The Book of Woe: The DSM and the Unmaking of Psychiatry

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by Gary Greenberg


  Aggression, 145

  passive, 109

  Alarcon, Renato, 109

  Alcohol Use Disorder, 140, 312, 318

  in Full Remission, 286

  Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale (ASRM), 217, 221

  Alzheimer’s disease, 206

  Ambivalence, 18, 33

  toward loss, 34

  American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 297, 325

  American Counseling Association (ACA), 232, 276

  American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, 198, 233, 263, 270, 301, 335

  American Medico-Psychological Association, 26

  American Nervousness (Beard), 16

  American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education, 51

  American Psychiatric Press, 293

  American Psychopathological Association, 172

  Anal stage of infantile sexual development, 37

  Angell, Marcia, 90

  Anorexia Nervosa, 251, 252

  Anticonvulsants, 84, 85, 348. See also specific drugs

  Antidepressants, 98–99, 159, 162, 246, 248, 253

  black-box warnings on, 73

  chemical imbalances allegedly corrected by, 56, 63

  manic episodes triggered by, 74, 98, 119

  overprescription of, 161, 164, 353

  percentage of U.S. population taking, 5

  response to, as confirmation of MDD diagnosis, 122

  tricyclic, 336

  See also specific drugs

  Antihypertensives, 85

  Antipsychiatrists, 105, 138, 153, 156, 158, 296, 299, 347, 351, 362

  seen as enemies by APA, 183, 240, 278, 305, 330, 352, 354

  Antipsychotics, 84–87, 97–99, 348

  prescribed for children diagnosed with BD or ADHD, 84–86, 89, 99, 148–49, 305, 353

  See also specific drugs

  Antisocial Personality Disorder, 117, 147, 235, 268

  Anxiety Disorders, 116, 140, 141, 251, 285, 315–16

  Mood Disorders and, 54, 185

  Social, 250

  Separation, 252

  See also Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

  Archives of General Psychiatry, 172, 173

  Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42

  Armed forces, U.S., 32

  Asperger, Hans, 187, 192, 196

  Asperger’s Association of New England (AANE), 185, 325

  Asperger’s syndrome, 182, 187, 189, 191, 194–95

  inclusion in DSM of, 189

  deletion from DSM of, 182, 205, 359

  diagnosis of, 193, 201

  See also Autism

  Association for the Advancement of Philosophy and Psychiatry, 211, 323

  Association of Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, 2, 26

  Astra-Zeneca, 86

  Asylums, 16, 26, 110

  Ataque de nervios, 116

  Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 7, 77–80, 316, 343, 353

  in adults, 141

  Biederman and, 77, 83

  brain development in, 343

  criteria for diagnosis of, 127, 130, 141, 210, 253, 315

  false epidemic of, 173, 316

  mood disorders and, 78

  Attenuated Psychosis Symptoms Syndrome (APSS), 205, 239, 300, 303, 306, 307, 359

  Autism, 173, 187–90, 196–200, 204, 296–99

  Asperger’s and, 189

  diagnosis of, 189, 196, 315–16, 327

  DSM definition of, 303

  inclusion in DSM of, 188

  prevalence of, 197

  See also Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)

  Autism Speaks, 198

  Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASDs), 140, 182, 183, 194, 198, 200, 296, 313, 324, 326, 359

  Autogynephilia, 101

  Avoidant Personality Disorder, 268

  Beard, George, 16

  Beck, Aaron, 270

  Behavioral addictions, 140–42

  Bereavement, 69, 112–13, 246–47

  exclusion from MDD diagnosis of, 113–14, 117, 141, 155, 158–64, 181, 205, 240, 255, 300, 303, 306, 313, 330, 338, 360

