Wild Bill Donovan

by Douglas Waller

  CHAPTER 23: NORMANDY

  235–236 Claridge’s was to English countryside: Lankford, pp. 98–136; Edward Green memo to WJD, Aug. 11, 1944, with “OSS Hymn” enclosed, Fr: 1252–56, R: 77, John Wilson memo to WJD, May 6, 1944, Fr: 1164–70, R: 69, M1642, RG226, NA; The Overseas Targets, pp. 161–62, 183–87.

  236–237 Bruce had to more wrong: DB letter to WS, Aug. 16, 1958, Section 12, File WS, DB speech, May 2, 1971, DB, Section 13, 1969–1971, File 14, VHS; Part XLIII, Report of Conversation, Part I, Dec. 31, 1943, Fr: 705–8, R: 109, Bern cable on KAPPA for 105 and Jackpot, April 12, 1944, Fr: 798–805, R: 18, M1642, RG226, NA; John Weckerling memo to GCM, April 16, 1944, Fr: 283–93, R: 14, GMP, LOC.

  238 of ammunition: WJD memo to GCM, Oct. 20, 1944, Fr: 230, R: 20, WJD memo to FDR, July 8, 1944, Fr: 56, R: 24, M1642, RG226, NA; The Overseas Targets, pp. 177–78, 192–99.

  238 when they land: Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 245, 252, 291; Final Report of SI Operations Room to Chief, SI Branch, Sept. 30, 1944, Fr: 1193–1208, R: 80, M1642, RG226, NA; Justin O’Brien memo to Chief, SI, with enclosures on Sussex mission reports, March 1, 1945, B: 16, E: 99, RG226, NA.

  239 Normandy landing: Brown, pp. 533–34; Private Office memo for WC, May 26, 1944, and McMartin note, May 27, 1944, CHAR 20-141A-69-71, CA; Fitness report for Lt. David R. Donovan, Sept. 20, 1944, NPRC.

  239–247 Marshall, who to the Tuscaloosa: DB letter to WS, Aug. 16, 1958, Section 12, File WS, DB speech, May 2, 1971, DB, Section 13, 1969–1971, File 14, VHS; Carter Nicholas memo to WJD with enclosure on Irish cooperation with the OSS, March 27, 1944, B: 351, E: 210, RG226, NA; Lankford, pp. 47–71, 220; Chester B. Hansen diary entries for Normandy landing, B: 4, 41, and 42, CHP, MHI; WJD memo to FDR, June 14, 1944, Fr: 896–901, R: 23, M1642, RG226, NA; WJD letter to Evans Carlson, June 17, 1944, B: “United Kingdom—OSS Training School 1940–60,” WJDP, MHI.

  248 from the front: The Overseas Targets, pp. 219–21; WJD lecture for the Army-Navy Staff College, March 12, 1945, B: 119A, WJDP, MHI; Lankford, p. 181; Weinberg, p. 533; Foot, p. 319; Joseph Lynch letter to JEH, July 12, 1945, 94-4-4672-26, FBI; WJD memo to FDR, July 8, 1944, Fr: 460–63, R: 50, WJD memo to FDR, June 14, 1944, Fr: 896–901, R: 23, WJD letter to James Forrestal, June 14, 1944, M1642, RG226, NA; HS diary entry, June 15, 1944, Film HM 51, HSP, YU.

  CHAPTER 24: INTELLIGENCE FAILURES

  250 dirty pond: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, pp. 568–75; Crockett, OHP, p. 18; Putzell, OHP, p. 55; Peter Tompkins memo to Frank Mall, Report on Mission to Rome, March 1, 1945, B: 39, E: 99, RG226, NA.

  250 U.S. dollar: CG allied Mediterranean Forces AFHQ Command memo to War Department, March 18, 1944, Fr: 121–22, R: 83, Fr: 605–7, R: 101, Edward Glavin and Howard Chapin memo to WJD, June 23, 1944, Fr: 140–48, R: 110, M1642, RG226, NA.

  251 officers reported: Roger Pfaff memo to WJD on Peter Tompkins with enclosure, March 3, 1945, B: 386, E: 210, RG226, NA; Report on Mission to Rome insert, March 1, 1945, B: 39, E: 99, RG226, NA; Italian Operations Centering on Rome, B: 41, E: 99, RG226, NA; Crockett, OHP, p. 45; The Overseas Targets, pp. 73–74.

