Means of Ascent

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Means of Ascent Page 84

by Robert A. Caro


  popularity of, itr.1, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 12.1; eroded by LBJ’s attacks, 11.2, 12.2

  public career of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 11.1; County D.A., 8.4; County Judge, 8.5; fiscal conservatism, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 17.1; Governor of Texas, itr.1, 7.1, 8.10, 8.11, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 17.2; Lieutenant Governor, 8.12, 8.13; and New Deal, 8.14; his repeated reluctance, 8.15, 8.16, 8.17, 8.18, 8.19, 8.20; shortcomings, 8.21; State legislator and Speaker, 8.22; style of governance, 8.23

  as rancher, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4

  Salas on

  self-education of, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8; in engineering

  and architecture, 8.1, 8.2, 17.1; as handicap while Governor, 8.3; his reading, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 17.2

  speeches of, 8.1, 8.2; in 1948 campaign, 207–8, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2

  years after 1948

  Stevenson, Coke, Jr., 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 17.1

  Stevenson, Fay Wright, 8.1, 8.2 passim, 8.3, 8.4, 11.1

  Stevenson, Jane, 17.1, 18.1

  Stevenson, Marguerite King (“Teeney”)

  Stevenson, Scottie

  Stimpson, George W.

  strikes, postwar, 7.1, 11.1

  Stuart, Robert A., 6.1, 6.2

  Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), itr.1

  stump speeches, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  role in old-style campaigns

  by surrogates

  Swenson, Bill

  Symington, Stuart, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 11.1

  Taft-Hartley (Labor Management Relations) Act (1947)

  as issue in 1948 campaign, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2 and n., 12.3, 12.4, 12.5; Stevenson’s statements on, 11.3, 12.6, 12.7

  Tarleton, Dudley, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4

  Tarrant County, Tex., 1948 State Democratic Convention delegation of, 14.1, 14.2

  taxation, in Texas, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Taylor, Baxter, Jr.

  Taylor, Jay

  Taylor, Minnie Patillo (Lady Bird’s mother)

  Taylor, Thomas Jefferson (Lady Bird’s father), 4.1, 4.2, 6.1

  teacher salaries, 1948 campaign debate on, 11.1, 11.2

  technological politics, itr.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 17.1

  telephone campaigns, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 16.1

  telephone wiretapping, suspected in

  1948 campaign

  television:

  role in political campaigns

  and Vietnam War

  television stations and interests of LBJ, itr.1, 6.1

  Texas (and Texans):

  anti-union sentiment, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

  Carpetbagger rule in, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  conservatism of, itr.1, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1; see also subentry below: politics: conservatives

  constitution of

  distrust of government, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3; of federal government, 8.4

  education spending

  federal money in, Stevenson’s concern, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Fourteenth Congressional District

  Hill Country, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 6.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 8.5; aridity, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8; Edwards Plateau, 8.9, 8.10; LBJ’s efforts for improvements, itr.1, 7.1; taxation, 8.11

  individualism of, itr.1, 8.1

  old-age pension reform, 8.1, 17.1

  as one-party state, itr.1, 8.1; and Democratic primaries, itr.2, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

  personified in Coke Stevenson, itr.1, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1, 17.1

  politics, itr.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 8.2, 11.1, 15.1, 16.1; bossism, 9.1, 13.1, 14.1; conservatives, itr.2, 7.3, 8.3, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 14.2; corruption in, 8.4, 9.2, 14.3; liberals, 8.5, 8.6, 14.4; lobbyists, 8.7, 8.8, 8.9, 8.10, 8.11; Loyalists vs. States Righters, 14.5, 14.6, 15.2; opinion polling in, 9.3; reactionaries, 12.4; in “Valley” country, 9.4, 11.3, 13.2, 14.7, 14.8, 16.2; votes for sale, 1.1, 9.5, 9.6, 9.7, 9.8, 11.4, 12.5, 13.3, 13.4; see also campaign financing; campaigning; campaign spending; ethnic vote; money and politics; primary system; Texas elections