  Bernstein, Carol, 182–83, 238

  Biederman, Joseph, 77–89, 97, 102, 103, 140, 147–49, 151, 174, 178

  Big Five personality traits, 265–66

  Big Pharma. See Pharmaceutical industry

  Binge Eating Disorder, 21, 72, 141, 247, 300, 312

  Biochemical imbalances. See Chemical imbalances

  Biological measures, 267, 302, 337, 338

  Biomarkers. See Biological measures

  Bipolar Child, The (Papolos and Papolos), 82

  Bipolar Disorder (BD), 13, 74, 78–88, 98, 99, 119, 347, 355

  antidepressants triggering mania in, 74, 98, 348

  drug company payments to doctors treating, 85–89

  epidemic of children diagnosed with, 6, 8, 78–86, 98, 140, 147, 148, 173, 201, 246, 328

  pharmacologic treatment of, 84–86, 89, 97–99, 148–49, 305, 353

  variations on, 81

  Black-box warnings, 73, 238, 362

  Blanchard, Ray, 100–101, 242–45

  Bleuler, Eugen, 188

  Blue Cross, 35

  Bodily humors, 11

  Body Dysmorphic Disorder, 251

  Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), 261, 313

  Bowles, Linda, 233–34

  Brain-imaging technologies, 60–62, 320, 341

  Brandon and the Bipolar Bear (Anglada, Taylor, and Ferguson), 82–83

  Breivik, Anders, 246

  British Psychological Society (BPS), 239–40, 246

  Brooks, David, 341

  Bryn Mawr College, 184

  Buffalo Medical Journal, 4

  Bulimia Nervosa, 14

  Burke, Edmund, 132

  Bush, George W., 51

  Calvinism, pharmacological, 353

  Cannabis abuse, 52

  Cannabis Use Disorder, 140, 286

  Canticle for Leibowitz, A (Miller), 280

  Caplan, Paula, 237–39, 246, 278–80, 306

  Carey, Benedict, 297, 299–300, 325–27

  Carley, CC, 192–95, 204

  Carley, Michael, 192–95, 246, 297–99

  Carpenter, Will (William), 97–99, 105, 108, 205

  Cartwright, Samuel, 1–4, 7, 25, 120

  Carville, James, 173, 174

  Case studies, Freud’s, 18, 263

  Cassidy, Walter, 124

  Cataracts, 84

  Caudate, 319

  Census Bureau, U.S., 26, 30, 52, 110

  Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 65, 198

  Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, 312

  Chapman, Suzy, 293–94, 308

  Chemical imbalances, 5, 56, 105, 126, 280, 336, 343, 353

  Cheney, Dick, 157

  Christians, conservative, 233

  Chronic Depression, 255

  Churchill, Winston, 336

  Cincinnatus, 93, 308, 329

  Citizens Commission on Human Rights, 208, 278, 332

  Civil rights, 194, 236

  Civil War, U.S., 4

  Clayton, Paula, 112

  Cloninger, Robert, 265

  Cognitive-behavioral therapy, 184, 270, 336, 343

  Cognitive disorders, 140, 206

  Cognitive pluralism, 194

  Cohen, Jacob, 225

  Cohen’s kappa, 225–26. See also Kappa statistics

  Columbia University, 35, 65, 94, 95, 97, 138, 139, 146, 168, 231, 274

  Comorbity, 52–54, 127, 159, 170

  Computed tomography (CT) scans, 53

  Conduct Disorder,
147

  Confidence-Man, The (Melville), 242

  Conflict, intrapsychic, 16, 31, 37, 53

  Congress, U.S., 51, 55, 123, 238, 306, 361. See also Grassley, Charles; Senate, U.S.

  Constitution, U.S., 15

  Cornell University, 94

  Cortical maturation, disorder of, 343

  Coryell, William, 337–38

  Cosgrove, Lisa, 89

  Costello, Jane, 133–36, 231

  Cravings, 318–21

  Criterion A symptoms, 78

  for Asperger’s diagnosis, 203

  for BD diagnosis, 78

  for Pedophilia diagnosis, 233, 235, 236

  Criterion B symptoms, 78

  for ADHD or BD diagnosis, 78–80

  for Adjustment Disorder diagnosis, 68, 69

  for Asperger’s diagnosis, 203

  for Pedophilia diagnosis, 233, 234

  Critical Psychiatry Network, 240

  Cross-cutting symptoms, 141, 142

  assessments and measures of, 127–28, 174, 217, 220, 223, 285, 288, 316, 321

  Cruise, Tom, 105, 136

  Culture-bound syndromes, 116

  Cuthbert, Bruce, 340–42, 344, 346

  Danish National Research Foundation, Center for Subjectivity Research, 170

  DAPP (Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology), 265

  Death in Venice (Mann), 245

  Decade of the Brain, 60, 61, 64

  Defense mechanisms, 33, 34, 38

  Delusional Disorder, 285

  Delusional Dominating Personality Disorder (DDPD), 237–38

  Delusions, 18, 29, 96, 122, 237

  Dementia, 121, 206

  praecox, 29, 30

  Depakote, 6, 84, 207, 348

  Dependent Personality Disorder, 271

  Depersonalization Disorder, 117

  Depression, 7, 13, 33, 38, 40, 159–67, 253, 255, 336, 342, 352

  alleged chemical imbalances in, 63–64, 158, 340

  anxiety and, 172, 184, 217, 241, 260, 287. See also Mixed Anxiety-Depression Disorder

