The Doubter's Companion
Page 32
E
1 EDUCATION, PUBLIC—Newsweek, 20 September 1993, 44. The study was carried out by the U.S. Department of Education.
2 ELECTORS OF BRISTOL—O’Brien, The Great Melody, 75.
3 ETHICS—John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971).
F
1 FACTS—Denis Diderot, L’Encyclopédie, vol. 2, 97. “Fait” “…On peut distribuer les faits en trois classes, les actes de la divinité, les phénomènes de la nature, et les actions des hommes. Les premiers appartiennent à la théologie, les seconds à la philosophie, et les autres à l’histoire proprement dite. Tous sont également sujets à la critique.”
2 FAITH—From “The Apology” in Plato, The Last Days of Socrates (London: Penguin, 1954), 71.
3 FRIENDSHIP—William Blake, “The Marriage of Heaven and Hell,” in The Writings of William Blake, ed. Geoffrey Keynes (London: The Nonesuch Press, n.d.), Plates 17-20, 157.
G
1 GANG OF FIVE—Voltaire, Dictionnaire, under “Cartésianisme,” vol. 3, 82.
H
1 HELL—Voltaire, Dictionnaire, vol. 4, 308. “Enfer.” “Dès que les hommes vécurent en société, ils durent s’apercevoir que plusieurs coupables échappaient à la sévérité des lois; ils punissaient les crimes publics; il fallut établir un frein pour les crimes secrets; la religion seule pouvait être ce frein.”
2 HELL—Diderot, L’Encyclopédie, vol. 2, 125, under Fortune (Morale).
3 HUMANISM—René-Daniel Dubois, 9 October 1991, Présentation du Mémoire conjoint de l’AQAD et du C.A.D., “Nous ne voulons pas d’un monde dans lequel le sentiment d’être un humain est une maladie.”
I
1 IMAGE—The Toronto Star, 26 March 1994, A15.
2 INAUGURATION GALA—Kitty Kelley, His Way—The Unauthorized Biography of Frank Sinatra (New York: Bantam Books, 1986), 285.
3 INFERIORITY COMPLEX—Alfred Adler broke away from Sigmund Freud in 1911 and is known as the father of the inferiority complex. His key writings on the subject are:
1909: Study of Organ Inferiority and Its Physical Compensation.
1908: Aggression Drive.
1910: Inferiority Feeling and Masculine Protest.
1912: The Neurotic Constitution.
1918: Social Interest.
4 INSTRUMENTAL REASON—Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. A.M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons (Illinois: The Free Press), 115.
5 IRRADIATION—Compiled by Barbara Dinham, The Pesticide Hazard: A Global Health and Environmental Audit (London: 2 ed Books for The Pesticide Trust, 1993).
6 IRRADIATION—Ibid.
J
1 JOBS—The Guardian Weekly, 28 February 1993, 4.
2 JOBS—The Globe and Mail, 23 February 1994, B7.
L
1 LUDDITES—Quoted by David Suzuki, The Toronto Star, 17 July 1993, D8.
2 LUDDITES—Oscar Douglas Skelton, Life and Letters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, vol. 1 (Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1921), 321.
M
1 MEMORY—Johnson, Dictionary, 116. “Memory: the power of retaining or recollecting things past; that faculty by which we call to mind any past transaction.”
2 MEMORY—The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, vol. II (London: Book Club Associates, 1983), 1306. “Memory: 1. The faculty by which things are remembered.... 3. Recollection, remembrance.... An act or instance of remembrance; a recollection....”
3 MUSSOLINI—Denis Mack Smith, Mussolini (London: Paladin, 1983), 144.
4 MUSSOLINI—Le Quotidien de Paris, 7 June 1993, 15. A study of the football strategy has been done by the historian Paul Dietschy.
