 1.

  28 118 U.S. 356 (1886).

  29 See also Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190, 217 (1976) (Rehnquist, J., dissenting); Trimble v. Gordon, 430 U.S. 762, 777 (1977) (Rehnquist, J., dissenting).

  30 City of Cleburne, Texas v. Cleburne Living Center, 473 U.S. 432, 451 (1985) (Stevens, J., concurring).

  31 Justice Department Report, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 373, 454-68 (1987).

  32 Id. at 454 n. 105.

  33 Laffey v. Northwest Airlines, 740 F.2d 1071 (D.C. Cir. 1984) (per curiam).

  34 Hearings at 1135.

  35 Id. at 1136.

  36 Biden Report, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 219, 258-64 (1987).

  37 Id. at 259.

  38 R. Bork, The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War With Itself (197S).

  39 See Justice Department Report, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 373, 486 (1987), observing that The Antitrust Paradox has been cited approvingly in: Cargill, Inc. v. Monfort of Colorado, Inc., 479 U.S. 104, 121 n.17 (1986) (Brennan, J.); Matsushita Elec. Indus, v. Zenith Radio Co., 475 U.S. 574 (1986) (Powell, J.); Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp., 472 U.S. 585 (1985) (Stevens, J.); NCAA v. Board of Regents, 468 U.S. 85, 101 (1984) (same); Reiter v. Sonotone Corp., 442 U.S. 330, 343 (1979) (Burger, C.J.); United States v. United States Gypsum Co., 438 U.S. 422, 442 (1978) (same).

  40 Stewart, The Judicial Performance of Robert H. Bork in Administrative and Regulatory Law, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 135, 138 (1987).

  41 Anthony, Judge Robert H. Bork’s Decisions in Which he Wrote No Opinion: An Analysis of the Regulatory and Benefit Cases, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 159 (1987).

  42 Id. at 161.

  43 Id. at 164.

  44 Id. at 165.

  45 Id. at 171.

  46 Ibid.

  47 Id. at 172.

  48 Ibid.

  49 Id. at 174.

  50 Justice Department Report, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 373, 476-77 (1987).

  51 Bork, Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems, 47 Ind. L.J. 1 (1971).

  52 See, e.g., Letter, “Judge Bork Replies,” ABA JOURNAL, Feb. 1984, at 132.

  53 See Hearings at 271-77.

  54 King, Letter from the Birmingham Jail, ATLANTIC MONTHLY, Aug. 1963, at 78-88.

  55 395 U.S. 444, 447 (1969).

  56 Oilman v. Evans, 750 F.2d 970, 973 (D.C. Cir. 1984) (en banc) (Bork, J., concurring).

  57 McBride v. Merrell Dow & Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 717 F.2d 1460 (D.C Cir. 1983).

  58 Telecommunications Research & Action Center v. FCC, 801 F.2d 501 (D.C. Cir
. 1986).

  59 Quincy Cable TV v. FCC, 768 F.2d 1434 (D.C. Cir. 1985).

  60 FTC v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 778 F.2d 35 (D.C. Cir. 1985).

  61 Lebron v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 749 F.2d 893 (D.C. Cir. 1984).

  62 Finzer v. Barry, 798 F.2d 1450 (D.C. Cir. 1986).

  17. WHY THE CAMPAIGN WAS MOUNTED

  1 410 U.S. 113 (1973).

  2 M. A. Glendon, Abortion and Divorce in Western Law: American Failures, European Challenges 2 (1987).

  3 Thornburgh v. American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, 476 U.S. 747 (1986); Biden Report, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 219, 234 (1987) (“this particular vacancy—occurring at this particular time—carries historical weight”).

  4 For a description and definition of the intellectual or “new class,” see I. Kristol, Two Cheers for Capitalism 25-31 (1978).

  5 Conversation with Lloyd Cutler, May 20, 1989, New York, New York.

  6 Tom Hurwitz quoted in Dickstein, “Columbia Recovered,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, May 15, 1988, at 32.

  7 Id., quoting James Shapiro, at 68.

  8 D. Bok, Beyond the Ivory Tower: Social Responsibilities of the Modern University 83 (1982), quoting H. Taylor, Students Without Teachers: The Crisis in the University 128 (1969).

  9 Balch & London, The Tenured Left, COMMENTARY, vol. 82, Oct. 1986, at 41, 43.

  10 Id. at 45.

  11 Kissam, The Decline of Law School Professionalism, 134 U. Pa. L. Rev. 251, 271 (1986).

  12 Parker, The Past of Constitutional Theory—And Its Future, 42 Ohio St. L.J. 223,257 (1981); Schlegel, Notes Toward an Intimate, Opinionated, and Affectionate History of the Conference on Critical Legal Studies, 36 Stan. L. Rev. 391, 406 (1984).