  bereavement-related. see Bereavement

  diagnosis of, 5, 53, 112–14, 124, 128, 141, 155, 254, 315, 319, 353

  drug therapy for, 249. See also Antidepressants

  major, 159, 161, 162, 164. See also Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

  manic, 19, 30, 78. See also Bipolar Disorder (BD)

  OCD and, 217–19

  overdiagnosis of, 161

  shock treatment for, 62, 336

  symptoms of, 53–54, 67, 112, 126, 159, 164

  Depressive Neurosis, 38

  Descriptive diagnosis, 44, 226

  Dexamethasone suppression test (DST), 336, 337

  Diabetes, 6, 12, 54–56, 125, 126, 227, 261, 335, 346

  as drug side effect, 84

  Dickinson, Emily, 201

  Dimensional assessment, 220, 229, 264–65, 268, 270–71, 311, 321–22, 359

  Disorder indicators, 159

  Disorder Quick Reference Troubleshooting Guide, 283

  Disorganized speech, 96

  Disruptive Behavior Disorder, 83

  Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD), 205, 306, 312, 338, 353, 359

  Dissociative episodes, abrupt, 116

  Dissociative Identity Disorder, 116

  Dopamine, 63, 319

  Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 157

  Downward comparisons, 57

  Drapetomania, 1–4, 8, 10, 21, 111, 328

  Drug abuse, 52, 275, 318

  Drug companies. See Pharmaceutical industry

  Dsm5watch (blog), 293, 294

  DTREE diagnostic program, 67

  Duke University, 22, 82, 133

  Dxrevisionwatch (blog), 294

  Dysphoria, 39, 149, 300

  Earle, Pliny, 28, 29, 352

  Education, U.S. Department of, 200

  Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality, 35

  Einstein, Albert, 201

  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), 336

  Elkins, David, 275

  Emory University, 87

  Empiricism, 11–12, 36, 38, 42, 237, 269–71, 349

  Endocrinology, 18, 91

  Epicycles, 117

  Epidemics, diagnostic, 106, 142

  ADHD, 173, 210

  Asperger’s syndrome, 197, 201

  autism, 173, 200, 198–99, 200, 327

  BD, 82, 98, 119, 147, 173

  Epidemiology, 1, 199

  Eskimos, 116

  Etiologies, 65, 170

  Exclusion criteria, 122, 344

  Exhibitionism, 235

  Facebook, 294, 316, 322

  Factitious Disorder, 72

  Fat and Blood (Mitchell), 16

  Feeding and Eating Disorders, 14. See also specific disorders

  Feminists, 45, 144, 196

  Fetishes, 101

  Field trials, 129, 169, 213–26, 229, 291, 307, 311–13, 321–25, 327

  of Asperger’s diagnostic criteria, 190, 197, 204

  for childhood disorders, 296

  communications with participants in, 248–50, 283, 292

  delays in start of, 137, 143, 215

  overdiagnosis and, 130–31

  prevalence statistics from, 301

  reenactment of clinical session in demonstration of, 216–25

  reliability in, 225–26, 302, 308, 328

  results of, 311–13, 321, 325

  training of Collaborating Investigators in, 250, 282–83

  Financial meltdown of 2008, 117

  Fink, Max, 71, 337

  Fink, Paul, 71, 347

  First, Michael, 65–68, 72–74, 169, 249, 284, 300, 304, 311, 344, 362

  at APA annual meetings, 210–13, 220, 224–25, 227–29, 252, 323–24

  computer science expertise of, 66, 67

  concern about potential harms of diagnoses, 142, 159, 202, 301

  exclusion from DSM task force and work groups, 90, 92, 131, 163, 268

  on field trial weaknesses, 129, 225, 227, 228

  Frances and, 105, 111, 139, 179, 233–35

  research planning conferences organized by, 65, 74–76, 265–67

  on WHO ICD panel, 110, 210

  Five Factor Model, 266. See also Big Five personality traits

  Fombonne, Eric, 197, 198

  Food addiction, 320. See also Feeding and Eating Disorders

  Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 48, 73, 84, 98

  Foucault, Michel, 19

  Frances, Allen, 22, 26, 44–48, 93–95, 119, 148, 167, 190, 230–38, 246, 248, 274–81, 301, 304–9, 330, 332–34, 344, 346–47, 350, 352