  252 backed off: Atkinson, The Day of Battle, pp. 406–8, 506–8; R&A Branch Naples memo to WJD, Jan. 21, 1944, Fr: 1190, R: 77, M1642, RG226, NA; Corvo, pp. 273–83; “Vanderbilt Writes,” New York Post, April 6, 1944; WJD cable to Glavin, May 11, 1944, Glavin cable to WJD, April 17, 1944, Crockett and Glavin cable to Rehm and EB, April 25, 1944, Glavin cable to WJD, May 9, 1944, WJD cable to Glavin, May 11, 1944, R: 7 and 10, A-3304, RG226, NA.

  252 if he remained: William Suhling interview, July 19, 1945, John Toulmin interview, Dec. 5, 1944, Peter Tompkins interview, Sept. 29, 1944, B: unnumbered third and fourth boxes from the end of the collection, WJDP, MHI; WJD cable to 106, Jan. 10, 1945, B: 364, E: 210, RG226, NA.

  253 “of the party”: WJD memo to JCS on OSS Special Operations in Italy, Telegram from C-in-C (Kesselring), South-West, Feb. 26, 1945, B: 66B, WJDP, MHI; Final Report on Sauerkraut Operation #7 (Code-Idaho), March 6, 1945, B: 32, E: 99, RG226, NA; Final Report Operation “Sauerkraut No. 3,” B: 27, E: 99, RG226, NA.

  253–256 As he shook to from scratch: Kingsley, Jan. 7, 2008; The Overseas Targets, pp. xiii, 272; The Istanbul Mission—Certain C-E Aspects (addendum No. 1), Chapter XXXIII, Col. Otto von Hatz—A Summary, B: 35, E: 211, RG226, NA; AD/H memo to C.D., Feb. 14, 1944, HS 8-7, NAUK; AG/009 memo to WJD, March 2, 1944, Fr: 180–96, R: 118, OSS headquarters memo to Lanning Macfarland, July 3, 1945, Fr: 1131–35, R: 79, J. E. Toulmin letter to WJD, July 30, 1944, Fr: 319–20, R: 41, M1642, RG226, NA; J. G. O’Connor memo to WS, May 23, 1944, Irving Sherman memo to Hazel Haight, Sept. 26, 1944, with enclosure on “Report on My Istanbul Mission,” Aug. 24, 1944, B: 16, E: 211, RG226, NA; Dogwood Requests Allied Protection for His Hungarian Contacts and Collaborators, J. T. Curtiss memo to R. J. Murphy, Sept. 12, 1945, B: 44, E: 211, RG226, NA; The Dogwood Organization, B: 386, E: 210, RG226, NA.

  256–258 Before he to the Nazis: AWD memo to Hugh Wilson, July 11, 1942, B: 384, E: 210, RG226, NA; Center of Information Pro Deo newsletter, John Hughes memo to WS, April 22, 1941, Lester Houck memo to WS, July 23, 1945, Frederic Dolbeare memo to Alfred Du Pont, Dec. 7, 1943, B: 61 and 62, E: 92, RG226, NA; Frederic Dolbeare memo to Hugh Wilson, Dec. 4, 1943, B: 311, E: 210, RG226, NA; Frederic Dolbeare memos to Ferdinand Mayer, Oct. 20 and 31, and Nov. 7, 1944, to John C. Hughes, May 29, 1945, to AWD, Nov. 9, 1944, and to B. Homer Hall, April 25, 1945, Stephen B. L. Penrose memo to William Gold, Aug. 27, 1945, B: 375, E: 214, B: 121, E: 190, B: 7, E: 214, B: 423–24, E: 210, RG226, NA; WJD memo to FDR, July 3, 1944, Fr: 5, R: 24, The Kulturkampf Flares Up Again: Pius XII Against Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin, June 5, 1943, Fr: 626–42, R: 109, M1642, RG226, NA; Weinberg, p. 677; The Overseas Targets, p. 112.

  CHAPTER 25: THE PLOT

  260 Dulles wrote: Mauch, pp. 118–19; Bern cables to OSS headquarters, July 25, 1944, WJD memo to GCM, July 26, 1944, Bern cable to OSS headquarters, July 22, 1944, B: 18, E: 99, RG226, NA.