  13 Inaugural Address, Jan. 20, 1989, 25 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 99, 100 (Jan. 27, 1989).

  14 Puddington, The Soul of the Left’s Machine, THE NATIONAL INTEREST, no. 13, Fall 1988, at 111.

  15 As quoted in P. Hollander, The Survival of the Adversary Culture 15152 (1988).

  16 Id. at 152.

  17 Lerner, “Cleaning Up the Mess,” The Washington Times, June 27, 1988, at D1.

  18 Introduction to A. Bloom, The Closing of the American Mind 18 (1987).

  19 A. Bickel, The Morality of Consent 137, 140 (1975).

  20 Id.

  21 Lacayo, The Battle Begins, TIME, July 13, 1987, at 10.

  18. EFFECTS FOR THE FUTURE

  1 The Washington Post, Nov. 13, 1987, at All.

  2 Bork, Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems, 47 Ind. L.J. 1 (1971).

  3 Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Int’l Union v. American Cyanamid Co., 741 F.2d 444 (D.C. Cir. 1984).

  CONCLUSION

  1 J. H. (Cardinal) Newman, The Development of Christian Doctrine 7 (1968).

  2 E. Burke, Speech on Moving His Resolutions for Conciliation With the Colonies (Mar. 22, 1775), reprinted in 1 The Works of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke 181, 200 (H. G. Bohn ed. 1841).

  3 R. Neuhaus, The Naked Public Square: Religion and Democracy in America 255 (1984).

  4 R. Bolt, A Man For All Seasons 65-66 (1962).

  5 Id. at 66.

  6 R. W. Chambers, Thomas More 268 (1962).

  7 E. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France 74 (T. Mahoney ed. 1955).

  Table of Works Cited

  References are to text pages where note is cited.

  Ackerman, The Storrs Lectures: Discovering the Constitution, 93 Yale L. J. 1013 (1984), 214, 215

  ACLU Foundation, business reply letter (Aug. 31, 1987) in Myers, Advice and Consent on Trial: The Case of Robert H. Bork, 66 Den. U. L. Rev. 201 (1989), 287-88

  Acton, Lord. Letter to Bishop Mandell Creighton (Apr. 5, 1887) in G. Himmelfarb, Lord Acton: A Study in Conscience and Politics (1952), 141

  Allen, Judgment Day for a Judging Panel, INSIGHT, Mar. 20, 1989, at A18, 292

  Alter & Fineman, The Fall of Joe Biden, NEWSWEEK, Oct. 5, 1987, 307

  Amar, Civil Religion and Its Discontents, 67 Tex. L. Rev. 1153 (1989), 218

  Anthony, Judge Robert H. Bork’s Decisions in Which He Wrote No Opinion: An Analysis of the Regulatory and Benefit Cases, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 159 (1987), 332-33

  Balch & London, The Tenured Left, COMMENTARY, vol. 82, Oct. 1986, 339

  Bator, P., P. Mishkin, D. Meltzer & D. Shapiro, Hart and Wechsler’s The Federal Courts and the Federal System (3d ed. 1988) quoting 1 Farrand, The Records of the Federal Convention (1911), 154

  Belloc, H., The Great Heresies (1987), 4, 11

  Berger, R., Death Penalties (1982), 159

  Bickel, A., The Least Dangerous Branch (1962), 71, 72, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192

  _____The Morality of Consent (1975), 131-32, 342

  Biden Report, 9 Cardozo L. Rev. 219 (1987), 287, 288, 291, 331, 337

  Bittker, The Bicentennial of the Jurisprudence of Original Intent: The Recent Past, 77 Calif. L. Rev. 235 (1989), 154

  Bloom, A., The Closing of the American Mind (1987), 137,342

  Bolt, R., A Man For All Seasons (1962), 354

  Bork, R. Letter. Judge Bork Replies, ABA JOURNAL, (Feb. 1984) at 132, 333

  _____Neutral Principles and Some First Amendment Problems, 47 Ind. L. J. 1 (1971), 152, 324, 333, 347

  _____The Antitrust Paradox: A Policy at War With Itself (197S), 73, 291, 332

  _____Civil Rights—A Challenge, THE NEW REPUBLIC, vol. 149 (1963), 80

  _____Consntutionality of the President’s Busing Proposals (1972), 325

  _____Conversation with Lloyd Cutler,

  May 20, 1989, New York, New York, 338

  _____Speech. “Federalism and Gentrification,” before The Federalist Society, Yale University, Apr. 24, 1982, 242

  _____Statement. White House Press Room, Washington, D. C, Oct. 9, 1987,314-15

  _____Tradition and Morality in Constitutional Law, Francis Boyer Lectures on Public Policy 11 (American Enterprise Institute, Dec. 1984), 178

  _____The Supreme Court Needs a New Philosophy, FORTUNE, vol. 78 (Dec. 1968), 80

  Boston Globe, Oct. 11, 1987, 282, 283

  Brennan, William J., Jr. Speech to the Text and Teaching Symposium, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (Oct. 12, 1985) reprinted in The Great Debate: Interpreting Our Written Constitution (Federalist Society, 1986), 162, 219, 220

