FINANCES: cost of army career; earnings from journalism; allowance from Jennie; extravagance; guarantees premiums on life policies (1897); earnings from lecture tours; cheques from Aunt Cornelia; earnings from books; inheritance from Lady Londonderry; Wall Street Crash losses; economies during 1930s; costs of Chartwell; establishes Chartwell Literary Trust
HEALTH: chest complaints; attacks of pneumonia; dislocated shoulder; ‘black dog’ depressions; appendix removed; hit by car in New York (1931); minor heart attack; collapse from exhaustion; recuperates in Marrakech; spot on the lung; ‘small arterial spasm’ suffers stroke; recuperates in South of France; slight strokes; breaks vertebra in neck; deafness of; breaks hip in fall; final illness
HONOURS: Nobel Prize for Literature (1953); Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports; Order of the Garter; offered dukedom by Queen; Order of Merit; Croix de la Libération (1958)
INTERESTS AND ACTIVITIES: stamp collection; polo playing; yacht Enchantress; fascination with new technology; aviation; flying lessons; painting*; racehorse owner†; Toby the budgie; plan for villa on Riviera
JOURNALISM: Daily Graphic dispatches from Cuba; Daily Telegraph column; war correspondent for Morning Post; taken prisoner in South Africa; escape from detention in South Africa; articles for Strand magazine
MILITARY CAREER: decides on army as career (1888); in 4th Hussars; in India with regiment; sees combat on North West Frontier; fights at Omdurman (1898)*; posted to The Sudan (1898); resigns commission (1899); in South African Light Horse Regiment; rejoins army (December 1899); prisoner rescue mission in South Africa; on staff of General Sir Ian Hamilton; leaves South Africa (1900); Great War military service (1915-16); development of the tank and; return from war service
PERSONAL LIFE: question over conception date; birth of (30 November 1874); childhood; childhood play with Sunny; education of; father’s political career and; friendship with ‘Sunny’ father’s health and; death of father and; relationship with father; admiration for Count Kinsky; Bourke Cockran as role model; sees Sunny in New York (November 1895); Consuelo Vanderbilt and; Duchess Fanny’s attitude to; Pamela Plowden as first love; mother’s help with career opportunities; Pamela Plowden and; relationship with mother; with Sunny during Boer War; 105 Mount Street residence; mother’s second marriage and; women and; meets Clementine (1904); Sunny/Consuelo break up and; Gladys Deacon and; 12 Bolton Street residence; meets Clementine again (1908); friendship with Clementine prior to marriage; Blenheim as ancestral home; proposal/engagement to Clementine; marriage (12 September 1908); honeymoon at Blenheim; happiness of marriage; 33 Eccleston Square residence; birth of first child Diana (11 July 1909); love letters to Clementine; on mother’s property refurbishment; birth of second child Randolph (1911); lives at Admiralty House (1911-15); birth of daughter Sarah (7 October 1914); leases Hoe Farm (near Godalming); leases Lullenden Farm (near East Grinstead); attempted seduction of by Daisy Decazes de Glücksbierg; 2 Sussex Square residence; mother’s death and; Chartwell Manor and; son Randolph’s sexual abuse incident at school; death of Marigold and; Freddie’ marriage problems and; birth of daughter Mary (15 September 1922); indulgence of son Randolph; animal noises and; relationship with son Randolph; death of Sunny and; 11 Morpeth Mansions (London flat); Diana Mosley and; builds cottage at Chartwell‡; Colt revolver of; hires bodyguard (August 1939); lives at Admiralty House (1939-40); Pamela Churchill and; lives at at 10 Downing Street (WW 2); at Chequers; walks around London during Blitz; affection for Vic Oliver; 28 Hyde Park Gate residence; impact on of 1945 election defeat; Christopher Soames and; death of brother Jack (1947); eightieth birthday celebrations; Graham Sutherland portrait; affection for Eden; Wendy Russell and; state funeral for; request for Bladon burial; asks Randolph to write official biography; death of Bracken (1958) and; Golden Wedding celebrations; break with Reveses (1960); Duncan Sandys and; periods of silence in old age; ninetieth birthday party; death of (24 January 1965); body lies in state in Westminster Hall; burial at Bladon