  260–262 Stauffenberg, in fact, to outside world: Bern cables to Carib, Jackpot, and 140, April 6 and 7, 1944, Bern cable to OSS headquarters, #4111-12, Breakers, July 15, 1944, B: 235, E: 146, RG226, NA; WJD memos to FDR, July 22 and 29, 1944, Bern cable to OSS headquarters, #4085, Breakers, July 12, 1944, WJD memo to FDR, July 22, 1944, B: 18, E: 99, RG226, NA; Overtures by German Generals and Civilian Opposition for a Separate Armistice, May 16, 1944, Fr: 733, R: 19, Fr: 649–54, R: 125, M1642, RG226, NA.

  262–263 The day after to “mad adventure”: Erika Canaris letter to WJD, Nov. 15, 1945, Vol. XVII, Part 1, COR; WJD memo to FDR, July 26, 1944, Bern cable from 110 to Washington headquarters, Jan. 24, 1945, Bern cable to OSS headquarters #4361, Breakers, Aug. 5, 1944, WJD memo to GCM, July 24, 1944, B: 18, E: 99, RG226, NA.

  264 “to humanity”: WJD memo to GCM, July 24, 1944, The Attempt on Hitler’s Life and Its Consequences, R&A No. 2387, July 27, 1944, 109 cable to DB, July 28, 1944, B: 18, E: 99, RG226, NA; Walter C. Langer memo to WJD, July 26, 1944, Fr: 23–27, R: 52, M1642, RG226, NA; Special Interrogation Series No. 10, Miss Johanna Wolf, Hitler’s personal secretary since 1928, May 31, 1945, Vol. XCIX, COR; WJD cable to DB, July 28, 1944, B: 18, E: 99, RG226, NA.

  264–265 The American to two weeks: Allen Dulles speech to the Erie County Bar Association, May 4, 1959, B: 17, ADP, PU; Lt. Gen. William W. Quinn interview, 1981, Senior Officer Oral History Program, pp. 57–63, 133–38, B: 19, WQP, MHI; Memorandum for D/A. C. of S., G-2, Oct. 30, 1944, 103.819/11-244, RG59, NA; Report from Algiers, Jacques’ Story, B:63, E: 210 and B: 45, E:99, RG226, NA.

  265–267 After the to their country: Memo to FDR, Jan. 24, 1945, B: 364, E: 210, RG226, NA; 140, Caserta memo to 106 and 154 Washington, Aug. 18, 1944, Hugh Wilson letter to WJD, Aug. 12, 1944, Joseph Rodrigo memo to Hugh Wilson, Aug. 27, 1944, B: 344, E: 210, RG226, NA.

  267 European operations: Casey, pp. 142–43; Persico, Casey, pp. 53–55, 72; Helms, OHP, p. 8.

  268 Fritz Kolbe: AWD interview, Sept. 28, 1944, B: unnumbered third and fourt
h boxes from the end of the collection, WJDP, MHI; AWD speech to the Erie County Bar Association, May 4, 1959, B: 17, ADP, PU; Grose, pp. 205–13; Persico, Casey, pp. 62–67; Casey, pp. 144–45.

  268–269 Other OSS to and Austria: F. L. Mayer memo to Chief, SI, Dec. 13, 1943, B: 428, E: 210, RG226, NA; I. S. Dorfman memo to WJD, Feb. 4, 1944, Fr: 522–43, R: 68, George Pratt memo to WS, Aug. 22, 1944, Fr: 482–85, R: 82, 109 cable to 110, Aug. 2, 1944, Fr: 15–20, R: 81, WJD cable on Future OSS Operations in Central Europe, Sept. 1, 1944, Fr: 63–65, R: 81, M1642, RG226, NA.

  270 in Europe: Legendre, OHP, p. 12; Chalou, p. 283; Mary Bancroft interview, July 16, 1980, B: Interviews—Bancroft to Sherwood 1945-undated, WJDP, MHI; vanden Heuvel, March 11, 2008; Mosely, pp. 164–65, 223–24; Grose, pp. 209–10, 247–48.

  271 Iron Cross: The Overseas Targets, pp. 216–19, 250–55; Lankford, pp. 104, 106, 139–43.

  272 he said: Chief, SI, ETO, memo to CO, OSS, ETO, July 24, 1945, Fr: 555–72, R: 80, M1642, RG226, NA; Casey, pp. 184–85; Persico, Casey, pp. 72–73, 83; The Overseas Targets, pp. 305–6; Helms, OHP, p. 6; Mauch, pp. 179–81.

