by Robert Bryce
33. Henry David Thoreau, Walden, conclusion, full text here: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/walden/hdt18.html.
34. John Updike, “A sage for all seasons,” The Guardian, June 25, 2004, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2004/jun/26/classics.
35. Dorothy McLaughlin, “Silent Spring Revisited,” undated, http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2004/jun/26/classics; http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/disrupt/sspring.html. For quote, see: Rachel Carson, Silent Spring. Excerpt available here: http://core.ecu.edu/soci/juskaa/SOCI3222/carson.html.
36. Donella H. Meadows, Dennis L. Meadows, Jorgen Randers, and William W. Behrens III, The Limits to Growth: A Report for The Club of Rome’s Project on the Predicament of Mankind (New York: Universe Books, 1972), http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~wggray/Teaching/His300/Illustrations/Limits-to-Growth.pdf.
37. Edward Abbey, Beyond the Wall: Essays from the Outside (New York: Henry Holt, 1971), 40.
38. Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Population_Bomb.
39. Cited by Sarah Orleans Reed in “The Publication of Paul Ehrlich’s The Population Bomb by the Sierra Club, 1968: Wilderness-Thinking, Neo-Malthusianism, and Anti-Humanism,” Wesleyan University, April 2008, 5.
40. Alan Gregg, “A Medical Aspect of the Population Problem,” Science 121 (1955): 681–682, p. 682, cited in Charles Rubin, “Human Dignity and the Future of Man,” President’s Council on Bioethics, March 2008, http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/pcbe/reports/human_dignity/chapter7.html#endnote25.
41. Huffingtonpost.com, “Sir David Attenborough, Naturalist and Filmmaker, Calls Humanity ‘A Plague on the Earth,’” January 23, 2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/23/sir-david-attenborough-na_n_2534078.html?utm_hp_ref=tw#slide=1409005.
42. Bruckner, “The Ideology of Catastrophe.”
43. George Monbiot, “Is There Any Point in Fighting to Stave Off Industrial Apocalypse?” Guardian, August 17, 2009, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2009/aug/17/environment-climate-change.
44. Will Steffen, Johan Rockström, and Robert Costanza, “How Defining Planetary Boundaries Can Transform Our Approach to Growth,” Solutions Journal, May 2011, http://www.thesolutionsjournal.com/node/935?page=35%2C02C0%2C0%2C0%2C0.
45. Http://www.sierraclub.org/policy/conservation/nuc-power.aspx.
Notes to Chapter 5
1. Richard Dorment, “Eadweard Muybridge at Tate Britain, Review,” Telegraph, September 8, 2010, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/art/art-reviews/7985248/Eadweard-Muybridge-at-Tate-Britain-review.html.
2. University of Ottawa press release, http://www.uottawa.ca/articles/freeze-frame-physics.
3. For more, see: http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/itamp/attosecond/attosecond.html.
4. PBS.org, “Watson and Crick Describe Structure of DNA: 1953,” undated, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/do53dn.html.
5. Wikipedia.org, “electromagnetic spectrum,” undated, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum.
6. Nobelprize.org, http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1962/press.html.
Notes to Chapter 6
1. Guinnessworldrecords.com data, http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/speed/fastest-100m-with-a-can-balanced-on-head-(dog).
2. Guinnessworldrecords.com data, http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/speed/fastest-100-metre-hurdles-wearing-swim-fins-(individual-male).
3. Guinnessworldrecords.com data, http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/speed/fastest-time-to-hula-hoop-10-km-(male).
4. Http://library.thinkquest.org/C004203/science/science02.html.
5. Endless Sphere Technologies, diameter to speed/rpm chart. http://endless-sphere.com/forums/viewtopic.php?f=28&t=16114.
6. Http://www.vanderbiltcupraces.com/drivers/bio/robert_burman.
7. Holman W. Jenkins Jr., “Jenkins: Saying ‘Yes’ to Broadband,” Wall Street Journal, October 9, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304626104579123202528096562.
8. Vaclav Smil, Prime Movers of Globalization: The History and Impact of Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 12.
9. Max Kingsley-Jones, “6,000 and Counting for Boeing’s Popular Little Ttwin jet,” April 22, 2009, http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-6000-and-counting-for-boeings-popular-little-twinjet-325472/. Boeing speed data: http://www.boeing.com/commercial/737family/pf/pf_800tech.html Conversion from Mach to km/h and mph here: http://www.globalaircraft.org/converter.html.
10. Enchantedlearning.com, “Christopher Columbus: Explorer,” undated, http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/c/columbus.shtml.
