Federal Power Commission, 142
Federal Reserve Act (1913), 53, 57
Federal Reserve Board, 162, 172, 325
Federal Security Administration, 412
Federal Trade Commission, 370
Federalists, 239
Feis, Herbert, 177
Fidelity and Deposit Co. of Maryland, 84-85
Fillmore, Millard, 108
Financial crisis (1932-33), 115, 146-47, 161-62, 165-66
Flynn, Edward J., 500; 1928 gubernatorial campaign, 101, 104; as N. Y. Secretary of State, 106; 1932 campaign, 123, 129, 135; Supreme Court fight, 303; 1938 purges, 364; on American Labor party, 378; 1940 campaign, 412, 436, 445, 448; on F.D.R.’s methods, 472
Finland, 408, 415
Fireside chats, 118, 167-68, 176, 195, 203, 205, 300, 346, 362, 460, 464
Fish, Hamilton (father), 33
Fish, Hamilton (son), 33, 448-49
Fitzgerald, David E., 285
Fiume, 69
Foch, Ferdinand, 68
Foreign policy, 176ff., 190, 258-60, 262, 318; F.D.R. as policy maker, 352-57, 383; see also Neutrality; League of Nations; Isolationists; World Court
Forest Service, 327; see also Ickes, Harold L.
“Forgotten Man,” 133
Forster, E. M., 477
France: World War I, 60-63; internal political difficulties, 248; naval disarmament discussions, 250; appeasement policies and war fears, 227, 256, 259-63, 356, 423, 384-87, 393, 443; Rhineland crisis, 260; Spanish civil war policies, 261, 356, 423; U.S. arms aid, 389; World War II, 395ff., 415-22, 436, 437, 462-64; occupation plans, 470
Franco, Francisco, 261, 355-56, 390
Frankfurter, Felix, 53, 117, 141, 204, 222, 368, 424
Frazier-Lemke Farm Mortgage Act, 231
Gallup, George, 445
Gallup Poll, 398, 445, 448, 458
Gannett, Frank, 298
Gardner, Augustus P., 78
Gardner, Mrs. Jack, 16
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 8
Garner, John N.: 1932 campaign, 131, 133, 136-38, 154, 341; Vice President, 166, 174, 186, 195, 208, 310, 323, 341, 362, 367, 369, 379, 418; 1936 election, 275; Supreme Court fight, 294, 297, 305-9 passim, 316; on embargo repeal, 392-93; third-term opposition, 413-14; presidential ambitions (1940), 425, 427-28, 432; quoted, 202
Geneva Conference, 249
General Electric Co., 84
General Motors Corp., 99, 217
General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, The (Keynes), 330
George, Walter, 362-63, 364
Gerard, James, 58-60, 101
Gerard, Sumner, 40
German-American voters, 70, 445, 453, 455
Germany: F.D.R. as a student in childhood, 10; World War I, 60-66, 254; quits League of Nations, 179, 250; rearms, 249-50; barter agreement with U.S., 252; war threats, 259; Rhineland crisis, 260; Ethiopian crisis, 263; aggressions, 352ff., 393; Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis, 352, 441; intervention in Spain, 355-56; Austrian Anschluss, 382; Czechoslovakia, 382-87, 443; pogroms, 388; Hungary, 390; World War II, 395ff., 411, 415-22, 453-60 passim, 462-64, 469-71; nuclear fission development, 397; declares war on U.S., 462; occupation and reparations plans, 470; see also Hitler; Nazis
Gerth, Hans, 483n, 487
Girdler, Tom, 307
Gladstone, William, quoted, 472
Glass, Carter, 148, 166, 341, 348, 370, 378, 431; 1932 convention, 135; Supreme Court fight, 301; 1940 convention, 428
Glynn, Martin H., 56, 59
Godwin, Earl, 409
Goering, Hermann, 248, 391, 395
Gold Clause Act, 226
Gold controls and revaluation, 166, 189, 195-96, 225, 322
Gold Reserve Act (1933), 189
Gompers, Samuel, 155
Good Neighbor League (1936), 270, 275, 315, 436
Good Neighbor policy, 164, 252-53; see also Reciprocal trade program; Latin America