  prison system reform, 8.1, 17.1

  road system: farm-to-market roads, 8.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1; highways, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 12.2

  social programs, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 18.1

  state government waste, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Stevenson’s legislative record: as governor, 8.1, 18.1; as legislator and Speaker, 8.2, 8.3

  taxation, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  10th Congressional District, 1.1, 5.1, 11.1, 11.2, 15.1; electrification, itr.1, 4.1, 5.2, 7.1, 11.3, 11.4; federal projects, 4.2, 4.3, 7.2; LBJ’s constituent work, itr.2, 4.4, 5.3, 7.3, 11.5; loss of some support for LBJ in 1946, 7.4; 1948 campaigning in, 11.6

  see also oil interests, Texas; “Valley” country

  Texas Cowboy Reunion, 11.1

  Texas Election Bureau, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1

  Texas election for U.S. Senator in 1948, itr.1, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 15.1

  candidates, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2

  disputed ballots, itr.1, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 16.1

  vs. earlier elections: comparison of late corrections, 14.1, 14.2; comparison of lopsidedness, 14.3, 14.4

  ethnic (bloc) vote, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1

  federal court challenge by Stevenson,; see also Federal District Court; U.S. Supreme Court

  fraud, in runoff, 13.1, 14.1, 16.1; ballot box stuffing, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 16.2; “ballots” of dead and absent persons, 14.3, 15.4, 16.3, 16.4; evidence, 14.4, 15.5, evidence suppressed, 14.5, 15.6, 16.5, 16.6; national attention on, itr.1, 16.7, 16.8; Salas’ admissions of, 16.9

  issues: alleged sale of pardons, 11.1, 12.1; Communist danger, 10.1, 10.2, 11.2, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4; farm-to-market roads, 11.3, 11.4, 12.5; income taxes, 12.6; inflation, 12.7; isolationism, 11.5, 11.6, 12.8, 12.9; old-age pensions, 11.7, 12.10, 12.11; “Peace, Preparedness and Progress”, 10.3, 10.4, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11; soil and water conservation, 12.12; Taft-Hartley Act and “secret deal” charge, 11.12, 11.13, 12.13, 12.14, 12.15, 12.16; teacher salaries, 11.14, 11.15; war-veteran aid, 11.16

  juxtaposition of New vs. Old styles in, itr.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 3.1E

  LBJ’s campaign, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 17.1; advertisements, 9.1, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 12.4, 12.5; anti-union vs. pro-labor stances, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8, 12.9; attacks on Stevenson’s integrity, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14, 12.10, 12.11, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14; buying of votes, 9.2, 9.3, 11.15, 12.15, 13.1, 13.2; campaign strategy, 9.4, 11.16; cooperation of

  reporters and campaign, 12.1, 12.2; decision to run, 7.1, 8.1; Eastern labor and liberal money, 11.1, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5; federal contractors’ money, 9.1, 12.6, 12.7, 12.8; federal and postal employees’ participation, 12.9, 12.10, 13.1; handshaking, meeting and greeting, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4; health problems during, 10.1, 11.5, 11.6; helicopter travel, 11.7, 11.8, 11.9, 11.10, 11.11, 11.12, 11.13, 12.11; issue tailoring and manipulation, 9.2, 11.14, 11.15, 11.16, 12.12, 12.13, 12.14; loss of first primary, 11.17, 12.15; mailings, 9.3, 11.18, 11.19, 11.20, 12.16, 12.17, 12.18, 12.19, 12.20; newspaper use, 9.4, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, 11.24, 12.21, 12.22, 12.23; no effort spared, 11.25; organization, 9.5, 13.2; “Peace, Preparedness and Progress” theme, 10.2, 10.3, 11.26, 11.27, 11.28, 11.29; private polling, 9.6, 9.7, 10.4, 11.30, 12.24, 13.3; pursuit of women’s vote, 12.25, 12.26; radio use, 9.8, 10.5, 11.31, 11.32, 11.33, 11.34, 11.35, 11.36, 11.37, 11.38, 12.27, 12.28, 12.29, 12.30, 12.31, 12.32; runoff campaign, 12.33, 12.34, 12.35, 13.4; runoff vote, 13.5, 14.1, 16.1; rural vs. urban promises, 11.39; speeches, 10.6, 11.40, 11.41, 11.42, 11.43, 11.44, 12.36, 12.37, 12.38, 12.39, 12.40; speeches tailored to audiences, 11.45; stealing of votes, 13.6, 14.2; stealing of votes proven, 14.3, 16.2; thoughts of withdrawal, 10.7, 10.8, 12.41; use of lies, 11.46, 11.47, 12.42, 12.43; use of “missionaries” and whisper campaign, 12.44, 12.45, 12.46; use of repetition, 11.48, 11.49, 11.50, 12.47, 12.48, 12.49, 12.50; use of ridicule, 11.51, 11.52, 11.53, 11.54; Valley vote, 9.9, 11.55, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 14.4, 16.3, 16.4

