spectacular kind of sport: Wide World of Sports, ABC TV, April 1972.
Send us our POWs: Eckstein, “Ping Pong Diplomacy.”
had a red coat on it: Boggan, Grand Tour, chap. 2.
didn’t want to take a chance: Ibid.
a motherfucking racist bastard: Author interview with Tim Boggan, November 18, 2012.
Sweeris over George Brathwaite: John Tannehill, interview, transcript, Box 19, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Hitler Killed Jews: Author interview with Judy Bochenski, August 9, 2012.
How do you like American food: Boggan, Grand Tour, chap. 2.
Chapter 48 | Capital Performance
served by candlelight: English-language CCTV documentary, Central Newsreel and Documentary Film Studio, People’s Republic of China, September 1972.
thought it was beautiful: Author interview with Zheng Huaiying, November 10, 2011.
Every morning, when Edwards: Vee-ling Edwards, interview, transcript, Box 19, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
stood up in a Virginia restaurant: “Chinese Team Arrives in DC,” Washington Post, April 17, 1972.
Home on the Range: “Bless the Beasts and the Ping-Pong Players,” Los Angeles Times, April 19, 1972.
Merrily, merrily, merrily: Edwards, interview, National Archive on Sino-American Relations.
Would you believe it!: Jose Yglesias, “Chinese Ping-Pong Players vs. the Press: Love All,” New York Times, May 14, 1972.
Kill Mao!: Author interview with Jan Berris, March 13, 2011.
bought a block of seats: Bob Kaminsky, interview, transcript, Box 19, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
heckled the team: Ruth Eckstein, “Ping Pong Diplomacy: A View from Behind the Scenes,” report, April 16, 1990, William J. Cunningham Papers.
inscrutable and imperturbable: Yglesias, “Chinese Ping-Pong Players vs. the Press: Love All.”
called out the National Guard: “Bombs on Hanoi; Explosions at Home,” New York Times, April 23, 1972.
as rock-throwing student groups: “200 Are Arrested Near White House,” New York Times, April 16, 1972.
White House was surrounded: Author interview with Rory Hayden, June 12, 2011.
Rose Garden was in bloom: “Chinese Team Greeted by President,” New York Times, April 19, 1972.
the first group from the People’s Republic: “Chinese Team Arrives in DC.”
the course of your contest: Boggan, Grand Tour, chap. 5.
Come enter the free world!: Author interview with Zhuang Xielin, May 6, 2011.
the American way of doing things: Author interview with Li Furong, May 2011.
didn’t know you were here: Boggan, Grand Tour, chap. 5.
I wondered who you were: Yglesias, “Chinese Ping-Pong Players vs. the Press: Love All.”
It was awful: Author interview with Marcia Burick, March 28, 2011.
the bombing of Haiphong: Author interview with Perry Link, April 19, 2011.
we’d like you to come: Edwards, interview, National Archive on Sino-American Relations.
Chapter 49 | United Nations
accompanied by circling helicopters: Vee-ling Edwards, interview, transcript, Box 19, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
more than two hundred: “China Table Tennis Lights Up Cole Field House,” Washington Post, April 17, 1972.
followed the Chinese bus: Jan Berris, speech, August 28, 2012, Chinese Consulate, New York, NY.
weren’t interested in covering the American: Author interview with Marcia Burick, March 28, 2011.
cause more countries: Lijuan, He Zhenliang, 235.
world headquarters of Holiday Inn: Jose Yglesias, “Chinese Ping-Pong Players vs. the Press: Love All,” New York Times, May 14, 1972.
this grand design: Edwards, interview, National Archive on Sino-American Relations.
their antebellum costumes: Burick, interview.
reminder of the Vietnam war: Yglesias, “Chinese Ping-Pong Players vs. the Press: Love All.”
a dolphin named Peppy: Herman Wong, “Chinese Players Turn from Table Tennis to Fun,” Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1972.
were greeted by Mickey Mouse: “Disneyland Shatters Chinese Stoic Calm,” Los Angeles Times, April 27, 1972.
swirling giant teacups: “China’s Ping-Pong Team Gets Warm Disney Welcome,” Los Angeles Times, April 26, 1972.
large, fat man standing right there: Author interview with Doug Spelman, March 20, 2011.
the middle of a mystery: Boggan, Grand Tour, chap. 8.
not a golfer among them: Author interview with Zhuang Xielin, May 6, 2011.
