Tokyo, which also saw: Tokyo Statistical Yearbook 2005, http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/tnenkan/2005/tn05qyte0510b.htm.
“filter out distractions”: Dawn Foster, “Why I Love My iPod (Yes, This Is Work-Related),” Web Worker Daily, January 2, 2009, http://webworkerdaily.com/2009/01/02/ why-i-love-my-ipod-yes-this-is-work-related/. See comments especially.
one in ten: Gina Hughes, “One in 10 Minor Traffic Accidents Caused by ‘Podestrians,’” Yahoo Tech blog, October 9, 2008, http://tech.yahoo.com/blogs/hughes/34543.
When Dirksen Bauman: Dirksen Bauman, interview by author, winter 2009.
nine states banned the use: Joyce Purnick, “Council Bill Seeks Headphone Curbs,” New York Times, August 19, 1982.
Woodbridge, New Jersey, went further: “Jersey Township Passes Curb on Headphones,” New York Times, July 12, 1982.
The most authoritative: “New iPod Listening Study Shows Surprising Behavior of Teens,” ScienceDaily, February 28, 2009, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090218135054.htm.
Chapter Nine: Home Front
Noise-Con 2008: Noise-Con 2008, Hyatt Regency, Dearborn, Michigan, July 28–31, 2008.
when John Deere proudly: Marlund Hale, “Noise Control Foundation Session One,” panel discussion at Noise-Con 2008, July 29, 2008.
“viscoelastic material”: Green Glue, http://www.greengluecompany.com.
the giant theater of Epidaurus: “Ancient Greek Amphitheater: Why You Can Hear from Back Row,” ScienceDaily, April 6, 2007, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070404162237.htm.
by way of “pugging”: Theodore H. M. Prudon, “Deafening: An Early Form of Sound Insulation,” Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology 7, 4 (1975): 5–13.
“SILENCE, SILENCE”: Thomas Carlyle to Geraldine E. Jewsbury, June 15, 1840, The Carlyle Letters Online: A Victorian Cultural Reference (Durham, NC: Duke University Press), http://carlyleletters.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/full/12/1/lt-18400615-TC-GEJ-01?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%22SILENCE+SILENCE%22&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT.
“vile yellow Italian”: John M. Picker, “The Soundproof Study: Victorian Professionals, Work Space, and Urban Noise,” Victorian Studies 42, 3 (April 1, 1999): 427–53. The subsequent quotation from the City Press is also taken from Picker’s wonderful essay, which helped shape my thoughts on the Victorian soundproofing enterprise.
“We are again building”: Thomas Carlyle to James Marshall, September 19, 1853, The Carlyle Letters Online, http://carlyleletters.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/1/lt-18530919-TC-JMA-01?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=We+are+again+building &searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT.
“Irish laborers fetching”: Ibid., Jane Carlyle to Thomas Carlyle, December 19, 1853, under Sourcenote, http://carlyleletters.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/1/lt-18531219-JWC-TC-01?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%22our+house+once+more+a+mere+dust-cloud&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT.
“Now that I feel”: Ibid., Jane Carlyle to John A. Carlyle, July 27, 1852, http://carlyleletters.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/1/lt-18520727-JWC-JAC-01?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%22Now+that+I+feel+the+noise%22&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype= HWCIT.
shut himself up: “Carlyle’s Soundproof Room,” New York Times, February 24, 1886.
“was a flattering delusion”: Jane Carlyle to Thomas Carlyle, July 21, 1853, The Carlyle Letters Online, under Sourcenote, http://carlyleletters.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/1/lt-18530721-JWC-TC-01?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=%22was+a+flattering+delusion%22&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT#FN6_REF.
Franz Kafka grew reliant: Franz Kafka, Letters to Felice, Erich Heller and Jurgen Börn, eds., James Stern and Elizabeth Duckworth, trans. (New York: Schocken Books, 1973), 449.
Floyd Watson, author of: Floyd Watson, Sound-proof Partitions: An Investigation of the Acoustic Properties of Various Building Materials with Practical Applications (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Bulletin, March 1922), http://www.archive.org/stream/soundproofpartit00watsuoft#page/n1/mode/2up.
When Shepherd Ivory Franz: Shepherd Ivory Franz, “A Noiseless Room for Sound Experiments,” Science 26, 677 (December 20, 1977): 878–81.
“There is always something”: John Cage, Silence (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1961), 8.
“thick, elastic cushion”: advertisement, Western Architect & Engineer 52–53 (1918): 152.
“If it isn’t sound-proof”: Ibid.
A captain affiliated: “Use Seaweed for Soundproofing,” New York Times, February 17, 1929.