Government reorganization. See Reorganization plan
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., 217
Grady, Tom, 36
Grange, 45, 194, 303
Grayson, Cary T., 227
Great Britain: World War I, 60-63 (see also World War I); war debts, 145-46; foreign policy problems, 189, 248, 250, 263; naval disarmament discussions, 250; Ethiopian crisis, 256-58; appeasement policies, 227, 256, 260, 352-54; Spanish civil war policies, 356, 423; Czechoslovakia crisis, 384-87, 443; U.S. arms aid, 389, 437-41, 457-58, 460 (see also Neutrality); Poland crisis, 390, 393-94; royal visit to U.S., 393; World War II, 395ff., 415-22, 437-41, 443, 460, 462-64; F.D.R. plans for postwar visit, 471; see also Churchill
Greece, 443, 447-48; ancient, 15-16
Greek-American voters, 108
Greeley, Horace, 108
Green, Theodore F., 316
Green, William, 121, 154, 184, 276; on Perkins appointment, 150; CIO split, 217; on Supreme Court plan, 301; on labor bills, 311, 343; see also American Federation of Labor
Greer incident, 460
Grew, Joseph C., 261, 496
Groton School, 10-25, 29, 66, 77, 80, 163, 181, 451, 473, 475, 496; see also Peabody, Endicott
Grundy, Joseph, 199
Guadalcanal, 464
Guam, 398, 462, 468
Guaranty Trust Co., 307
Guffey, Joseph F., 199, 202
Guffey-Vinson bituminous coal bill, 310
Guggenheim, Daniel, 63
Gunther, John, quoted, 87, 238, 265
Hackworth, Green, 440
Hague, Frank, 366, 379, 424, 477
Haile Selassie, 227, 256, 258-59
Haines, Charles Grove, 301
Haiti, 76, 253
Hall family, 27
Hall, Anna R. (mother of Eleanor Roosevelt), 27
Hamilton, Alexander, 20, 156, 231
Hanna, Mark, quoted, 24
“Happy Warrior,” 93-94; see also Smith, Alfred E.
Harding, Warren G., 73-76, 151, 230, 321
Harriman, Averell, 12, 108, 326
Harrison, George, 270
Harrison, Pat, 219, 309, 311, 341, 348, 361
Harvard Crimson, 17, 18, 20, 21
Harvard University, 8, 16-23, 25, 28-29, 77, 86, 153, 191, 245, 265, 278, 473, 475, 496-97; F.D.R.’s tercentenary address, 265, 278
Harvey, George, F.D.R. on, 53
Hatch Act, 418
Havana Conference, 436
Hawaii, 15, 420
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 154
Hearst, William Randolph, 58, 92, 104, 184, 241. 251, 452; and F.D.R. 1932 nomination, 130, 133, 137, 138; and F.D.R. 1936 nomination, 279
Hemingway, Ernest, 152
Henderson, Leon, 325
Henlein, Konrad, 384
Hennessy, John A., 58-59
Heredity, as a factor in political leadership, 482-85; see also Chapter I
Herring, E. Pendleton, quoted, 191
Herriot, Edouard, 177
High, Stanley, 213, 266, 270, 315; 1936 campaign, 273, 275; quoted on F.D.R.’s persuasiveness, 348
Hillman, Sidney, 216, 217, 351
Hindenburg, Paul von, 146
Hiroshito, Emperor, 461
Hiroshima, 397
Hitler, Adolf, 6, 22, 66, 146, 243; crushes opposition, 176; quits League of Nations, 179; on F.D.R., 184; aggressions, 256, 260, 353-56, 382-94 passim; Stalin pact, 394, 416-17; World War II, 397, 400, 416-18, 421, 437-77 passim; see also Germany; Nazis
Hoare, Sir Samuel, 256-58
Hoare-Laval agreement, 259-60
Hofstadter, Richard, quoted, 235
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 53, 232, 368; quoted, 156-57, 230, 477
Home mortgage relief, 170, 267
Home Owners’ Loan Corp., 267
Hoover, Herbert, 6, 21, 421; 1928 election, 100, 104, 242; power policy, 115; depression policies, 121, 124-25, 169, 184, 195, 320, 327, 333; on foreign causes of depression, 195; economy and reorganization programs, 179, 344; foreign policy, 247, 249; 1932 campaign, 140, 142-45; relations with F.D.R. as President-elect, 145-48, 162