5 MUSSOLINI—The Economist, 2 April 1994, 5 and The Economist, 9 April 1994, 13.
N
1 NEO-CONSERVATIVE—Smith, Mussolini, 134.
2 NIETZSCHE—Ibid, 15.
3 NIHILISM—E.M. Cioran, quoted in an interview by Branka Bogavac Le Comte in Les Lettres Français, no. 33, June 1993, 18. “Si vous essayez d’être libre, vous mourez de faim, et on ne vous tolère que si vous êtes successivement servie et despotique!”
O
1 ORAL LANGUAGE—Harold A. Innis, The Bias of Communication (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1951).
2 ORAL LANGUAGE—Dante, quoted in Innis. Ibid, 22.
3 ORGASM—The New Yorker, 29 November 1993, 8.
4 ORGASM—Johnson, Dictionary.
P
1 PLATO—For a remarkable portrait of the atmosphere in Athens, see Donald Kagan, Pericles of Athens and the Birth of Democracy (London: Secker and Warburg, 1990).
2 POWER, PUBLIC—Diderot, L’Encyclopédie, vol. 2, 275. “Pouvoir” (Droit nat. et politiq.). “Le but de tout gouvernement, est le bien de la société gouvernée. Pour prévenir l’anarchie, pour faire exécuter les lois, pour protéger les peuples, pour soutenir les faibles contre les entreprises des plus forts, il a fallu que chaque société établît des souverains qui fussent revêtus d’un pouvoir suffisant pour remplir tous ces objets.”
3 PROGRESS—Prof. Andrew Watson (Toronto), 26 June 1993. See also The Islamic City, ed. A.H. Hourani and S.M. Stern (Oxford: Bruno Cassirer, 1970), Chapter on Housing and Sanitation, 174–194.
4 PUBLIC RELATIONS—Smith, Mussolini, 144.
R
1 ROTTEN BOROUGH—The New York Times, 25 January 1993, A13.
S
1 SAT—The New York Times, 28 February 1994, A12, “New SAT sets students cramming.”
2 SCHOLASTICISM—Diderot, L’Encyclopédie, vol. 2, 15, “Ecole (philosophie de 1’),” “…scholastique, qui a substitué les mots aux choses, et les questions frivoles ou ridicules, aux grands objets de la véritable philosophie; qui explique par des termes barbares des choses inintelligibles … Cette philosophie est née de l’esprit et de l’ignorance …on raisonna sur les abstractions, au lieu de raisonner sur les êtres réels: on créa pour ce nouveau genre d’étude une langue nouvelle, et on se crut savant, parce qu’on avait appris cette langue. On ne peut trop regretter que la plupart des auteurs scholastiques aient faits un usage si misérable de la sagacité et de la subtilité extrême qu’on remarque dans leurs écrits.”
3 SCHOLASTICISM—Frederick Copleston, A History of Philosophy, Vol. II: Medieval Philosophy (New York: Image Book, Doubleday, 1993), 312.
4 SCHOLASTICISM—Innis, The Bias of Communication, 80.
5 SCHOPENHAUER—Leni Riefenstahl, The Sieve of Time: The Memoirs of Leni Riefenstahl (London: Quartet Books, 1992), 178.
6 SCHOPENHAUER—Copleston, A History of Philosophy, Book 3, vol. VII, 263, 277.
7 SEX—John Ralston Saul, Voltaire’s Bastards: The Dictatorship of Reason (New York: The Free Press, 1992), 488.
T
1 TALENT—Milano Citta, Spring 1993.
2 TASTE—The Spectator, 20 February 1993, 39.
3 TECHNOCRAT—John Ruskin, The Stones of Venice, 1851, Everyman’s Library, ed. Ernest Rhys (London: J.M. Dent & Co., n.d.).
4 TECHNOLOGY—Johnson, Dictionary.
5 TECHNOLOGY—Charles de Gaulle quoted in Charles de Gaulle, jour après jour, Olivier Germain-Thomas et Philippe Barthelet (Paris: Nathan Press, 1990) 53, “...les sociétés préservent la liberté, la sécurité et la dignité de l’homme. On ne voit pas d’autre moyen d’assurer en definitive le triomphe de l’esprit sur la matière.”
