Demokrasi
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Suharto, Colonel Pitut, 54
Suharto, Tien, 5–6, 48
Suharto, Tommy: business interests, 57, 138; convictions and jail terms, 173–74; feted by Kopassus group, 104; “national car” project, 60; wealth of, 141
Suharto’s Indonesia, 2
Sukamdani, 141
Sukarno: Afro-Asian Summit, 252; anti-colonialism crusade, 192; armed forces loyal to, 27–28; arrested for inciting rebellion, 17; benteng policy, 133–34; criticizes PKI executions, 47; Dutch cede power to, 22; forms Indonesian state, 18–19; initial role largely ceremonial, 27; interrogation, retirement and death, 43; kidnapped by students 19; presidency of, 19, 21–22; proclaims revolutionary constitution, 30; released by Japanese, 18; resists Dutch attempts to resume control, 21–22; response to attempted coup, 34; rise to power, 19; Suharto receives orders from, 39
Sukarno, Dewi, 37
Sukarnoputra, Guruh, 61
Sukarnoputri, Megawati: armed forces under, 91; as president, 80–81, 84; corruption under, 169; election campaigns, 77–80, 90–91; opposition to Suharto, 61–63; Papuan policy under 233–235; relations with Habibie, 72–73; social welfare policy, 119; Yudhoyono wins presidency from, 156–57
Sulaiman, Haji, 115–16
Sumarlin, J. B., 46, 59
Sumitro, General, 24, 45, 52–53
Sumpah Pemuda pledge, 16
Sunardi, 118
Sungai Puting Jetty, 113, 115
Sunni–Shia conflict, 160
Supandji, Hendarman, 176–77
Supardjo, Brigadier-General, 37–38
Suparman, Djaja, 105
Supersemar letter, 47
Supreme Court, 80, 82, 172–75, 181, 229
Surabaya municipality, 8, 15, 20, 60, 62, 76, 105, 125, 143, 146, 200, 223, 245
Suryadi (PDI leader), 61–63
Suryahadi, Asep, 119, 126
Suryani, Artalyta, 177
Susanto, Djoko, 146
Sutanto, Djuhar, 136
Sutanto, General, 161
Sutiyoso, 81, 242
Sutowo, Ibnu, 53, 55, 141
Sutowo, Pontjo, 141
Sutrisno, Try, 59
Suwarto, Colonel, 32, 42
Swara Mahardhika, 61
Syamsuddin, Syafrie, 104, 107–8, 115, 227, 237
Syari’ah law, 50, 79, 89, 162, 165–66
Syihab, Habib Muhammad Rizieq, 74
Tabuni, Elvis, 205
Tabuni, Goliat, 188, 205
Tahun Vivere Pericoloso declaration, 22
Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, 5
Tan, Samir, 145
Tanah Merah prison camp, 192
Tanaka, Kakuei, 52
Tangama, Leonie, 208
Tangguh liquefied gas field, 197
Tanjung, Akbar, 78, 167
Tanjung, Chairul, 146
Tanjung, Feisal, 59, 62, 64, 76
Tanjung Priok mosque riot, 53, 58, 71, 156, 228
Tanoesoedibjo, Bambang Rudijanto, 169
Tanoesoedibjo, Hary, 141, 170
tax officials, bribery of, 184
“Team of 100,” 199
Tebay, Neles, 190, 208, 260
Teller, Edward, 224
Temangung regency, 160
Tempo magazine, 63, 228
Tentara Nasional Indonesia. See armed forces
Ternate, Portuguese bases in, 10
Territorial Command, 101
territorial doctrine, 111
terrorism, 97–100, 108–9, 162–64, 206, 210, 226, 246
Tesso Nilo national park, 218
Thailand, military coup in, 103
Thalib, Ja’far Umar, 74
Thalib, Munir Said, 81, 228
The Act of Killing, 228
The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia, 22, 26
The Kian Seng. See Hasan, Mohamad “Bob”
The Religion of Java, 152
Tidore, Portuguese bases in, 10
Tim Enam group, 207
Tim Mawar abductions, 71, 98, 105, 233–34, 237, 244
Time Magazine, 40, 172
Tirtamas group, 142–43
Toemion, Theo F., 169
Toer, Pramoedya Ananta, 52
Total Oil Co, 123
Tovar, Hugh, 39
“Toward Salvation” petition, 53
traffic problems, 125
transmigrasi program, 147, 214
Transparency International, 186
Tri Usaha Bhakti army company, 55, 96
Trihatmodjo, Bambang, 56
Trisakti University, student protestors killed at, 64
tsunami, effects of, 83–84, 92–93
Tunggal, Gajah, 141
“Tutut.” See Rukmana, Siti Hardijanti
Twilight in Jakarta, 26
Umar, Ratna Dewi, 169
Unit 81, 98, 104
United Nations: condemns Dutch aggression, 21; East Timor referendum supervised by, 76–77; East Timor war crimes investigation, 104; Indonesia withdraws from, 34; Indonesian peacekeeping troops in, 108; votes on control of New Guinea, 34
United States of America: business connections with, 137; East Asian defense treaties, 254; Indonesian bargaining power with, 210; interest in Indonesian politics, 33, 35; joint military operations with, 104; military forces trained by, 32; negotiates Dutch withdrawal from New Guinea, 32; relations with under Suharto, 95; seeks strategic partnership, 103–4; “shock and awe” tactics copied by Indonesia, 84; supports Permesta rebellion, 252; supports PKI massacres, 35, 41; supports Sukarno/Hatta government, 33; US citizens detained in Papuan provinces, 190; West Irian policy, 201; WikiLeaks cables embarrass, 103, 254
United States of Indonesia, 20–21
University of Indonesia rescue plan for economy, 42–43, 46
Untung, Lieutenant Colonel, 37–38, 40, 42
Urbaningrum, Anas, 183
US National Security Agency, 244–45