  Brest, The Fundamental Rights Controversy: The Essential Contradictions of Normative Constitutional Scholarship, 90 Yale L. J. 1063 (1981), 148-49, 208

  _____The Misconceived Quest for the Original Understanding, 60 B. U. L. Rev. 204 (1980), 171-72, 208-9

  Brubaker, Rewriting the Constitution, COMMENTARY, vol. 86 (Dec. 1988), 206

  Burke, E., Reflections on the Revolution in France (T. Mahoney, ed., 1955), 354

  _____Speech on Moving His Resolutions for Conciliation with the Colonies (Mar. 22, 1775) in The Works of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke (H.G. Bohn ed. 1841), 353

  Bush, Inaugural Address, Jan. 20, 1989, 25 Weekly Comp. Pres. Doc. 99 (Jan. 27, 1989), 340

  Caplan, The History and Meaning of the Ninth Amendment, 69 Va. L. Rev. 223 (1985), 184

  Chambers, R.W., Thomas More (1962), 354

  133 Cong. Rec. S13708, S13743 (daily ed. Oct. 7, 1987), 309-310

  133 Cong. Rec. S14721 (daily ed. Oct. 21, 1987), 288

  133 Cong. Rec. S14941 (daily ed. Oct. 23, 1987), 315

  Cooley, T., Constitutional Limitations (2d ed. 1871), 134

  Cox, A., The Court and the Constitution (1987), 89

  Currie, D., The Constitution in the Supreme Court: The First Hundred Tears, 1979-1888 (1985), 27, 32, 39

  Dahl, R., Democracy in the United States (3d ed. 1976), 242

  The Detroit News, “Screen Test for Judges,” April 2, 1989, 292

  Deutsch, Neutrality, Legitimacy and the Supreme Court: Some Intersections Between Law and Political Science, 20 Stan. L. Rev. 169 (1968), 78

  Devlin, P., The Enforcement of Morals (1965), 249

  Director, The Parity of the Marketplace, 7
J. L. & Econ. 1 (1964), in Siegan, B., Economic Liberties and the Constitution (1988), 225-26

  Donohue, W., The Politics of the American Civil Liberties Union (1985), 243

  Dowd, Winning One From the Gipper, FORTUNE, vol. 116, Nov. 1987, 288

  Dworkin, R., A Matter of Principle (1985), 214

  _____Taking Rights Seriously (1978), 213, 214

  _____The Forum of Principle, 56 N. Y. U. L. Rev. 469 (1981), 176-77

  Ely, J., Democracy and Distrust (1980), 32, 83, 161, 162, 178, 179, 180, 182, 184, 185, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 234, 242, 306, 329

  Epstein, R., Takings: Private Property and the Power of Eminent Domain

  (1985), 230

  _____Toward a Revitalization of the Contract Clause, 51 U. Chi. L. Rev. 703 (1984), 229

  Fairman, C, “Reconstruction and Reunion: 1864-88,” History of the Supreme Court of the United States (1971), 39

  Fehrenbacher, D., “Dred Scott v. Sandford” in 2 Encyclopedia of the American Constitution (1986), 34

  Fogel, R. & S. Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery (1974), 29

  Fortas, A., The New York Times, June 15, 1937, 55

  Frankfurter, F., The Commerce Clause (1937), 160

  Frost, R., Address, Milton Academy, Milton, Massachusetts, May 17,1935, 264

  Genovese, E., The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South (1965), 29

  Glendon, M.A., Abortion and Divorce in Western Law: American Failures, European Challenges (1987), 337

  Grey, Do We Have an Unwritten Constitution? 27 Stan. L. Rev. 703 (1975), 209

  _____Eros, Civilization and the Burger Court,” 43 Law & Contemp. Probs. 83 (1980), 209-10

  _____Origins of the Unwritten Constitution: Fundamental Law in American Revolutionary Thought, 30 Stan. L. Rev. 843 (1978), 209

  _____The Constitution as Scripture, 37 Stan. L. Rev. 1 (1984), 209, 210

  Hamilton, A., The Federalist, No. 78 (C. Rossiter ed. 1961), 154

  _____Quoted in L. Levy, Original Intent and the Framers’ Constitution (1988), 176

  _____Quoted in Thayer, The Origin and Scope of the American Doctrine of Constitutional Law, 7 Harv. L. Rev. 129 (1893), 176

  Hand, L., The Bill of Rights (1958), 224

  Handler, The Supreme Court and the Antitrust Laws; A Critic’s Viewpoint, 1 Ga. L. Rev. (1967), 73

  Henkin, Shelley v. Kraemer, Notes for a Revised Opinion, 110 U. Pa. L. Rev. 473 (1962), 324

  Himmelfarb, G., Letter to R. Bork (May 4, 1989), 137

 

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