  273 “anyone else”: Martini operation report, Leon Adrian and Joseph Bartoszek, Mission Critique: “Martini Team,” J. W. Reczkiewiez memo to Joseph Dasher, May 28, 1945, B: 39, E: 115, RG226, NA.

  CHAPTER 26: THE SIDESHOW

  274 with his allies: Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 244–47; John Toulmin interview, June 13, 1945, B: unnumberd third and fourth boxes from the end of the collection, WJDP, MHI; David Donovan, Sept. 22, 2007; Brown, pp. 431–33.

  275 among equals: The Overseas Targets, p. 131; WJD memo to FDR, July 8, 1944, Fr: 63, R: 24, Glavin cable to Toulmin, Aug. 23, 1944, Fr: 879, R: 84, T. A. Holdahl memo to WJD, June 6, 1944, Fr: 914–23, R: 84, M1642, RG226, NA.

  275 not to be sent: “Wild Bill Donovan’s Son with Gen. Mikhailovitch,” United Press dispatch, March 2, 1944, B: 130, E: 99, RG226, NA; WJD letter to James Dunn, March 15, 1944, Fr: 33–37, R: 84, M1642, RG226, NA; FDR letter to WJD, March 22, 1944, B: 88C, WJDP, MHI; William Leahy memo to JCS, April 8, 1944, Fr: 1201–2, 1197, R: 84, M1642, RG226, NA; Kimball, vol. 3, pp. 80, 82.

  276 in Yugoslavia: John Hughes memo to EB, Aug. 26, 1943, Penetration of Yugoslavia Project, Memorandum of Conversation with the Shepherd, May 5, 1944, WJD memo to FDR, May 21, 1944, Fr: 273–83, R: 31, Fr: 729, R: 19, Fr: 875–79, 883, R: 23, Fr: 2–912, R: 89, Fr: 883-1325, R: 85, M1642, RG226, NA.

  276–278 Donovan, however, to to the bill: Stephen Penrose memo to Robert Joyce, B: 21 and 23, E: 154, RG226, NA; 109 cable to Maddox, Aug. 23, 1944, Fr: 240–63, R: 120, Memorandum of conversations with Brigadier Maclean and Marshal Tito, Aug. 10 and 11, 1944, Fr: 922–47, R: 84, WJD memo to FDR, July 4, 1944, Fr: 27–28, R: 24, Joyce and Mitchell cable to WS, Aug. 30, 1944, Fr: 230, R: 84, M1642, RG226, NA; Dunlop, pp. 445–46.

  278–279 McDowell’s Ranger to early November: The Overseas Targets, pp. 130–32; Robert McDowell’s Report on Mission to Yugoslavia, Ranger Unit, Nov. 23, 1944, B: 21 and 23, E: 154, RG226, NA; Marshall Tito memo to U.S.A. Military Mission, Sept. 14, 1944, Fr: 1022–24, 1113, R: 84, Fr: 327–32, R: 24, M1642, RG226, NA; Foreign Office cable to Washington, Prime Minister to President, Sept. 1, 1944, FO 954-34A, NAUK; President Roosevelt to Prime Minister, No. 617, Sept. 4, 1944, CHAR 20-171-38, CA; WJD memo to FDR, Oct. 2, 1944, Fr: 171–73, R: 84, M1642, RG226, NA.

  280 where they clashed: 109 cable to Glavin and EH, Oct. 5, 1944, Fr: 523, R: 85, 109 cable to Glavin, Sept. 10, 1944, Fr: 467–68, R: 84, WJD memo to CH, Oct. 5, 1944, Fr: 164, R: 20, 1037 cable to 109 and 552, Oct. 9, 1944, EB memo to FDR, Jan. 4, 1943, Fr: 293, 306, 308, R: 31, WJD memo to JCS Nov. 3, 1944, Fr: 1128–30, R: 18, CC memo to Secretary of State, May 3, 1945, Fr: 346–47, R: 31, WJD memo to FDR, May 13, 1945, Fr: 99–100, R: 85, M1642, RG226, NA.