  polling, 9.1, 12.1; Belden poll (public), 11
.1, 11.2, 11.3, 13.1 and n.; private, 9.2, 9.3, 10.1, 11.4, 12.2, 13.2; Stevenson’s lack of, 12.3

  poll watchers, 11.1, 13.1

  press coverage of, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5 and n., 11.6, 11.7, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6; of results, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2

  primary results, 11.1, 12.1

  runoff primary results, 13.1; “corrections”, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3; disputed by Stevenson, 14.3, 14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 15.2, 16.4; fraud, see subentry above: fraud, in runoff; predictions for, 11.1; restraining order and injunction against recount, 14.7, 14.8, 14.9, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6, 16.5

  Stevenson’s campaign, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 14.1, 17.1; advertisements, 12.4; AFL endorsement, 11.4, 12.5, 12.6; campaigning on his record, 10.1, 11.5, 11.6, 11.7, 12.7, 12.8; campaign style, 9.1, 10.2, 11.8, 12.9; and Cowboy Reunion, 11.9; decision to run, 7.1, 8.1, 8.2; frontrunner, 9.2, 9.3, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 11.10, 11.11, 12.10, 12.11, 13.1; lack of central coordination, 12.12; lack of polls, 12.13; lack of specific stands or promises, 11.12, 11.13, 11.14; LBJ’s attacks on opponent’s integrity, 11.15, 11.16, 11.17, 11.18, 11.19, 12.14, 12.15, 12.16, 12.17, 12.18; LBJ’s mimicry, 11.20, 11.21; LBJ’s money sources questioned, 12.19, 12.20; LBJ’s record in Congress questioned, 12.21, 12.22; lead of Stevenson eroded, 2.1, 11.22, 11.23, 12.23, 12.24, 13.2; leaves attacks by LBJ unanswered, 11.24, 11.25, 11.26, 12.25, 12.26, 12.27, 12.28, 12.29; loss of support among conservative businessmen, 12.30, 12.31, 12.32, 12.33; money problems, 12.34, 12.35, 12.36, 12.37; newspaper articles and advertising, 12.38; overconfidence, 12.39; radio use, 10.6, 11.27, 12.40; runoff vote, 13.3, 13.4, 14.2; speeches, 10.7, 11.28, 11.29, 12.41, 12.42; and Taft-Hartley issue, 11.30, 11.31, 12.43, 12.44, 12.45, 12.46; Taft-Hartley statement to Abilene Reporter-News, 11.32, 12.47, 12.48, 12.49; Taft-Hartley statement to Kerrville Times, 12.50; victor of first primary, 11.33; Washington trip and press conference, 12.51, 12.52, 12.53

  struggle for Peddy vote in runoff primary, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 13.1

  vote canvass and certification process

  whisper campaigns and rumormongering, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  Texas elections, 9.1, 9.2, 13.1, 17.1

  campaign financing and spending habits, 9.1, 12.1; see also campaign

  financing; campaign spending

  comparisons of late corrections, 14.1, 14.2

  comparisons of lopsidedness, 14.1, 14.2

  fraud in, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1; proven, in 1928, 9.4; proven, in 1948, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2

  frontier campaigning, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1

  Hispanic (ethnic) vote in, 9.1, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1

  lack of secrecy

  1928 congressional

  1937 congressional, 1.1, 3.1, 9.1, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  1938 gubernatorial