11. BBC.co data, http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/west/ss_gb_mm/index.shtml.
12. Sarah Hoye, “Sending Out an SOS for ‘America’s Flagship,’” CNN.com, April 7, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/07/travel/ocean-liner-united-states; John Steele Gordon, “The Anti-Titanic,” Wall Street Journal, August 17, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443991704577579623942024142.html?mod=googlenews_wsj.
13. Great short film on the Fosbury flop here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_sIwv6SAxc.
14. Tufts.edu, “Ancient Olympic Events,” undated, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Olympics/running.html.
15. Marathonguide.com, “Marathoners Become Ever Faster,” undated, http://www.marathonguide.com/history/records/index.cfm.
16. Kevin Quealy and Graham Roberts, “Usain Bolt vs. 116 Years of Olympic Sprinters,” New York Times, August 5, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/08/05/sports/olympics/the-100-meter-dash-one-race-every-medalist-ever.html?smid=fb-shar.
17. Theweek.com, “Usain Bolt’s Prodigious Speed: By the Numbers,” August 9, 2012, http://theweek.com/article/index/231813/usain-bolts-prodigious-speed-by-the-numbers.
18. Matthew Futterman, Jonathan Clegg, and Geoffrey A. Fowler, “An Olympics Built for Records,” Wall Street Journal, August 9, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10000872396390443991704577579320489432242.html.
19. Http://www.roadsters.com/750/.
20. The leader of the Bloodhound project is Richard Noble, see: http://www.bloodhoundssc.com. He also led the Thrust SSC, http://www.thrustssc.com/thrustssc/contents_frames.html.
Notes to Chapter 7
1. Roger Pielke Jr., “Looking into the Soul of Sport,” The Least Thing blog, October 15, 2012, http://leastthing.blogspot.com/2012/10/looking-into-soul-of-sport.html?spref=tw.
2. Tyler Hamilton and Daniel Coyle, The Secret Race: Inside the Hidden World of the Tour de France: Doping, Cover-ups, and Winning at All Costs (New York: Bantam Books, 2012), 185.
3. Ibid., 104.
4. Daily Telegraph, “Lance Armstrong’s Doctor Michele Ferarri Denies Seeing Disgraced Cyclist Use Performance-Enhancing Drugs,” December 14, 2012, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/cycling/lancearmstrong/9746608/Lance-Armstrongs-doctor-Michele-Ferrari-denies-seeing-disgraced-cyclist-use-performance-enhancing-drugs.html.
5. Hamilton and Coyle, The Secret Race, 104.
6. James Dao, “Watchdogs Seek Doping Clues from a Distance,” New York Times, July 17, 2013, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/sports/cycling/during-tour-de-france-watchdogs-seek-doping-clues-from-a-distance.html?ref=sports&pagewanted=all.
7. This data is from Austin-based amateur racer Frank Kurzawa, who continually monitors his power output while riding.
8. The Editors of Bicycling Magazine, The Noblest Invention: An Illustrated History of the Bicycle (United States: Rodale, 2003), 272.
9. James L. Witherell, Bicycle History: A Chronological Cycling History of People, Races, and Technology (Cherokee Village, AR: McGann, 2010), 46.
10. Ibid., 50.
11. FelixWong.com, “Tour de France Bicycles & Historical Bike Weights,” November 24, 2010, http://felixwong.com/2010/11/tour-de-france-bicycles-historical-bike-weights/.
12. Witherell, op. cit., 114.
13. FelixWong.com, “Tour de France Bicycles & Hist
orical Bike Weights,” November 24, 2010, http://felixwong.com/2010/11/tour-de-france-bicycles-historical-bike-weights/.
14. Ben Hewitt, “Tour de Lance,” Wired, July 2004, http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.07/armstrong.html.
15. Ibid.
16. For more on this see mapawatt.com. “How May Watts Can you Produce?” July 19, 2009, mapawatt.com/2009/07/19/bicycle-power-watts/.
17. James Huang, “Tour de France Winning Bikes,” Bikeradar.com, June 29, 2012, http://www.bikeradar.com/road/news/article/tour-de-france-winning-bikes-34375/.
18. Competitive Cyclist data, http://www.competitivecyclist.com/product-components/2012-Easton-EC90-SL-Carbon-Clincher-Wheelset-8815.41.1.html.
19. James L. Witherell, Bicycle History, 93.
20. Http://cyclinginfo.co.uk/blog/450/procycling/cycling-doping-scandals/.
21. James L. Witherell, Bicycle History, 150.
22. BBC.co.uk, “Jan Ullrich: Former Tour de France Winner Admits Blood Doping,” June 22, 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/23013133.
23. Guardian, “The Festina Affair,” July 9, 2008, http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/gallery/2008/jul/09/tourdefrance.cycling.