POLITICAL LIFE: early political ambitions; ‘Iron Curtain speech’ Liberal Party and; political ambitions (1898-1900); stands for parliament in Oldham (1899); as MP for Oldham (1 October 1900); political donation from Sunny; political speeches; Lloyd George and*; takes seat in Parliament (February 1901); maiden speech in Parliament (February 1901); as backbench MP; H.H. Asquith and; father’s political legacy; women’s suffrage movement and; free trade and; crosses floor of House (1904); contests Manchester as Liberal candidate; Jewish supporters of; as Liberal backbencher; as Under- Secretary for the Colonies (1906-8); Edward VII and; made Privy Councillor; enters Cabinet; as President of the Board of Trade (1908-10); Manchester by-election (1908); wins Dundee by-election (1908); views on taxation; assaulted by suffragette at Bristol; Home Secretary (1910-11); fate of condemned murderers and; investiture of Prince of Wales (1911); the Other Club and; foresees war with Europe; First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-15); naval estimates row (1912); mobilises Navy (July 1914); outbreak of Great War; responsibility for aerial defence (1914); defence of Antwerp row (1914); Dardanelles campaign (1915) and; chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster (1915); Gallipoli land battle (1915); removed from Admiralty; resigns from government (December 1915); Dundee by-election 29 July 1917; Minister of Munitions (1917-19); Treaty of Versailles (1919) and; Colonial Secretary (1921-22); Middle East Department and; loses Dundee in 1922 election; elected as Member for Epping (1924 election); Independent Anti-Socialist candidate for Westminster Abbey constituency; Chancellor of the Exchequer (1924-9); rejoins Conservatives (November 1924); concerns about Nazi Germany in 1930s; supports Edward VIII†; warnings about German rearmament (1930s); anger at Munich Agreement; receives secret intelligence reports (from mid-1930s); press campaign in favour of (1939); joins Cabinet (27 August 1939); workload during WW2; First Lord of the Admiralty (1939-40); becomes Prime Minister (10 May 1940); forms coalition government (May 1940); WW2 speeches to Parliament as Prime Minister; public confidence in (WW2); ‘we shall fight on the beaches’ speech.; Operation Dynamo (evacuation of Dunkirk); orders destruction of French fleet (July 1940); views on Rule 18B†; Pearl Harbor attack and; orders church bells rung after Tobruk (November 1942); on Victory in Europe Day (8 May 1945); 1945 general election and; departure from Downing Street (July 1945); on Attlee and Cripps; in opposition (from August 1945); post-WW2 secretariat (27 Hyde Park Gate)*; 1950 general election and; 1951 election victory; as Prime Minister (1952-5); coronation of Elizabeth II and; retirement dinner (4 April 1955); doubts about Eden (1955); leaves Downing Street (5 April 1955); returned as Member for Woodford (1955); retains Woodford in October 1959 election; final appearance in House of Commons (July 1964)
TRAVELS: visit to USA and Cuba (October 1895); lecture tours (1900-1); trip to East Africa (1907-8); overseas fact- finding trip (1907-8); views German military manoeuvres (1909); Cairo Conference (1921) and; tour of USA and Canada (1929); visit to Germany (1932); nearly meets Hitler (1932); first wartime visit to USA (August 1941); visit to USA (1941-2); Tehran conference (November 1943); conference in Algiers (May 1943); visit to Canada and USA (1943); Mamounia Hotel in Marrakech*; second Quebec Conference (September 1944); visit to Russia (1944); flies to Athens (Christmas 1944); holiday in South of France (July 1945); Potsdam conference (July 1945); holiday at the Italian Lakes (August 1945); three- month visit to the United States (1946); Christmas in Marrakech (1947); visit to USA (January 1953); Bermuda conference (December 1953); visits to La Pausa villa (Côte d’Azur); first flight in a jet (May 1959); trip to Washington (May 1959); cruises with Onassis; final visit to Washington (1963)
WRITINGS: Lord Randolph Churchill; My Early Life; Savrola (novel, 1899); The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898); The River War: An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan; Ian Hamilton’s March; London to Ladysmith via Pretoria; My African Journey; The World Crisis; Life of Marlborough; History of the English- Speaking Peoples†; The Second World War
Churchill, Winston Spencer (‘young Winston’); birth of (September 19
40); as a baby; recalls air raids; WSC on; page to Lord Portal at 1953 coronation; marriage to Minnie d’Erlanger (June 1964); birth of son Randolph (January 1965); visits dying WSC; at WSC’s funeral; political career; affair with Soraya Khashoggi; death of (2 March 2010); sells Churchill papers
Churchill College, Cambridge
Churchill family: Spencer Churchill name; ‘arranged’ marriages in; family motto; dominant Spencer genes; ‘melancholia’/’depression’ and; raising/nursing of children by nurses/nannies; ‘love at first sight’ and; pattern of unhappy elder sons; casualties in Great War
Civil War, English†
Clemenceau, Georges
Clifford, Rosamund†
Clinton, Bill
clothing and fashion
Cockran, Bourke
Cochran, C.B.