-64; 1940 campaign, 448; on F.D.R. as “chameleon,” 474
“Hoovervilles,” 123
Hopkins, Harry, 309, 313, 323, 325, 327, 328, 351; N. Y. relief activities, 125; Federal Relief Administrator, 172, 177, 196, 221, 227; foreign affairs adviser, 257, 263, 383; relations with Congress, 344, 349; 1938 “purge,” 359, 364; Secretary of Commerce, 368, 369; friction with Ickes, 371, 372; build-up for Presidency, 411; third-term advocate, 422; and American Youth Congress, 423; role in 1940 convention, 426, 428, 431; 1940 campaign, 432, 436, 448; in World War II, 461, 463, 465; papers, 491; quoted on F.D.R. and public opinion, 458
Hornbeck, Stanley K., 177
House, Edward, 139, 154, 204; F.D.R. letters to, 171, 189, 261; on Huey Long, 213, 214
House of Representatives. See Congress
House Un-American Activities Committee, 369
Housing, F.D.R. on, 245, 299
Howard, Roy, 204, 226, 507. See also Scripps-Howard newspapers
Howe, Louis McHenry, 44-49 passim, 58; political assistant to F.D.R., 55, 59, 92ff.; 1920 campaign, 74; on business attitude of 1920’s, 83; polio period, 87, 90, 91; 1918 campaign, 92; 1924 campaign, 93; 1925 role, 96-97; 1928 campaign, 99, 100, 101-2, 106, 107; 1929 role, 114, 118, 124, 128; starts presidential boom, 123, 126, 130; personality, and methods, 126; on Curley, 132; 1932 nominating campaign, 134, 135-36; 1932 election campaign, 139; 1933 role, 150; death, 152, 265; quoted on F.D.R. as hero, 203; on Huey Long, 213
Howell, Clark, 129
Hudson River Ice Yacht Club, 29
Hughes, Charles Evans, 33, 46, 62, 108, 154, 163, 229-33 passim, 291-93 passim; F.D.R. Supreme Court plan, 293, 294-95, 301-5, 314
Hull, Cordell, 95, 96, 130; Secretary of State, 148, 166, 177-78, 189, 216; disarmament, 249, 250; World Court, 251; trade agreements and tariff policies, 252, 253, 322, 418; Good Neighbor policy, 252-53, 388, 436; neutrality and embargo debates (Ethiopia and Spain), 255-60, 263, 356-57; Supreme Court fight, 303; Far East dangers, 261, 460; on “quarantine” policy, 263, 318; Hitler aggressions and Munich, 353-55, 385, 387-8, 392, 394, 415; Russo-Finnish war, 415; F.D.R. working relationship, 372, 383; World War II, 394, 398-99, 465; third-term issue and own presidential ambitions, 412-14, 424-25, 428
“Hundred Days,” 168-81; “Second Hundred Days,” 223-26
Hungary, 384, 390, 433, 445, 469
Hurja, Emil, 213
Hyde Park, 3-13 passim, 18, 22, 29-30, 33-34, 67, 76-78, 90, 98, 107, 152, 161, 200, 237, 238, 265, 269, 276, 334, 365, 382, 393, 409, 425, 429, 451-54 passim, 468-78 passim
Iceland, 460
Ickes, Harold L., 199, 310, 316, 323, 325, 418; Secretary of Interior, 149, 177, 181, 188, 208, 211, 227; PWA, 192, 196, 222; at Cabinet meetings, 174; as F.D.R. adviser, 173, 222, 263, 383; 1936 campaign, 269, 275, 282, 287; Supreme Court fight, 233, 294, 297, 307, 309, 313; on international affairs, 257, 263, 356, 383, 385, 387-88, 438, 458; Black appointment, 312, 315; and 1937 recession, 320, 326; Forest Service conflict, 327, 348, 372, 374; friction, 327, 372, 374, 472; wages-and-hours issue, 344; National Progressives, 359; 1938 purge, 359; and Martin Dies, 369; third-term issue, 422; and Willkie, 424; 1940 convention, 426-28; 1940 campaign, 436, 445-46; vice-presidential ambition, 432; quoted, 234, 242, 251, 275; quoted on F.D.R. personality and methods, 203, 233, 374, 472
India, 462
Indochina, 443
Inflation, 463, 465-68
Ingalls, Laura, 399