At a London trade show: “Silent House Shown: Doors of One at London Can Be Slammed Without Noise,” New York Times, September 21, 1930.
Even the stolid United States: “Problem of Sound-Proof House Engages Bureau of Standards,” New York Times, October 2, 1927.
A new chapel at Sing Sing: “Sing Sing Chapel Opened: Sound-Proof Partitions Permit Two Services There at One Time,” New York Times, September 2, 1929.
“We don’t need any more”: “Lighter Views of Life in New York City,” New York Times, May 2, 1909.
“Preventing noise”: R. V. Parsons, Station WJZ, December 26, 1929. Transcript in City Noise: The Report of the Commission Appointed by Dr. Shirley W. Wynne, Commission of Health, to Study Noise in New York City and to Develop Means of Abating It, Edward F. Brown et al., eds. (New York: Department of Health, 1930), 238.
“punctuated by the penetrating: “Anti-Noise Experts Experiment in Secret: Find Their Sound-Proof Room a ‘Torture Chamber’ When City’s Clamor Is Reproduced There,” New York Times, April 24, 1930.
scientists from the Tokyo Hygienic: “Longer Life Amidst Noise but Bad Effects Noted Also,” The Science News-Letter 30, 802 (August 22, 1936): 119.
“You can make your own”: Super Soundproofing Community Forum, May 7, 2008, http://supersoundproofing.com/forum/index.php?topic=2262.0.
already patented Silence Machine: Marina Murphy, “‘Silence Machine’ Zaps Unwanted Noise,” New Scientist (March 28, 2002).
“a very, very, very large”: Andy Pollack, interview by author, 2009.
“the quietest products”: Jeff Szymanski, Noise Control Foundation, Session One, panel discussion at Noise-Con 2008, July 29, 2008.
Chapter Ten: This Is War!
“Clamor Against Noise”: Gladwin Hill, “Clamor Against Noise Rises Around the Globe,” New York Times, September 3, 1972.
On October 1, 1935: “Mayor La Guardia’s Plea and Proclamation in War on Noise,” New York Times, October 1, 1935.
a total of 5,317 warnings: “Whole City Joins in War on Noise,” New York Times, October 6, 1935.
ballooned to 20,546: “It’s Still Bedlam-on-the-Subway,” New York Times, September 29, 1940.
“Make Rome as Quiet”: Arnaldo Cortesi, “Rome a New City in Humbler Things,” New York Times, September 10, 1933.
my great-grandfather: “Physicians Combine to Abolish Noise,” New York Times, August 5, 1912.
During the late 1960s: Catrice Jefferson, e-mail to author, June 2009. Ken Feith’s summary of the history of the Noise Control Act was redacted for me by Catrice Jefferson, his very helpful colleague.
Russell Train, who served: Russell Train, interview by author, spring 2008.
Dr. Rokhu Kim: Dr. Rokhu Kim, interview by author and e-mail to author, 2008–2009. Kim was immensely helpful in my research into the WHO’s noise policy efforts and the place of those efforts in the larger configuration of European environmental agencies.
“So I guess he”: “Pacoima Man Shot to Death Over Loud Car Stereo,” CBS Broadcasting, Inc., August 13, 2008, http://current.com/items/89203218_ pacoima-man-shot-to-death-over-loud-car-stereo.htm.
“Currently we have been”: Captain Stitler, interview by author, spring 2009.
using the Internet: Catrice Jefferson, presentation at Noise-Con 2008, Hyatt Regency, Dearbo
rn, Michigan, July 29, 2008.
“sounding within public”: Henry Strauss, “The Law and Noise: Wartime Regulations,” Quiet 2, no. 12 (March 1941): pp. 13–14.
completed an MD: Mrs. John A. Logan, The Part Taken by Women in American History (Wilmington, DE: Perry-Nalle Publishing Co., 1912), 602. Additional background biographical material appears in the entry on Mrs. Isaac Rice.
“the finest view”: Christopher Gray, “A Fading Reminder of Turn-of-the-Century Elegance,” New York Times, August 24, 1997.
of solid rock: batgirl, “Rice’s Gambit,” Chess.com, September 29, 2008, http://blog.chess.com/batgirl/rices-gambit.
In the summer of 1905: Mrs. Isaac Rice, “An Effort to Suppress Noise,” Forum 37, 4 (April 1906). This article by Rice recounts in detail the history of her fight against tugboat noise.
“useless and indiscriminate”: “River Craft Ordered to End Their Noise,” New York Times, November 25, 1906.
occasional churlish skipper: “Two Skippers Up for Loud Tooting,” New York Times, May 9, 1907.