24. Oprah Winfrey, “Oprah Talks to Lance Armstrong,” O, The Oprah Magazine, May 2004.
25. Bonnie D. Ford, “Landis Admits Doping, Accuses Lance,” ESPN.com, May 21, 2010, http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/cycling/news/story?id=5203604.
26. Jonathan Vaughters, “How to Get Doping Out of Sports,” New York Times, August 12, 2012, 9.
27. CNN, “Lance Armstrong’s Epic Downfall,” October 22, 2012, http://edition.cnn.com/2012/10/22/sport/lance-armstrong-controversy/index.html.
28. David Bauder, “Lance to Oprah: Yes, Yes, Yes, Yes, and Yes,” Associated Press, January 18, 2013, http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/50508056/ns/sports-cycling/.
Notes to Chapter 8
1. Donald Hill, A History of Engineering in Classical and Medieval Times (London: Routledge, 1984), 145–146.
2. Kerry Harrison, “Irrigation Pumping Plants and Energy Use,” University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, undated, http://www.caes.uga.edu/publications/pubDetail.cfm?pk_id=6025.
3. Humandynamo.com, http://www.humandynamo.com/technical_info.html.
4. Vaclav Smil, Energies: An Illustrated Guide to the Biosphere and Civilization (Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999) 112.
5. Ibid., 117.
6. Ibid., 120–121.
7. Ibid., 123.
8. Mario Pozner, “Illustrated History of Wind Power Development,” undated, http://telosnet.com/wind/early.html.
9. Thomas Content, “State’s Tallest Wind Turbines to Begin Operating near Green Bay,” Journal Sentinel, November 10, 2010, http://www.jsonline.com/business/107011438.html.
10. Smil, Energies, 125.
11. Charles R. Morris, The Dawn of Innovation: The First American Industrial Revolution (New York: PublicAffairs, 2012), 100–103.
12. Ibid., 102.
13. Ibid., 43.
14. Performance Trends Inc., “Cylinder Pressure,” undated, http://performancetrends.com/Definitions/Cylinder-Pressure.html.
15. Http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Watt_by_Henry_Howard.jpg.
16. William Rosen, The Most Powerful Idea in the World: A Story of Steam, Industry, and Invention (New York: Random House, 2010), 103.
17. Ibid., 160.
18. Morris, The Dawn of Innovation, 43–44.
19. Carl Lira, “Biography of James Watt,” undated, http://www.egr.msu.edu/~lira/supp/steam/wattbio.html.
20. PBS.org, “Who Made America?” Profile of Fulton, undated, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/whomade/fulton_hi.html.
21. Invent.org, Fulton profile, undated, http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/268.html.
22. Michelle and James Nevius, “Robert Fulton and the Age of Steam,” Inside theApple.net, August 17, 2010, http://blog.insidetheapple.net/2010/08/robert-fulton-and-age-of-steam.html.
23. New York State Education Department, “Steamboats on the Hudson: An American Saga,” undated, http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/mssc/steamboats/amercit4.html.
24. Morris, op. cit., 175–176.
25. Jeff Goodell, Big Coal: The Dirty Secret Behind America’s Energy Future (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006), 75
26. Rosen, The Most Powerful Idea in the World, xxii.
27. Goodell, op. cit., 75.
28. Alex Epstein, “Vindicating Capitalism: The Real History of the Standard Oil Company,” The Objective Standard, Summer 2008, http://www.theobjectivestandard.com/issues/2008-summer/standard-oil-company.asp#_edn22.
29. Ron Chernow, Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. (New York: Vintage Books, 1998), 113.
30. Nicole Mordant, “Analysis: Crude-by-Rail Carves Out Long-term North American Niche,” Reuters, November 4, 2012, http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/04/us-railways-oil-northamerica-idUSBRE8A30AX20121104.
31. Adnan Vatansever, “Russia’s Oil Exports: Economic Rationale Versus Strategic Gains,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 2010, http://carnegieendowment.org/2010/12/15/russia-s-oil-exports-economic-rationale-versus-strategic-gains/oza.
32. Morris, The Dawn of Innovation, 177.
33. New England Wireless and Steam Museum, profile of George H. Corliss, http://www.newsm.org/steam-engines/george_h_corliss.html.
34. Morris, op. cit., 231.
35. Steven Ujifusa, “The Corliss Engine,” The Philly History Blog, May 18, 2010, http://www.phillyhistory.org/blog/index.php/2010/05/the-corliss-engine/.
36. Quoted by Steven Ujifusa, “The Corliss Engine.”
37. Morris, op. cit., 232.
38. Georg Auer, “A Genius Whose Three-wheeler Is Seen as the First Car,” Autonews.com, undated, http://www.autonews.com/files/euroauto/inductees/benz.html.