We don’t have peasants: Rufford Harrison, interview by William Cunningham, June 14, 1999, transcript, tape 3, 14–15, William J. Cunningham Papers.
interpreter spoke no Spanish: English-language CCTV documentary, Central Newsreel and Documentary Film Studio, People’s Republic of China, September 1972.
with a sacred song: Ruth Eckstein, “Ping Pong Diplomacy: A View from Behind the Scenes,” report, April 16, 1990, William J. Cunningham Papers.
the majority of Americans: Alexander Eckstein, Letter to the Editor, New York Times, August 20, 1972.
Do you know what a ‘sacrifice’ is: Burick, interview.
Chapter 50 | The Hippie Opportunist
at least Cowan was still representing: Graham Steenhoven, interview, transcript, Box 20, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
I could mediate: Boggan, Ping-Pong Oddity, chap. 15.
being cold-shouldered: Department of State to Henry Kissinger, memo, NARA RG59, National Archives, Washington, DC.
turn into a money-maker: “Move Over, Aunt Mildred—Sandpaper Paddles Are OUT,” Los Angeles Times, July 11, 1971.
asked to shoot a pilot: “A Ping-Pong Star’s Get-Rich Plans,” BusinessWeek, May 8, 1971.
a hippie opportunist: Boggan, Ping-Pong Oddity, chap. 1.
We’re so proud of you: Glenn Cowan, appearance on Dinah’s Place, NBC, May 25, 1971.
followed by a reporter: Table Tennis Topics, July–August 1971.
interviewed by Barbara Walters: Author interview with Judy Bochenski, August 9, 2012.
He’d be invited onto talk shows: John Tannehill, interview, transcript, Box 19, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Orange County Teen-Age Fair: “Variety Feature at Teen Fair,” Los Angeles Times, July 7, 1971.
judging a fashion show: “Show Staged on Bicycles,” Los Angeles Times, September 20, 1971.
he was caught on film swearing: Boggan, History of US Table Tennis, Vol. VI, chap. 11.
bipolar and schizophrenic: David Davis, “Broken Promise,” Los Angeles Magazine, August 1, 2006.
Russian spies planting stuff: Author interview with Keith Cowan, June 29, 2011.
Pot was his thing: “Opening Volley,” Sports Illustrated, June 11, 2008.
he had freaked out: Ibid.
declared bankruptcy: Tannehill, interview, National Archive on Sino-American Relations.
the toughest guy: Author interview with Sandy Lechtick, June 26, 2011.
nothing in the world: “Opening Volley.”
you’ve got to give up: Cowan, interview.
he sold shoes: Ibid.
attempt at a comeback: Davis, “Broken Promise.”
asking about an ivory carving: Author interview with Qian Jiang, May 2, 2011.
Cowan had had to explain who he was: Boggan, Ping-Pong Oddity, chap. 15.
After China, everything seemed: Davis, “Broken Promise.”
what the Paris peace talks: Ibid.
When I die: Boggan, History of US Table Tennis, Vol. VI, chap. 24.
Chapter 51 | The Heights
an anonymous building: “Cultural
Revolution Villain or Victim? Zhuang Pleads His Case Forty Years On,” The Times (London), February 17, 2007.
murmuring niceties: William Johnson, “Gentle Tigers of the Tables,” Sports Illustrated, April 1972.
treated Bush to a long harangue: Bush, China Diary, 211.
I like the man: Bush, China Diary, 60.
red flags fluttered: “Peking Cheers US Victors; AAU Stars May Not Try,” New York Times, May 28, 1975.
meditating by the side: “China Plans a Leap Forward in Track and Field,” New York Times, June 8, 1975.
Chairman Mao approached: Author interview with Zheng Minzhi, November 10, 2011.
until later in the year: Ibid.
omnipresent shadows: Chen, One in a Billion, 68.