  280–282 While Churchill to not be intimidated: Klurfeld, pp. 66–79; Ernest Cuneo Manuscript on the OSS and BSC, N-P File, ECP, FDRL; Wilson Brown memo for all Map Room personnel, Dec. 18, 1944, Map Room Files, HHP, FDRL; WC cable to Lord Halifax, Sept. 15, 1944, CHAR 20-171-91, CA; “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” by Drew Pearson, Washington Post, Aug. 19, 1944; Putzell, OHP, p. 40; WC cable to WJD through WBS, Aug. 24, CHAR 20-170-77-78, CA; WBS letter to WC, Aug. 26, 1944, CHAR 20-146B-153, CA; Keegan, pp. 312–13; EB memo to FDR, Dec. 27, 1944, Fr: 1051, R: 24, M1642, RG226, NA.

  CHAPTER 27: STOCKHOLM

  283 to London: WJD note to FDR, Nov. 27, 1944, PPF 6558, FDRL; WJD letter to Grace Tully with Roper analysis enclosed, Oct. 15, 1944, Fr: 997–98, R: 30, M1642, RG226, NA; Memo to Gen. Clarke, Dec. 17, 1945, B: 26, E: 12, GP, RG263, NA.

  284 knew full well: “The Charming People,” by Austine Cassini, Washington Times-Herald, Nov. 30, 1944; Tippaparn Donovan, Jan. 24, 2008; Wise, Jan. 27, 2008; Mugler, Jan. 21, 2008; McIntosh, April 7, 2009; Howe, July 19, 2009; Gilbert, April 10, 2009; David G. Donovan, April 25, 2009; Beecher, Sept. 26, 2008; Mary Grandin Donovan Personnel Folder Copy, Oct. 2, 1944, Report of Efficiency Rating for Mary G. Donovan, Aug. 4, 1945, Box 194, Entry 244, RG226, NA.

  284 overseas trips: WJD memo to Martin McHugh, Dec. 6, 1944, EP memo to McHugh, Dec. 2, 1944, EP memo to Mayo, Dec. 12, 1944, Fr: 479–83, R: 45, M1642, RG226, NA.

  285 the Red Army: Caserta memo, Nov. 3, 1944, Fr: 517, R: 87, Joseph Rodrigo memo to WJD, Oct. 3, 1944, Fr: 965–66, R: 87, Edward Glavin memo to WJD, Sept. 11, 1944, Fr: 971–73, R: 86, WJD memo to JCS, Nov. 18, 1944, Fr: 1053–55, R: 62, M1642, RG226, NA.

  285 leaving Moscow: WJD memo to FDR, May 14, 1945, Fr: 314–15, R: 57, Wisner cable to Joyce and Maddox, Nov. 3, 1944, Fr: 511–13, R: 87, Detention of Captain Madison and Captain Kuhn by Russian Soldiers, May 5, 1945, Fr: 233–39, R: 105, CC memo to FDR, Sept. 12, 1944, Fr: 298, R: 24, The Overseas Targets, p. 333; P. M. Fitin letter to John Deane, April 9, 1945, B: 18, E: 309, RG226, NA.

  286 “necessary intelligence”: The Overseas Targets, pp. 331–35; WJD memo to GCM, Aug. 5, 1944, Fr: 492–94, R: 20, M1642, RG226, NA; Biagio M. Corvo memo to WJD, Sept. 10, 1944, B: 356, E: 210, RG226, NA.

  286 Japanese embassy: The Overseas Targets, pp. 261–67; Wilho Tikander memo to WS, Dec. 10, 1945, B: 435, E: 210, RG226, NA; I. S. Dorfman memo to WJD, May 23, 1945, B: 12, E: 211, RG226, NA; Taylor, Stockholm cable to OSS headquarters, May 26, 1945, B: 379, E: 210, RG226, NA.

  287 in Washington: WJD memo to A. H. Onthank, March 31, 1944, WJD letter to Wilho Tikander, Sept. 13, 1944, Fr: 465, 480–514, R: 79, M1642, RG226, NA.

  287–288 One of Tikander’s to bought the codes: Memo on WJD conference with ES, Oct. 24, 1944, 109 cable to 155, Nov. 3, 1944, Tikander memo to WJD, Dec. 11, 1944, B: 362, E: 210, RG226, NA; James Dunn memo to ES, Dec. 18, 1944, Box 145, 103.918/12-1844, 1940-44 Central Decimal File, RG59, NA; WJD memo to FDR, Dec. 11, 1944, Subject File OSS, Reports 12-8 to 15-44, FDRL; Aid, pp. 19–37.