Insull, Samuel, 436
Inter-American Congress, Lima, 388
International Brigade (Spain), 355
International Labor Organization, 251
International Ladies Garment Workers Union, 216
Interstate Commerce Act, 1933 amendments, 170
Interstate Commerce Commission, 170
Irish-American voters, 30, 37, 69, 74, 75, 102, 108, 355, 364, 445, 453
Isolationists, 249-64, 388-400 passim, 417, 422, 438-39, 441, 455, 458; see also League of Nations; Neutrality; World Court
Italo-American voters, 69, 74, 108, 445, 453, 455
Italy, 8, 146, 352-53, 419-21, 441; World War I, 65; Ethiopian invasion, 227, 255-58, 262, 354, 356, 385; Spanish civil war, 261, 355-56; Czechoslovakia crisis, 384, 386; Albanian invasion, 390; Greek invasion, 443, 447-48; World War II, 462, 464, 469; see also Mussolini; World War II
Jackson, Andrew, 154, 184, 242, 278, 324, 368; as leader, 197, 376; F.D.R. on, 208
Jackson, Robert H., 266, 325, 326, 412, 422, 427; Supreme Court fight, 301, 306; quoted on Supreme Court fight, 233
Jackson-Jefferson Day observances, 184, 269, 324, 417
Japan, 60, 189, 248, 250, 420, 441; aggressions, 146, 176, 261, 319, 323, 352-53, 388, 390, 436, 443; World War II, 460-61, 468-71
“Japan-firsters,” 462
Japanese-Americans, World War II concentration camps, 463
Jefferson, Thomas, 154, 156, 197, 274, 324, 376; second-term difficulties, 347
Jefferson Day observances. See Jackson-Jefferson Day observances
Jeffersonian Democrats (1936), 271
Jehol, 261
Jewish voters, 101, 104, 108, 150, 285, 453, 455
Johnson, Hiram, 75, 149, 166, 222, 249, 251, 260, 263, 269, 297, 392
Johnson, Hugh S., 191-93, 214, 263, 316-17, 371, 372; quoted, 346
Johnson, Louis, 428-29
Johnson, Lyndon, 361
Johnston, Olin D., 363, 365
Jones, Jesse, 97, 172, 344, 428, 436, 465
Judicial reforms, 104; see also Supreme Court
Judicial review, 169, 221-24, 229-34, 498; see also Checks and balances; Supreme Court
Jungle, The (Sinclair), 200
Jusserand, Jean Jules, 53
Jutland, 62
Kahn, Herman, 483n
Keller, Kent, letter quoted, 349
Kellogg Pact, 257, 385
Kelly, Edward J., 309, 379, 412, 421, 426, 428
Kelly-Nash machine, 300; see also Kelly, Edward J. (above)
Kennedy, Joseph P., 130, 240, 394, 397-99
Kent, Fred, 245
Kerensky, A. F., 209
Keynes, John Maynard, 330-33, 335-36; quoted, 178, 332-33
Keynesian economics, 325, 330, 336; see also Keynes, John Maynard (above); Deficit spending
Kierkegaard, Soren, 237, 477
King, William Lyon Mackenzie, 263, 435
Kingsley, Charles, 15
Kirby, Rollin, 140
“Kitchen cabinet,” 266
KKK. See Ku Klux Klan
Kluckhohn, Clyde, 479n; quoted, 480, 484
Knight, John, 114-15
Knox, Frank, 276, 396, 424, 436, 438, 461
Knudsen, William S., 206, 435
Konoye, Prince, 460
Kremlin struggle, 248; see also Soviet Union; Stalin
Ku Klux Klan, 93, 102, 434; Black membership, 312-13, 315
Kurile Islands, 469
Labor and labor unions; F.D.R, early views, 41-43; early relations, 52, 58-59, 63; F.D.R. program, 75, 105, 116, 117, 121, 124, 143, 171, 180, 208, 215-21, 233, 234, 342-44, 462 (see also New Deal; Recovery program); growth of unionism, 350-51; see also AFL; CIO; Collective bargaining; Wagner Labor Relations Act
Labor parties. See American Labor party; Farmer-Labor party
Labor’s Nonpartisan League, 276
La Follette, Philip F., 201, 278, 358-60, 366
La Follette, Robert M. (Sr.), 89, 154, 156, 181, 301, 358
La Follette, Robert M., Jr., 201, 202, 214, 222, 254, 303, 358-59, 392
“La Follette party.” See Progressive party (Wisc.)