6 THINK TANK—Edited by Alan J. Day, Think Tanks: an International Directory (Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1993).
7 TRIUMPH OF THE WILL—Robert Dassanowsky-Harris, “Wherever you may run, you cannot escape him: Leni Riefenstahl’s Inner Migration, Self-Reflection and Romantic Transcendence,” from Nazism in Tiefland, 1994, unpublished paper.
8 TRIUMPH OF THE WILL—Analysis by Elizabeth Kolbert of “The Living Room Candidate: A History of Presidential Campaigns on Television, 1952–1992,” The New York Times, 17 July 1992, 81; an exhibition at the American Museum of the Moving Image, New York.
9 TRIUMPH OF THE WILL—Anton Kaes, From H
itler to Heimat (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989), 5.
10 TRUTH—Engraved over the fireplace in the living room of the house Frank Lloyd Wright built for himself in Oak Park, Illinois.
V
1 VISION—Euripides, The Bacchae and Other Plays, translated by Philip Vellacott (London: Penguin Classics, 1954).
2 VISION—Shiva Naipaul, North of South (London: Penguin Books, 1980), 119.
3 VOLTAIRE—Voltaire, Dictionnaire, vol. 6, 350, “Lettres, Gens de Lettres, ou Lettrés.” “Les gens de lettres qui ont rendu le plus de services …ont presque tous été persécutés.”
W
1 WESTERN CIVILIZATION—Twelve-ton statue of George Washington by Horatio Greenough, 1840. Placed in the Capitol. Inspired by Phidias’s Zeus.
2 WISDOM—Voltaire, Dictionnaire, vol. 8, 128, “Sens Commun.”
Z
1 ZEALOT—Johnson, Dictionary.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Many of the people who made Voltaire’s Bastards possible—even if I don’t name them again—have offered advice and information, answered desperate phone calls at strange hours and been good enough to disagree in long discussions.
Adam Bellow and Cynthia Good have again given great help as editors and applied their imaginations and persistence. Indeed, the enthusiasm of everyone at Penguin Books and The Free Press has been very important to me.
Laura Roebuck and Donya Peroff have been a constant support. Advice, information, criticism and dozens of other forms of help have come from Alain Chanlat, Anoukh Foerg, Pier Daniele Napolitani, Hans Wuttke and Jagoda Buic, Scott Sellers, de Montigny Marchand, Noël and Dominique Goutard, Christine Klose, Elisabetta Sgarbi, Rolf Puls, Gilbert Reid, Margaret Atwood, Niels de Groot, Jean-François Garneau, Mary Adachi, Charles Rubinsztein, Matthieu Debost, Francesca Vallenti and my good friend, Father Joe Maier.
WORD LIST
A
A
A Big Mac
À La Recherche du Temps Perdu
Aaron
Abasement
Abelard, Peter
Absolute
Academic Consultants
Académie Française
Acapulco
Acceptance Speech
Ad Hominem
Advertising
Agriculture
Air-conditioning
Allies
Amorality
Anglo-Saxons
Animism
Anorexia
Answers
Anti-Intellectualism
Ants
Apple
Applied Civilization
Applied Corporatism
Armaments
Armpits
Aspen Institute
Autobiography
Award Show
B
Babel, Tower of
Baby Seal
Bacon, Francis
Bad News
Bad People
Balance
Ballroom
Banality
Bankers
Barons: Robber, Press, etc.