  289 OSS archives: Warner and Benson, pp. 1–13; Matters to Discuss with the President, Dec. 20, 1944, Department File, State, Stettinius, Edward, December 1944, PSF, FDRL; EB letter to John Deane, Jan. 1945, John Deane letters to P. M. Fitin, Jan. 9 and Feb. 15, 1945, B: 18, E: 309, RG226, NA; Weinstein and Vassilev, pp. 246–47; Putzell, OHP, pp. 45–46; Biographical Information About Delegates to the San Francisco Conference, R&A Report 2995, Andrei Gromyko entry, B: 60, WJDP, MHI.

  289 German moles: Notes on meeting with WJD, Ambassador Murphy, and staff, Jan. 4, 1945, B: 359, E: 210, RG226, NA; Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 352–53; Kingsley, Jan. 7, 2008.

  290 on their own: Washington Evening Star article, Dec. 14, 1944, B: 130, E: 99, RG226, NA; James Murphy memo to WJD, Nov. 2, 1944, Fr: 1110–20, R: 46, WJD memo to FDR, Feb. 22, 1945, Fr: 226–29, R: 25, M1642, RG226, NA; Roger Pfaff memo to WJD with enclosed report on OSS-FBI Relationships, Feb. 22, 1945, B: 358, E: 210, RG226, NA; Riebling, p. 58.

  291 “the right time”: Stout, pp. 6, 11–12; Howe, July 19, 2009; S. A. Callise to Horace Andrews memos, Nov. 28, 1944, EB memo to WJD, Dec. 6, 1944, Fr: 904–6, 913, R: 121, M1642, RG226, NA; John Grombach memo to G-
2, Dec. 4, 1945, with enclosure, B: 1, Draft Pond history, Memo to Director of Information, Feb. 18, 1946, Pond memos on OSS officers, B: 5, 7, 18, and 19, Grombach monograph on OSS, B: 18, E: 12, GP, RG226, NA.

  CHAPTER 28: THE VATICAN

  292 their grandmother: Gilbert, Oct. 29, 2007; Banta, Jan. 28, 2008.

  292–295 Donovan’s holiday to wishing her well: Legendre, OHP, pp. 13–37; Lt. Cdr. Robert Jennings statement, April 4, 1945, B: 118, E: 148, RG226, NA; Gertrude Legendre résumé, British Empire Section memo to DB, Jan. 21, 1943, B: 17, E: 92A, RG226, NA; Walter Hochschild memo to CO, SCI, Twelfth AG, Sept. 29, 1944, Norman Holmes Pearson memo to Russell Forgan, Oct. 23, 1944, Allen Dulles memo to WJD with statement made by “Gertrude,” March 29, 1945, Fr: 6–255, R: 69, WJD letter to John McCloy, Nov. 4, 1944, Fr: 1299–1300, R: 20, M1642, RG226, NA; Keiste Janulis memo to G-2 Section, Oct. 25, 1944, B: 17, E: 92A, RG226, NA.

  295 “and discredit”: JJ 001, London cable to WJD, April 2, 1945, B: 346, E: 210, RG226, NA; 109 cable to Forgan, March 27, 1945, WJD letter to James Dunn, April 4, 1945, Archbold van Beuren memo to CC, April 13, 1945, WJD letter to Gertrude Legendre, June 18, 1945, WJD cables to Forgan, Armour, Cheston, and Morgan, April 5 and 12, 1945, Fr: 6–255, R: 69, Charles Bane note to WJD, Oct. 27, 1944, Fr: 1273–75, R: 94, M1642, RG226, NA.

  296 he said: Constantin Bertakis letter to Dunlop, Feb. 17, 1981, B: 19, RDP, MHI; Wayne Nelson interview, Jan. 25, 1984, KNP; Vincent Scamporino memo to W. P. Maddox, Oct. 2, 1944, John Wilson memo to WS with enclosure, Feb. 3, 1945, B: 386, E: 210, RG226, NA.

  297 of secrets: Mangold, pp. 31–43; 109 cable to 106, Jan. 10, 1945, Fr: 186, R: 114, M1642, RG226, NA; Chalou, pp. 218–30; Gorian, OHP, p. 3; Hood, Dec. 11, 2008; Angleton, Dec. 17, 2008.