Collins, Michael*
Colville, John (Jock); WSC’s retirement and; Chequers weekends and; devotion to WSC*; 1945 election and; on Christopher Soames; on death of King George VI; Eden and; writes speech for WSC; WSC’s health and; on Clarissa/Eden marriage; WSC’s death and
Commando, No. 8
Communism
Connaught, Duke of (Prince Arthur)
Conservative Party: 1880 election defeat; Lord Randolph and; minority government under Salisbury (1885); 1885 election defeat; 1886 election victory; Jennie Churchill and; WSC on; WSC and; WSC crosses to the Liberal Party (May 1904); hostility towards WSC; Cornelia Guest and; 1906 election defeat; 1922 election victory; 1923 election; WSC rejoins (November 1924); 1929 election defeat; Randolph as Independent Conservative; anti-appeasement dissidents; Munich debate and; 1945 election called; 1945 election defeat; 1950 election; 1951 election victory
Constable, John
Cooper, Diana
Cooper, Duff†
Cornwallis, Sir Kinkaid
Cornwallis-West, Daisy (Princess Daisy of Pless)
Cornwallis-West, George; love affair with Jennie Churchill; marriage to Jennie Churchill (28 July 1900); divorce from Jennie Churchill (1914)
Cornwallis-West, Shelagh
Coward, Noël
Cowes Regatta and season
Cowles, Virginia
Cox, Sir Percy
Crewe, Marquess and Countess of
Cripps, Sir Stafford
Croft, Sir Henry
Cromer, Lord
Cromwell, Oliver
Cuba
Cubitt, Sonia
Cullinan diamond
Cunard, Emerald
Curzon, Cynthia (‘Cimmie’)
Curzon, Georgina, Countess Howe (née Spencer Churchill)*
Curzon, Lord*
Cust, Harry
Czechoslovakia
d’Abernon, Lord
Dalmeny, Lord (5th Earl of Rosebery)
Dalmeny, Lord (6th Earl of Rosebery)
Davidoff, Basil
de Gaulle, Charles
de Grey, Gladys, Countess
de Wolfe, Elsie
Deacon, Gladys: Consuelo and; Sunny infatuated by; background of; at Blenheim Palace; facial surgery; suffers nervous breakdown; Sunny rejected by; Sunny as lover of; legion of admirers; Duke of Connaught and; marriage to Sunny (25 June 1921); marriage problems with Sunny; miscarriages; dislike of WSC; breakdown of marriage to Sunny; Wall Street Crash losses; squats at No. 7 Carlton House Terrace; later life
Decazes de Glücksbierg, Daisy (Daisy Fellowes)
Delacour, John
Denning, Lord
Derby, Earls of
D’Erlanger (Minnie Churchill)
Devonshire, Dukes of*
Dickens, Charles
Digby, Pamela see Churchill, Pamela (née Digby, later Harriman)
Dilke, Charles
Disraeli, Benjamin
divorce laws
‘The Dollar Princess’ (popular song)
Drake, Elizabeth (mother of 1st Duke)‡
Drummond, Edwina
Duchêne, Achille
Dufferin, Lord (Viceroy of India)
Dunkirk, evacuation of (Operation Dynamo)
Dunne, Mary
Earhart, Amelia
Eaton Hall (near Chester)
Eden, Anthony†; as anti- appeasement dissident; in War Cabinet; as heir presumptive of WSC; Randolph’s jealousy of; marriage to Clarissa Churchill (14 August 1952); ill health; WSC resentful of (1954-5); WSC’s doubts over (1955-6); as Prime Minister (1955-7); Suez Crisis (1956) and; death of (14 January 1977)
Eden, Clarissa (Countess of Avon, Clarissa Spencer Churchill); birth of (June 1920); recalls dog cages at Blenheim; as debutante; Pamela Churchill and; at Oxford University; as a favourite subject of Cecil Beaton; marriage to Anthony Eden (14 August 1952); at WSC’s retirement dinner (4 April 1955); ill health of Eden and; fury at Randolph over Eden book; autobiography (2009)
Edgecombe, Colonel
Edinburgh, Alfred, Duke of
Edinburgh, Marie, Duchess of
Edward VII, King*; as Prince of Wales see Wales, Albert Edward, Prince of
Edward VIII, King; abdication (11 December 1936)*; as Prince of Wales; relationship with Wallis Simpson; as Duke of Windsor
Einstein, Albert