  articles and blogs on DSM by, 105–9, 111, 120, 123, 127, 130–31, 133, 136–40, 142–44, 155–57, 165, 179, 215, 300, 307, 328–29, 331, 339, 361–63

  Chapman and, 293–94

  Columbia medical school presentation by, 138–39, 146, 168

  in documentary film, 331–33

  DSM-IV task force chaired by, 22–23, 47–48, 76, 95–96, 98–99, 106–8, 118, 132, 140, 144–45, 147, 171, 180, 202, 234–38, 264, 271, 314, 332

  e-mails to APA leadership from, 209–10

  Harvard bioethics seminar address of, 331, 334–35

  Kraemer’s broadside against, 311–12

  letter to APA trustees from Spitzer and, 109–10

  open letters to APA from, 275–76, 306–7

  at party for Columbia-affiliated psychiatrists, 95–99, 105

  on personality disorders, 262–64, 267, 270

  on primary care doctors’ treating mental disorders, 349, 353

  Regier’s denunciations of, 173–74, 296

  and revision of DSM-III, 4
4–48, 262–63

  at Spitzer’s retirement celebration, 168–69

  Frances, Vera, 93–94

  Frankfurt, Harry, 24, 134, 317

  Freud, Sigmund, 16–18, 24, 30, 31, 35, 38, 53, 91, 111, 120, 145, 168, 197, 262, 272, 347

  Freudianism, 34, 39, 41, 50, 58, 62, 123, 261–63, 284, 330

  Frotteurism, 72, 235

  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 60–62

  Fund for Social Change, 193

  Galileo Galilei, 102, 174, 175

  Gambling, 25, 57, 86

  pathological, 140–41, 320

  Gays, 4, 9, 35–36, 42–43, 219, 287

  activists, 20, 42, 101, 117, 209

  conservative Christian antagonism toward, 233–34

  See also Homosexuality

  Gender Identity Disorder (GID), 100, 182

  Male-to-Eunuch, 337

  General Motors, 247

  General paresis, 121

  Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), 65, 141, 247, 308, 313, 323, 348

  diagnosis of, 67, 250, 255, 260, 355

  Genetics, 239, 267

  Gerontophilia, 243

  GlaxoSmithKline, 89, 163

  Global Assessment of Functioning, 128

  Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership (GRASP), 193–94, 297–98

  Goffman, Erving, 19

  Goodwin, Frederick, 88

  Gould, Glenn, 201

  Gould, Stephen Jay, 125

  Grassley, Charles, 85–90, 107, 154

  Great Britain, 19, 302

  Greeks, ancient, 1, 8, 10, 11

  Grief. See Bereavement

  Guze, Samuel, 120–22, 161

  Haldol, 348

  Hallucinations, 13, 29, 39, 96, 122, 333

  Hansen, Helena, 274–75

  Harris, Gardiner, 85, 88

  Harvard University, 49, 77, 81, 87, 184, 237, 303, 334

  medical school, 331

  Health and Human Service, U.S. Department of, 306, 339

  Hebephilia, 242–43, 245, 306–7, 318

  Herold, Eve, 282–83

  Hippocampus, 341

  Hippocrates, 11, 36, 120, 336

  Hoarding Disorder, 7, 220–23, 312, 359

  Homosexuality, 5, 7–9, 21, 46, 114, 116, 126, 182, 234

  diagnosis of, deletion from DSM, 35–36, 41–42

  Ego-Dystonic, 35

  sexual reorientation therapy for, 101

  See also Gays

  Hormel Foods, 249

  Hostility, 145, 146

  Huffington Post, The, 306, 331

  Hurricane Katrina, 153

  Hyman, Steven, 48

  Hypercortisolemia, 336

  Hypersexual Disorder, 21, 141

  Hypertension, 55, 56

  Hypochondriasis, 252

 

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