Rice was voted: “Mrs. Rice Put at Head of Anti-Noise Society,” New York Times, January 15, 1907.
reproduced the noises: “Canned Din Phonograph,” New York Times, October 31, 1908.
hospital quiet zones: “Makes Quiet Zones for City Hospitals,” New York Times, June 24, 1907.
“that deplorable craving”: Mrs. Isaac Rice, “The Children’s Hospital Branch of the Society for the Supression of Unnecessary Noise,” Forum 39, 4 (April 1908). The essay describes this campaign in detail.
“efforts were baffled”: Frank Parker, “The War,” The New McClure’s (December 1928). I later discovered that the automobile was also identified as the source of the society’s collapse in Mrs. Isaac Rice’s New York Times obituary, published November 5, 1929.
the first private: batgirl, “Rice’s Gambit.”
“high-handed outrage”: “Automobile Cars Barred: Jefferson Seligman and Isaac L. Rice Lose Park Permits,” New York Times, December 16, 1899.
Their daughter Dorothy: Frank L. Valiant, “Motor Cycling Fad Strikes Fair Sex,” New York Times, January 15, 1911.
One madcap flight: “From Her Sick Bed Plans New Flights,” New York Times, November 28, 1916.
“fifty-five sensation”: E. E. Free, “How Noisy Is New York?,” Forum 75, 3 (February 1926): 21–24.
“a strangely fitted”: Shirley H. Wynne, “Saving New York from Its Own Raucous Din,” New York Times, August 3, 1930.
“environmental noise monitoring”: Jim Weir, interview by author, spring 2008.
“They order these things”: Mrs. Isaac Rice, “An Effort to Suppress Noise.”
Manvell told me: Doug Manvell, interview by author, B&K plant and at Colin Nugent’s EU office. I also carried on an e-mail correspondence with Manvell and I am grateful for the investment of time and energy he made to help me understand both B&K’s business and the larger EU noise-mapping initiative.
European Noise Directive: European Commission/European Union, documents of European Union Noise Policy, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/noise/directive.htm.
“The experienced Harley”: “Harley-Davidson: The Sound of a Legend,” Automotive Industries (November 2002), http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3012/is_11_182/ai_95614097/?tag=content;col1.
the noise of Jaguar: Paul Jennings, interview by author, spring 2008.
historical soundscaping: Max Dixon, e-mail to author. My understanding of the potential of soundscaping was hugely assisted by e-mail exchanges with Max Dixon, who provided me with many key references and who also was instrumental in expanding my grasp of quiet spaces. Colin Grimwood, who introduced me to Max Dixon, also provided me with important insights into these subjects, in particular the idea of iconic sounds.
areas with sound barriers: Jian Kang, Wei Yang, and Dr. Mei Zhang, “Sound Environment and Acoustic Comfort in Urban Spaces,” in Designing Open Spaces in the Urban Environment: A Bioclimatic Approach, Dr. Marialena Nikopoulou, ed. (Center for Renewable Energy Sources, 2004), 32–37, http://alpha.cres.gr/ruros/dg_en.pdf.
while falling water: G. R. Watts et al., “Investigation of Water Generated Sounds for Masking Noise and Improving Tranquillity,” presented at Inter-Noise 2008: From Silence to Harmony, Shanghai, China, October 26–29, 2008, http://tadn.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/in08_0375.pdf.
Honda recently paid: The Gigdoggy blog, “Groove Encrusted Asphalt to Bring Musical Roads at the Top of the Charts,” September 23, 2008, http://gigdoggy.wordpress.com/2008/09/23/groove-encrusted-asphalt-to-bring-musical-roads-at-the-top-of-the-charts/. The fate of this project was explained to me by Claire Shepherd of Bureau Veritas Acoustics and Vibration Group.
“Art of Cartography”: “Jorge Luis Borges, “On Exactitude in Science,” Andrew Hurtey, trans. in Collector Fiction (New York: Viking, 1998), 325.
“All in all”: Colin Nugent, interviews by author, 2008–2009. In addition to interviewing Nugent in Copenhagen in 2008, we conducted a phone interview and e-mail exchange in 2009 in the course of which he helped me follow the progress of the END.
In 2012, member states: Europa: Summaries of EU Legislation, http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/environment/noise_pollution/121180_en.htm.
specific health hazards: Dr. Wolfgang Babisch, Transportation Noise and Cardiovascular Risk (Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, January 2006).
stringent set of noise: Noise Night Guidelines for Europe (World Health Organization, 2007), http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_projects/2003/action3/docs/2003_08_frep_en.pdf.