39. Vaclav Smil, Prime Movers of Globalization: The History and Impact of Diesel Engines and Gas Turbines (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2010), 29–30.
40. Roger Lowenstein, “The Crank That Set the World Rolling,” Wall Street Journal, May 11, 2013, C6, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324266904578456621170724926.html.
41. James E. McClellan III and Harold Dorn, Science and Technology in World History: An Introduction (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006), 340.
42. National Museum of the US Air Force data, http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=513.
43. Some steam-powered trains went faster than 60 mph. But for many rail operators, 60 mph was a practical limit. For more, see Mike’s Railway History, “Locomotive Speed Records,” undated, http://mikes.railhistory.railfan.net/r070.html.
44. F1technical.net, “Formula One Engines,” undated, http://www.f1technical.net/articles/4;Formula1.com, “Formula One Fuel and Oil—F1’s Top Secret Tuning Aids,” undated, http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2011/9/12524.html.
45. Author interview with Huibregtse by the author.
46. Google Finance data, http://www.google.com/finance?q=f&ed=us&ei=W-UJUYiMCZ6-lgOUzwE.
47. Google Finance data, http://www.google.com/finance?q=NYSE%3AF&fstype=ii&ed=us&ei=g-UJUbC9EJGClgOLGA.
48. Inflation-adjusted values calculated using The Inflation Calculator at http://www.westegg.com/inflation/infl.cgi.
49. Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Henry_Ford_and_Barney_Oldfield_with_Old_999,_1902.jpg.
50. For current Ford prices, see cars.com.
51. Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T.
52. Ford.com, http://www.ford.com/cars/fiesta/specifications/.
53. Ford.com for the Fiesta specs: http://www.ford.com/cars/fiesta/specifications/. For the Model T specs, see: http://www.mtfca.com/discus/messages/29/34854.html?1188329164.
54. Max Giles, “Ford’s 1.0-liter EcoBoost Wins Engine of the Year,” Autoweek.com, June 5, 2013, http://www.autoweek.com/article/20130605/CARNEWS/130609916.
55. Here’s the math: 22 hp in
the Model T divided by 2.9 l = 7.6 hp/l. The Focus engine produces 123 hp/l. Thus, 118 / 7.6 = 15.5. For the Model T efficiency, see Ford.com, http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=858, which says the first Model T got between 13 and 21 mpg. For the EcoBoost, combined mileage is 32 to 41 mpg. See: Ray Hutton, “2012 Ford Focus 1.0L EcoBoost,” Car and Driver, May 2012, http://www.caranddriver.com/news/2012-ford-focus-10l-ecoboost-first-drive-review.
56. Ford.com, http://corporate.ford.com/news-center/press-releases-detail/pr-ford26rsquos-10liter-ecoboost-wins-36658.
57. Http://www.performanceoiltechnology.com/syntheticoilandturbochargers.html.
58. Ray Hutton, “2012 Ford Focus 1.0L EcoBoost.”
59. Ford.com, http://www.at.ford.com/news/cn/Pages/Ford%20Focus%201–0-litre%20EcoBoost%20Sets%2016%20World%20Speed%20Records.aspx.
Notes to Chapter 9
1. Apple press release, March 28, 2011, http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/03/28Apple-Worldwide-Developers-Conference-to-Kick-Off-June-6-at-Moscone-West-in-San-Francisco.html.
2. David Gardner, “Gaunt and frail, cancer battle takes its toll on Steve Jobs in first picture since he left Apple,” Daily Mail, August 28, 2011, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2031100/Gaunt-frail-cancer-battle-takes-toll-Steve-Jobs-picture-left-Apple.html.
3. Thenextweb.com, “Steve Jobs’ Last Public Appearance,” October 7, 2011, http://thenextweb.com/apple/2011/10/07/steve-jobs-last-public-appearance-video/.
4. Rich Miller, “Steve Jobs Provides a Look Inside the iDataCenter,” Data Center Knowledge, June 6, 2011, http://www.datacenterknowledge.com/archives/2011/06/06/steve-jobs-provides-a-look-inside-the-idatacenter/. For size of Walmart stores, see: Reuters, http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WMT.N.
5. CloudTweaks.com, http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2012/05/review-of-the-top-cloud-storage-providers-in-the-consumer-segment/. See also: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-HK/skydrive/any-file-anywhere.
6. The 500,000 photo estimate comes from Flickr, based on 6.5 megapixel photos. See: flickr.com.
7. mkomo.com, “A History of Storage Cost,” undated, http://www.mkomo.com/cost-per-gigabyte.