  1940 gubernatorial, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2

  1941 senatorial, itr.1, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 8.1, 9.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2; financing of, 1.3, 6.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.2, 12.3, 12.4; late corrections compared to 1948, 14.1, 14.2; LBJ “outstolen by O’Daniel”, 1.4, 1.5, 8.2, 9.4, 13.1, 14.3, 14.4, 16.1; LBJ’s promise to “fight in trenches”, 2.2; lopsidedness compared to 1948, 14.5, 14.6

  1942 gubernatorial, 8.1, 8.2

  1942 senatorial, 2.1, 2.2, 7.1, 8.1

  1944 gubernatorial, itr.1, 8.1

  1948 senatorial, see Texas election for U.S. Senator in 1948

  poll tax, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 16.1; financing by bosses, 9.3, 9.4, 15.1; receipts used fraudulently, 9.5, 14.1; as upper vote limit, 13.1, 13.2, 15.2

  primary system, itr.1, 8.1, 8.2, 9.1, 11.1; disputes called intra-party matters, 14.1

  question of federal interference in, 10.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 15.4, 15.5, 15.6

  stealing of, itr.1, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1, 13.1, 14.1, 16.1

  see also votes (and voting)

  Texas Good Neighbor Commission

  Texas Jurisprudence, 14.1

  Texas Legislature, 1.1, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  bicameralism vs. unicameralism

  Stevenson in, 8.1, 8.2; as Speaker, 8.3, 8.4

  Stevenson’s popularity vs. LBJ’s unpopularity in

  Texas Lumber Manufacturers Association

  Texas Monthly, 16.1

  Texas Oil Company

  Texas Panhandle, 10.1, 10.2

  Texas Rangers

  Texas State Historical Commission

  Texas State Quality Network

  Texas State Society, 4.1, 4.2

  Thompson, Dr. Gershom J.

  Thornberry, Homer

  Thurmond, J. Strom, 14.1, 15.1

  Tijerina, Pete

  Time magazine, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1, 11.1, 14.1, 16.1

  Timmons, Bascom N.

  Tobin, Judge Dan

  Tolbert, Frank X.

  “travelers” (“missionaries”), in political campaigns, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 12.4

  Truman, Harry, 7.1, 11.1

  civil rights legislation of, itr.1, 7.1, 10.1

  and “do-nothing” Congress

  Fair Deal of, 7.1, 11.1

  LBJ and, 7.1, 7.2, 10.1, 11.1

  in 1948 election, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 15.1

  pardon for Parr

  social reform legislation

  Truman, Margaret

  Tully, Grace, 2.1, 7.1

  22nd Bomb Group, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3

  Tyson, Tom,

  Ulmer, James G., 6.1, 6.2

  unions:

  Communist control alleged by LBJ

  LBJ’s contradictory stances toward, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  1941 financial support for LBJ

  1948 endorsements of LBJ

  1948 financial support for LBJ, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  O’Daniel’s attacks on

  Stevenson’s stance toward, 8.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2; “secret deal” allegation by LBJ, 11.3, 11.4, 12.3, 12.4

  in Texas, 7.1, 11.1, 12.1, 12.2, 12.3

  see also Taft-Hartley Act

  United Mine Workers, 1.1, 11.1, 12.1

  United Nations

  UP (United Press)

  U.S. Congress:

  Eightieth (“do-nothing”), special session

  and regulatory agencies

  see also U.S. House of Representatives; U.S. Senate

  U.S. Constitution

  U.S. Department of Justice:

  civil rights suits by

  investigation of 1948 Texas vote fraud by

  U.S. Department of the Interior, 1.1, 4.1

  U.S. House and Senate Joint Committee on Atomic Energy

  U.S. House of Representatives, itr.1, 5.1

  Armed Services Committee, 7.1, 7.2

  “Board of Education” of Rayburn, 1.1, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Cox Committee FCC investigation

  Dies Committee

  GOP control in 1947–48

  Judiciary Committee, and 1965 civil rights bill

  Labor Committee

  leadership oligarchy of

  LBJ’s committee assignments, 5.1, 7.1

  LBJ’s legislative and debate record in, itr.1, 5.1, 7.1; exposed by

  Stevenson, 12.1, 12.2

  Military Affairs Committee, 7.1, 7.2

  Naval Affairs Committee, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1, 5.2; chairmanship, 5.3, 7.1; in reorganization, 7.2

  1946 reorganization

  recall of members serving in armed

  forces, 2.1, 3.1

  Rules Committee

  Select Committee on Postwar Military Policy

  seniority system, 5.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 18.1

  U.S. Naval Reserve

  LBJ in, 2.1, 3.1

  U.S. Navy:

  Bureau of Personnel, 2.1, 5.1

  LBJ’s war service in, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3; “combat zone” service, 3.1; home front jobs, 2.4

  U.S. News & World Report, 6.1, 16.1

  U.S. Senate:

  civil rights filibusters in, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3

  “Club” or “Inner Circle”

  Foreign Relations Committee


  as judge of qualifications of its members, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1

  LBJ’s rise to power in, 16.1, 18.1; seniority system, 18.2

  U.S. Supreme Court:

  first black Justice on

  Fortas strategy in LBJ’s appeal, 15.1, 15.2

  hearing of LBJ’s appeal, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3

  LBJ’s motion granted, 15.1, 15.2

  Stevenson’s petition rejected

  University of Texas, 4.1, 4.2, 8.1, 8.2

  urban area campaigning, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, 12.2, 13.1

  “Valley” country (Texas), 9.1, 16.1

  in 1941 election

  in 1948 election, 9.1, 9.2, 13.1; first primary results, 11.1; runoff primary results, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3

  1948 vote stealing in, 13.1, 13.2, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2; Stevenson’s investigation, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2

  Stevenson’s victories before 1948 in, 9.1, 11.1, 14.1, 14.2

  voting practices in, 9.1, 11.1, 13.1

  see also Duval County; Jim Wells County; Precinct 13

  Vandenberg, Arthur

  Van Duzen, Dr. R. E.

  Van Zandt, James, 2.1, 7.1, 7.2

  vaqueros, 9.1

  Vernell, Jake

  veterans, see war veterans

  Vietnam War, itr.1

  Vinson, Carl, 2.1, 2.2, 5.1, 5.2, 7.1, 7.2

  and n., 7.1, 7.2

  Vinson, Fred M., 7.1, 7.2

  voter registration, of Southern blacks

  votes (and voting):

  buying of, 1.1, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 13.2

  canvass and certification process

  of dead and absent persons, in Precinct 13 runoff of 1948, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1; LBJ’s joke about, 16.2

  irregularities, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1

  lopsidedness, 1948 vs. earlier elections, 14.1

  miscounts: dishonest, 9.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 13.4, 13.5, 13.6, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3; honest, 13.7, 13.8, 13.9, 13.10

  recounting and corrections in 1948, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3 compared to earlier elections, 14.3

  stealing of, itr.1, 1.1, 8.1, 9.1, 9.2, 11.1, 13.1, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1

  voting machines, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3

  voting rights

  for blacks, itr.1, itr.2

  legislation of 1965, itr.1, itr.2, itr.3

  Voting Rights Act of 1965, itr.1, itr.2

  Wabash Cannonball (B-26), 3.1, 3.2

  Wade, Ross

  Wake Island, fall of

 

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