The cost of noise mapping: John Hinton, e-mail to author. Estimate given me in e-mail exchange with Hinton, who created the pioneering Birmingham noise map.
“Important as the measurement”: Henry J. Spooner, “The Progress of Noise Abatement,” in City Noise II, James Flexner, ed. (New York: Department of Health, 1932), 27–37.
“How solemn it is”: Søren Kierkegaard, “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air,” in The Essential Kierkegaard, Howard V. Hong and Edna H. Hong, eds. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980), 335.
Chapter Eleven: The Dragon Trap
“do away with unnecessary”: City Noise: The Report of the Commission Appointed by Dr. Shirley W. Wynne, Commission of Health, to Study Noise in New York City and to Develop Means of Abating It, Edward F. Brown et al., eds. (New York: Department of Health, 1930), 273.
“Behold the noise”: City Noise II, James Flexner, ed. (New York: Department of Health, 1932).
conversation with Michael Merzenich: Michael Merzenich, interview by author, fall 2008.
reportedly some 75 percent: Marie Evans Schmidt et al., “The Effects of Background Television on the Toy Play Behavior of Very Young Children,” www.srcd.org/journals/cdev/0-0/Schmidt.pdf.
a study at the Children’s: “Brains of Autistic Children Slower at Processing Sound,” New Scientist (December 1, 2008), http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16174-brains-of-autistic-children-slower-at-processing-sound.html.
guardian of the enlightened teacher: Japanese Buddhist Statuary, http://www.onmarkproductions.com/html/dragon.shtml.
the splendid Portland Japanese Garden: Virginia Harmon, e-mail to author, winter 2009. I visited the Portland Japanese Garden early in 2009. I subsequently carried on an e-mail exchange with Harmon in which she elaborated on some of the ideas she presented during our tours and pointed me to various references.
Musō Soseki gathered: Graham Parkes, “Further Reflection on the Rock Garden of Ryōanji: From Yūgen to Kire-tsuzuki,” in The Aesthetic Turn: Reading Eliot Deutsch on Comparative Philosophy, Roger T. Ames, ed. (Peru, IL: Open Court Publishing Company, 2000), 15–17.
“multiplicity of perspectives”: Eliot Deutsch, Studies in Comparative Aesthetics (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1975), 25–32.
aesthetic of imperfection: Yuriko Saito, “The Japanese Aesthetics of Imperfection and Insufficiency,” The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 55, 4 (Autumn 1997): 377–85.
“If man were never to fade”: Ibid., 382.
“an institution that made”: A. L. Sadler, “The Tea Philosophy of Japan, a Western Evaluation,” Pacific Affairs 2, 10 (October 1929): 635–44.
“I’ve resigned myself”: Hansel Bauman, interview by author, 2009. I conducted multiple interviews with Bauman in 2009. It is impossible to overstate the importance of the insights he provided me in shaping my thoughts on Deaf Space and the architectural tradition that project engages with.
“When the brain”: Michael Chorost, interview by author, August 24, 2009.
“The privation of hearing”: The Deaf Experience: Classics in Language and Education, Harlan Lane, ed. (Washington, DC: Gallaudet University Press, 2006), 37.
“children born to opulence”: Jonathan Rée, I See a Voice: Deafness, Language and the Senses—A Philosophical History (New York: Metropolitan Books, 1999), 185–86.
a Deaf school in: M. Miles, “Deaf People Living and Communicating in African Histories, c. 960s–1960s,” Independent Living Institute (2005), http://www.independentliving.org/docs7/miles2005a.html.
Toni Lacolucci was training: Toni Lacolucci, interview by author, 2008. She gave generously of her time and energy on numerous occasions to help me understand her experience of deafness. She also helped me form my initial contacts at Gallaudet University.
“everything touches you”: Josh Swiller, instant message to author, January 30, 2009.
“liberal appropriation of space”: Frederick Law Olmsted, “Report of Olmsted, Vaux & Co., Architects,” in Edward Miner Gallaudet, History of the College for the Deaf 1857–1907 (Washington, DC: Gallaudet College Press, 1983), 236–38.
“great primary (geometrical) forms”: Le Corbusier, Toward a New Architecture (New York: Dover Publications, 1986), 29–30.
“endlessly changing qualities”: Louis Kahn, “Silence and Light II,” in Louis Kahn: Essential Texts, Robert Twombly, ed. (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2003), 232.
“when the dust is cleared”: Ibid., 240.
“prevalence of spirit”: Louis Kahn, “Space and the Inspirations,” in Louis Kahn: Essential Texts, 225.
In Pursuit of Silence Page 28