La Guardia, Fiorello, 364, 377, 436
Lamont, 122
Land, Emory S., quoted on F.D.R. working methods (World War I), 63
Landon, Alf M., 270-87 passim, 298, 391, 396, 424, 454
Lane, Franklin K., 53
Laski, Harold, 204
Latin America, 75-76, 146, 248, 252-53, 288, 390; see also under place names; Good Neighbor policy
Laval, Pierre, 256, 258
Lawrence, David L., 349
Lawrence, William, 10
Lazarus, Rabbi, 270
League to Enforce Peace, 70
Leadership, F.D.R. on need for, 262-63
Leadership, political. See Political leadership
League of Nations; struggle for U.S. membership, 68-72, 74-75, 80, 134, 247, 384 (see also Isolationists; Neutrality); changes in F.D.R. policy, 70, 89, 126, 179, 250-51, 263, 277; censure of Japan, 146; Hitler withdrawal, 179; sanctions, 255-61 passim; on Spain, 355
Leahy, William D., 465
Left and right pressures, 219-22, 511
Left opposition, 209-15, 224, 417-18
Legislative power. See Checks and balances; Congress; Judicial review
Le Hand, Marguerite, 152, 382, 429-30, 468
Lehman, Herbert H., 101, 104, 108, 303; 1930 N. Y. election, 110; 1932 election, 130; 1936 election, 275, 285; 1938 N. Y. election, 365; 1940 election, 412
Lemke, William, 281. See also Union party
Lend-Lease, 457-58; original idea (World War I), 63. See also Destroyer deal
Lenin, Nikolai, 121, 209, 470
Lerner, Max, 352
Lewis, David J., 305, 363
Lewis, J. Hamilton, 131, 134
Lewis, John L., 6, 216-18, 307, 378, 414, 477; 1936 support of F.D.R., 276, 286-87; break with F.D.R., 350-57, 361; isolationism, 399; and Willkie, 449-50, 452, 454; F.D.R. quoted on, 252
Liberty League, 206, 208, 226, 229, 234, 240-43, 246, 298, 304
Liberty Magazine, 459
Lincoln (Sandburg), 423
Lincoln, Abraham, 245, 324, 423, 478; quoted, 246, 464
Lindbergh, Charles A., 83
Lindley, Ernest K., 316, 319; quoted on Roosevelt family life, 107
Lippmann, Walter, quoted, 94, 114, 151
Literary Digest, 1936 poll, 281
“Little cabinet,” 465
Lloyd George, David, 22, 65, 68, 69, 296
Locarno Treaty, 260
Lodge, Henry Cabot (Sr.), 61, 69, 78
London bombings, 438, 440
London Economic Conference, 177-78, 247
Lonergan, Augustine, 364
Long, Breckinridge, 256, 363
Long, Huey P., 210-14, 221, 224, 239, 477; 1932 support of F.D.R., 130, 135; Wheeler on, 341-42; and Lewis, 350; attacks on F.D.R., 375; death, 271; successors, 271; F.D.R. quoted on, 352; see also Union party
Long Saulte Rapids, 112
Looking Forward (F.D.R.), 203
Louisville Courier-Journal, 176
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 20
Loyalists (Spanish civil war), 355-56, 390
Lubell, Samuel, 454
Lubin, Isador, 266, 325
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