USSR. See Russia
Vanimo, 187–89
Vanuatu, 143, 189, 208
Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, 10
Volksraad, establishment of, 15
Wacik, Jero, 185
Wahhabi Islam, 13, 153, 158, 162
Wahid, Abdurrahman: Aceh policy, 89; as president, 78–81, 156; corruption scandals, 79; early career of, 62–63; forms PKB, 72–73; on bank corruption, 177; Papuan policy, 199–200; policy on ethnic Chinese, 142; relations with Yudhoyono, 101; social welfare policy, 119; wins presidential election, 77–78
Wahid, Nur Hidayat, 157–58
Wali Nanggroe position, 92
Wali Songo saints, 152
Wamena, 190, 196, 198, 206
Wanandi, Jusuf, 135
Wanandi, Sofyan, 233–34
Wandik, Wellem, 205
Wanggai, Thomas, 199, 202
“War on Terror.” See terrorism
Wardhana, Ali, 46
Waruk, Hayam, 8–9
water pollution, 222
Weiss, Stanley, 238
Wenda, Benny, 208
West Irian. See Papuan provinces
West Java province, 10, 13, 22, 54, 88, 109, 117, 125–26, 136, 149, 155, 157, 159, 161, 179, 813, 222
West Kalimantan, Chinese massacred in, 52, 135, 160, 215
West Papua, 190, 194, 203, 209
West Timor, East Timorese forcibly relocated to, 77
Westerling, Raymond “Turk,” 229
Wewak, logging at, 189
Wibowo, Karyono, 184
Wibowo, Pramono Edhie, 103
Wibowo, Sarwo Edhie: daughter of
marries Yudhoyono, 100; leads military response to coup attempt, 38–40; regional commander in Papuan provinces, 202
Widjaya, Eka Tjipta, 140
Widjojo, Agus: on future of armed forces, 98, 100; on militias, 110; on territorial function, 101; on Yudhoyono, 231
Widjojo, Anggodo, 208
Widodo, General, 51
Widodo, Joko: as mayor of Solo, 120; as presidential candidate, 241–47, 249; becomes governor of Jakarta, 238–40; rapid rise of, 186
WikiLeaks cables, 103, 108, 254
Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, 15, 17
Winasa, I. Gede, 247
Winata, Tomy, 107, 117, 141
Wings Group, 146
Wirahadikusumah, Agus, 100–2
Wiranto, General: as armed forces commander, 68–71; as presidential candidate, 235; as vice-presidential candidate, 240; heads armed forces, 64; loyalty to Suharto, 59; pledges to protect Suharto family, 64; Suharto’s letter to, 68; under Wahid 93, 117
Witoelar, Wimar, 68
women voters, backlash against Islamic parties, 159
World Bank: aid provided by, 46; on corruption levels, 168; on welfare scheme, 120; study of sanitation, 223
World Health Organization, 223
World War II, 131
World Wildlife Fund, 219
Xavier, Francis, 10
Yani, Achmad, 35–38, 42, 44
Yayasan Harapan Kita, 5
Yayasan Supersemar, 173
“Year of Living Dangerously,” 22, 34
Yogyakarta: British influences on, 12; Dutch recapture of, 20–21; Suharto leads resistance to Dutch in, 48; support for abortive coup in, 37; troops from involved in execution, 104
Yosfiah, Yunus, 76
Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang: Aceh policy, 103–5, 114; armed forces under, 100–2; as president, 93, 95–96, 100, 103–5, 110, 112, 118–19, 144, 147; corruption under, 170, 172, 178–79; energy policies, 121–22; environmental issues, 214, 217–19; military career of, 90, 92; mobile phone interception plan 290–91; Papuan policy, 201, 204, 208–9; policy on ethnic Chinese, 142–43; public disappointment with, 225–29; refuses to dissolve parliament, 80; religious policies, 156–60; repays IMF debt, 117; response to Papuan asylum-seekers, 6; second presidential term, 167–70, 180; social welfare policy, 120
Yunita, Abbie Carla, 218, 267
Yuntho, Emerson, 184
Zen, Kivlan, 69
About the Author
Hamish McDonald was the Asia-Pacific Editor of The Sydney Morning Herald from 2000 to 2012 and previously Regional Editor for the Far Eastern Economic Review. He has been a foreign correspondent in Jakarta, Tokyo, Hong Kong, New Delhi and Beijing, has twice won Walkley Awards and had a report on Burma read into the record of the US Congress. He is the author of books on Indonesia, Japan and India, and he was made an inaugural Fellow of the Australian Institute of International Affairs in 2008. He is currently based at The Australian National University, Canberra.
DEMOKRASI. Copyright © Hamish McDonald, 2015. All rights reserved. For information, address Palgrave Macmillan Trade, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010.
First published 2014 by Black Inc., an imprint of Schwartz Media Pty Ltd.
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The Library of Congress has cataloged the print edition as follows:
McDonald, Hamish, 1948– author.
Demokrasi : Indonesia in the 21st century / Hamish McDonald.
pages cm Includes index.
1. Indonesia—Politics and government—1998– 2. Indonesia—History. I. Title.
DS644.5.M38163 2015
959.804—dc23
2014021926
e-ISBN 978-1-4668-7296-3
First Edition: January 2015
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