Chapter 52 | The Costs
dragging carts of manure: Susan Brownell, “Globalization Is Not a Dinner Party,” paper presented at Conference on Globalization and Sport in Historical Context, University of California, San Diego, March 2005.
decadent bourgeois habits: Chen, One in a Billion, 73.
receiving blood transfusions: Zhisui, Private Life of Chairman Mao, 593.
overseeing all sports: Lijuan, He Zhenliang, 131. Deng Xiaoping was put in charge of all sports work in January 1974.
main rival in the race: “Zhuang Zedong,” Newsweek China, June 3, 2011.
only one center of power: Reuters, “Ping-Pong Diplomat Left Out in the Cold,” August 7, 2008.
where he was filmed playing: Witke, Comrade Chiang Ch’ing, 400.
become Jiang’s “cat’s paw”: “Table Tennis Champ Loses in Politics,” Los Angeles Times, December 14, 1976.
was a huge honor: “Cultural Revolution Villain or Victim? Zhuang Pleads His Case Forty Years On,” The Times (London), February 17, 2007.
beaten around the head: Ibid.
didn’t know whether to laugh: Susan Brownell, “A Look Back at the Tangshan Earthquake and the Montreal Olympics,” The China Beat blog, May 14, 2008, http://thechinabeat.blogspot.com/2008/05/look-back-at-tangshan-earthquake-and.html, quoting from the censored material in the English edition of He Zhenliang’s memoir.
most miserable victim: Kai Chen, My Way, New Tang Dynasty TV, 2009, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yh_OH3KSwUE&list=PL540F8E044EB115C&index=10.
You keep on having to wake people up: Ivor Montagu, interview, London Broadcasting Corporation, September 1976.
When he said ‘Bite,’ I bit: MacMillan, Nixon and Mao, 281.
paraded on the streets: Heng and Shapiro, Son of the Revolution, 264.
forced to appear: “Table Tennis Champ Loses in Politics.”
a fascist dictatorship: “Purge of Chiang China and Three Other Chinese Leaders Being Extended to the Culture and Sports Agencies,” New York Times, December 7, 1976.
spending five peaceful minutes: Author interview with Marcia Burick, March 28, 2011.
in a cramped room: “Cultural Revolution Villain or Victim?”
not allowed to play table tennis: Reuters, “Ping-Pong Diplomat Left Out in the Cold.”
The book taught me to hope: “Cultural Revolution Villain or Victim?”
He was exiled to Shanxi: Zedong, Deng Xiaoping Approved Our Marriage, 18.
a lifetime in second place: Author interview with Liang Youneng, November 7, 2011.
he had turned down: Author interview with Xu Shaofa, May 3, 2011.
against all three: Ibid.
caused anybody to die: “Zhuang Zedong.”
sparring partner: Table Tennis Topics, November–December 1972.
Tan found himself in Macau: Shih Pen-shan (as told to Lester Velie), “I Fought in Red China’s Sports War,” Reader’s Digest, June 1967. Shih Pen-shan is an alias confirmed to be used by Tan Cho Lin by both Tim Boggan (author interview, November 18, 2010) and Graham Steenhoven (interview, transcript, Box 20, National Archive on Sino-American Relations, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI).
an ancient scooter: J. D. Ratcliff, “Out through the Bamboo Curtain,” Reader’s Digest, August 1966.
not be included in any friendly matches: Table Tennis Topics, November–December 1972.
keep him company: Table Tennis Topics, September–October 1973.
we need to find a bigger room: Author interview with anonymous source.
Zhuang Zedong was allowed: Author interview with Qian Jiang, May 3, 2011.
The midnight shadows: Author interview with Liang Geliang, May 5, 2011.
not with Zhuang Zedong: Youneng, interview.
seemed cool to him: Tim Boggan, “Ping-Pong Diplomacy’s Reunion in Beijing,” 2006, http://www.bumpernets.com/store/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=70.
Cowan’s mother wept: Ibid.
Can you imagine: “China’s Ping-Pong Diplomat, Zhuang Zedong,” October 2009, http://en.showchina.org/03/audio/200910/t429748.htm.
be funding his ongoing treatments: Patrick Tan, “Zhuang Zedong Struggling against Cancer,” September 19, 2012, http://tabletennista.com/2012/9/zhuang-zedong-struggling-against-cancer-ph/.
often ignored Zhuang: Author interview with anonymous source.
list of Zhuang’s hospital visitors: China News Agency, October 15, 2012, http://www.chinanews.com/shipin/cnstv/2012/10-15/news107658.shtml.
The Cold War: Elaine Woo, “Zhuang Zedong Dies at 72,” Los Angeles Times, February 12, 2013.
the whole country won: “China’s Pingpong Diplomat, Zhuang Zedong.”