Bees
Biographical Films
Biography
Birth Control Pill
Blood (1)
Blood (2)
Blue Jeans
Boring
Bretton Woods
Briefing Books
Buddhism (Tibetan)
Burke, Edmund
Business Conferences
Business Schools
C
Calm
Canada
Cannibalism
Capitalism
Carlyle, Thomas
Chicago School of Economics
Children
Citizen
Civilization
Class
Clausewitz, Carl von
CNN
Collectors
Comedy
Competition
Comte, Auguste
Confessionals
Conrad, Joseph
Consultants
Consumption
Control, Being in
Convenience
Corporation
Corporatism
Cosmetic Surgery
Courtiers
Criticism, Political
Critics
Critics, Bad
Croissant
Cure
Cynicism
D
Dandruff
Davos (The Annual Conference of the World Economic Forum)
Death
Debt, Unsustainable Levels of
Deconstructionism
Democracy
Denial
Depression
Deregulation
Descartes, René
Deselect
Dessert
Destiny
Dialects
Dictatorship of Vocabulary
Dictionary
Direct Democracy
Divorce
Doubt
Dual Use
E
Econometrics
Economics
Economist, The
Education, Public
Efficiency
Electors of Bristol, Address to the
Élite
Élite Education
England
Error
Ethics
Executive
Existentialism
F
Factories
Facts
Faith
False Hero
Fashion
Fast Food, Philosophy of
Fear
First Class
Florida
Foreigner
Free
Free Speech
Free Trade
Freedom
Freud, Sigmund
Friendship
G
Gambling, State-Run
Gang of Five, The
GATT
Global Economy
God
Growth
H
Happiness
Happy Birthday
Happy Family
Happy Hour
Hard Work
Harvard School of Business
Hell
Heroes
History
Hobbes, Thomas
Holy Trinity—Christian
Holy Trinity—Post-Christian
Holy Trinity—Late Twentieth Century
Humanism
I
Ideology
Image
Inauguration Gala
Individualism
Indolence
Inefficiency
Inferiority Complex
Instrumental Reason
Intelligence
IRA
Irony
Irradiation
J
Jobs
Jogging
Judge
Jury
K
Kant, Immanuel
Kiss
L
Lagos
Leadership
Left versus Right
Level Playing Field
Los Angeles
Love
Loyola, St. Ignatius
Luddites
Ludendorff, Erich
M
McDonald, Ronald
Machiavelli, Niccolo
Mainstream
Manager
Manners
Market-place
Marxist
Melon, The
Memory
Monarchs, In Particular, Royal Alliances
Money Markets, International
Money, the Volatilization of
Moral Crusade
Moro, Aldo
Museums
Mussolini, Benito
Muzak
Myrmecophaga Jubata
Mythology
N
NAFTA
Nannyism
Nationalism
Nationalization
N
atural Death
Negative Wealth
Neo-conservative
New World Order
Nietzsche, Friedrich
Nihilism
O
Oil
Olympic Ideal
One
Optimism
Oral Language
Orgasm
P
Panic
Participation
Peace Dividend
Pectoral Muscles
Penis
Pessimism
Philosophy
Plato
Platoon
Politeness
Power, Public
Praetorian Guard
Private Lives
Privatization
Progress
Propaganda
Property
Property Development
Propriety
Public Relations
Public Trust
Punctuality
R
Rationalize
Reality
Reason
Recession
Referendum or Plebiscite
Regulation
Responsibility
Richelieu, Cardinal
Right
Right Versus Wrong
Rotten Borough
Round Table
S
SAT
Scholasticism
Schopenhauer, Arthur
Second-Generation Fertilizers, Herbicides and Insecticides
Serious
Seventy-Three
Sex
Socrates
Socratic Inheritance, The
Solutions
Sophists
Special Relationships
Speech-Writers
Standards of Production
Strawberry, The
Subjunctive
Super Bowl
Superiority
T
Talent
Taste
Taxation
Taylor, Frederick
Taylorism
Technocrat
Technology
Tennis
Tenure
The
Think Tank
Third World
Tough
Trade
Trading with the Enemy Act
Transnational Corporations
Trickle-down Economics
Triumph of the Will
Truth
U
Unconscious
Unemployment
United States
University
Urban Rich
Urbane Weather Patterns
V
Venereal
Venice
Vico, Giambattista
Virginity
Vision
Voltaire
W
War
War on Drugs
Weather Forecasters