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
Elgin, Lord
Elizabeth, Empress of Austria
Elizabeth I, Queen†*
Elizabeth II, Queen; coronation of (2 June 1953)
Elliot, Maxine†, *
Emergency Powers Act, Rule 18 B (1939, 1940)
Enzheim, Battle of (October 1674)
Epstein, Jacob
Eton school; Randolph at
Eugénie, Empress of France
Everest, Miss Elizabeth
Fairbanks, Douglas
Faisal, Sheikh
Fellowes, Reggie
Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, assassination of (June 1914)
Ferguson, Major Ronnie
Fisher, Lord
Fitzroy, Barbara (Sister Benedicta)
Fitzwilliam, Peter, 8th Earl
flu pandemic (1918-19)*
Foch, Marshal Ferdinand
Foot, Michael
foxhunting*, *; in Ireland; at Melton Mowbray; Pamela Churchill and
France, Anatole
Franco, General Francisco
Franco-Prussian war (1870-71)
Fraser, Hugh
Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales
French, Field Marshal Sir John
Frewen, Clara (née Jerome, ‘Clarita’); life in Paris (from 1867); in Cowes (1873); financial problems**; Randolph’s cause of death and
Galsworthy, John
Garbo, Greta
Garnett, Theresa*
Garter, Order of
Garvin, J.L.
Gellibrand, Paula
George I, King
George V, King*
George VI, King
Gerard, Lord
Germany, Wilhelm, Crown Prince of
Gibbon, Edward
Gigli, Beniamino
Gilbert, Kathleen
Gilbert, Martin
Gladstone, William Ewart
Gladwyn, Cynthia
Gladwyn Jebb, Hubert
‘Glorious Revolution’
Gloucester, Duke of
Godolphin, Earl
Goebbels, Josef and Magda
Goeben (German warship)
Goering, Hermann
Gorst, John
Goschen, George
Grantully Castle (Perthshire)
Great War: events leading up to; start of (August 1914); Churchill family casualties; early period of; Turks enter (November 1914); Dardanelles campaign (1915); Gallipoli land battle (1915) and; WSC’s military service (1915-6); Lloyd George takes over government (December 1916); 1917-18 period; Treaty of Versailles (1919); American neutrality; former Ottoman lands after; Hussein–McMahon letters
Grey, Edward
Grigg, Sir Edward
grouse shooting*
Guest, Alice
Guest, Amy (née Phipps)
Guest, Cor
nelia (née Spencer Churchill, Lady Wimborne)*, †; birth of (1847); as arch Tory
Guest, Diana
Guest, Freddie; Great War military service; marriage difficulties
Guest, Henry
Guest, Ivor (1835–1914)*
Guest, Ivor (1873 – 1939); Great War military service; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Guest, Raymond
Guinness, Bryan*
Guinness, Mr and Mrs Lee
Gwynne, Nell*
Haig, Field Marshal Douglas
Haldane, Captain Aylmer
Halifax, Lord
Halle, Kay
Hamblin, Grace
Hamel, Gustav
Hamilton, Lord George
Hamilton, General Sir Ian
Hammersley, Mrs Lilian (Duchess Lily)*
Hampton Court
Hanfstaengl, Ernst (‘Putzi’)
Hanover, Electress of
Hardie, Keir*
Hardwicke, Lord
Harmsworth, Alfred
Harriman, Averell; love affair with Pamela Churchill; Ambassador to the Soviet Union; marriage to Pamela Churchill (1971)
Harriman, Kathy
Harris, Frank
Harrow school* * *
Hartington, Marquesses of
Hatfield House
Hauk, Minnie
Hayward, Leland
Hayworth, Rita
Hearst, William Randolph
Heller, Stephen
Helleu, Paul
Henry II, King†
Hill, Abigail
Hitler, Adolf: admired by Daily Mail; becomes German Chancellor (January 1933); Clementine on; English upper classes and; WSC and*; Mitford sisters and; overturns Treaty of Versailles; threatens Czechoslovakia; Munich Agreement (September 1938); annexes Czechoslovakia (March 1939); death of (30 April 1945)
Ho Chi Minh*
Hoffman, Louis
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von
Hogg, Quintin
Holland House (London)
Home Rule campaign, Irish
Horne, Sir Robert
horse-racing†
Houston, Lady
Howe, Lord
Hozier, Bill
Hozier, Blanche (Natty) (née Ogilvy)
The Churchills Page 68