Epilogue
a weapon for peace: Ivor Montagu, “The Task of the Sportsmen for Peace,” undated, Box 3.4, Montagu Collection, Labour History Archive and Study Centre, Manchester, UK.
Few men have achieved: C. M. Woodhouse, Book Review, TLS, July 9, 1970.
told more lies: “Red Ping-Pong Blue,” The Observer, June 7, 1970.
the squad to London Zoo: “The Chinese Tour,” Table Tennis, January 1972.
pottering about: “Ivor Goldsmid Samuel Montagu,” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/31459.
the only one of his relatives: Author interview with Nicole Montagu, July 7, 2011.
so many injustices: Ibid.
never forget Ivor Montagu: Author interview with Yao, November 9, 2011.
Selected Bibliography
Books
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Auden, W. H. and Christopher Isherwood. Journey to a War. New York: Paragon House, 1990.
Becker, Jasper. Hungry Ghosts: Mao’s Secret Famine. New York: Owl Books, 1998.
Belden, Jack. China Shakes the World. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1970.
Benton, Gregor, and Lin Chun, eds. Was Mao Really a Monster? New York: Routledge, 2010.
Bergmann, Richard. Twenty-One Up. London: Sporting Handbooks, 1950.
Bo, Ma. Blood Red Sunset: A Memoir of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. New York: Viking, 1995.
Boggan, Tim. History of U.S. Table Tennis, Vol. VI: 1970–1973. Self-published, 2006.
———. History of U.S. Table Tennis, Vol. V: 1971–1975. Self-published, 2005.
———. The Grand Tour. Self-published, 1972.
———. Ping-Pong Oddity. Self-published, 1971.
Bosshardt, R. A. The Restraining Hand. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1936.
Braun, Otto. A Communist Agent in China, 1932–1939. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1982.
Brownell, Susan. Training the Body for China: Sports in the Moral Order of the People’s Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.
Burr, William, ed. The Kissinger Transcripts: The Top-Secret Talks with Beijing and Moscow. New York: New Press, 1998.
Bush, George, H. W. The China Diary of George H. W. Bush: The Making of a Global President. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
———. All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings. New York: Scribner, 1999.
Cao, Guanlong. The Attic: Memoir of a Chinese Lan
dlord’s Son. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Carr, E. H. Twilight of the Comintern, 1930–1935. New York: Pantheon, 1982.
Carter, Carolle J. Mission to Yan’an: American Liaison with the Chinese Communists, 1944–1947. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1997.
Chang, Jung. Wild Swans: Three Daughters of China. New York: Touchstone, 2003.
Chang, Jung and Jon Halliday. Mao: The Unknown Story. London: Jonathan Cape, 2005.
Charyn, Jerome. Sizzling Chops and Devilish Spins: Ping-Pong and the Art of Staying Alive. New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2002.
Chen, Kai. One in a Billion: Journey toward Freedom. Bloomington, IN: Authorhouse, 2007.
Clark, Ronald. J.B.S.: The Life and Work of J. B. S. Haldane. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1968.
Clodfelter, Micheal. Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000. Vol. 2. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 2002.
Cowan, Glenn. The Book of Table Tennis: How to Play the Game. New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1972.
Crayden, Ron. The Story of Table Tennis: The First 100 Years. Hastings, UK: Battle Instant Print, 1995.
Crossman, Richard, ed. The God That Failed: Six Studies in Communism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001.
de Beauvoir, Simone. The Long March: An Account of Modern China. London: Phoenix Press, 2001.
Dikötter, Frank. Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962. New York: Walker & Co., 2010.
Ding Shu De, Zhu Qing Zuo, Wang Lian Fang, and Yuan Hai Lu. The Chinese Book of Table Tennis: The Definitive Book on Techniques and Tactics from the World’s Top Table Tennis Nation. New York: Atheneum, 1981.
Domes, Jürgen. Peng Te-huai: The Man and the Image. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1985.
Ebon, Martin. The Soviet Propaganda Machine. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Estes, Dana. A Little Book of Ping-Pong Verse. Boston: Colonial Press, 1902.
Evans, Roy. Coloured Pins on a Map: Around the World with Table Tennis. Cardiff, UK: Aureus, 1997.
Foote, Alexander. Handbook for Spies. Darke County, OH: Coachwhip Books, 2011.
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