Lee's Lieutenants

by Douglas Southall Freeman

  33 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 166.

  34 OR 19:2, 57, 52; McClellan, Stuart, 141; Price, October 15, 1862, Price Papers.

  35 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 169-70.

  36 OR 19:1, 53.

  37 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 179-80.

  38 McClellan, Stuart, 155-56; Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 175.

  39 McClellan, Stuart, 157-60; Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 175-78.

  40 Price, October 15, 1862, Price Papers.

  41 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 168; OR 19:2, 54.

  Chapter 19: Battle at Fredericksburg

  1 OR 19:2, 414, 142-44. Stuart described the horse problem as “greased heel and sore tongue.”

  2 Richmond Dispatch, November 17, 1862.

  3 Cooke, Jackson, 351-52; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 198.

  4 Hotchkiss, November 11, 1862, Hotchkiss Papers.

  5 J. W. Jones, Christ in Camp: Or, Religion in Lee’s Army, 283; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 348, 358-59.

  6 Cooke, Jackson, 354; SHSP 43, 24.

  7 Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 360-61; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 203.

  8 Hotchkiss, Journal, 96; SHSP 43, 25.

  9 OR 21, 86, 568-69; OR 19:2, 717.

  10 OR 21, 1029, 1030, 1033, 539.

  11 Clark, North Carolina Regiments 1, 27; 2, 295-96.

  12 Land We Love 3, 183-97; SHSP 28, 294, 301.

  13 William D. Pender, December 3, 1862, Pender Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina; SHSP 28, 299; OR 21, 569, 578; Allan, Army of Northern Virginia, 468.

  14 Dictionary of American Biography 1, 607.

  15 OR 21, 601-4, 578.

  16 OR 21, 183; Owen, Washington Artillery, 180.

  17 OR 21, 579, 569; Battles and Leaders 3, 75; Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 130.

  18 OR 21, 645, 552.

  19 OR 21, 569, 609, 579, 625; OR 51:2, 661.

  20 OR 21, 643, 630, 641.

  21 OR 21, 645, 653-54.

  22 Francis E. Pierce, December 17, 1862, Pender Papers, Southern Historical Collection.

  23 Hotchkiss, Journal, 100; Battles and Leaders 3, 75-76, 79.

  24 CV 14, 66; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 205; Clark, North Carolina Regiments, 2, 556.

  25 Lee, Wartime Papers, 380; Sorrel, Recollections, 131.

  26 Von Borcke, Memoirs 2, 113.

  27 OR 21, 631, 553; von Borcke, Memoirs 2, 117ff.; Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 457.

  28 OR 21, 553, 631-32, 638, 649.

  29 OR 21, 652-56; Caldwell, Gregg’s Brigade, 59; Early, Autobiography, 172; Battles and Leaders 3, 140.

  30 OR 21, 633; Moore, Cannoneer Under Jackson, 162-63; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 369; Cooke, Jackson, 375.

  31 OR 21, 647.

  32 Owen, Washington Artillery, 184; Battles and Leaders 3, 91-92.

  33 OR 21, 570, 580, 608.

  34 OR 21, 608, 626; CV 7, 309.

  35 OR 21, 580, 589, 625; Land We Love 1, 70.

  36 Battles and Leaders 3, 81.

  37 OR 21, 580, 589, 573-76; Dickert, Kershaw’s Brigade, 188-89; Allan, Army of Northern Virginia, 503.

  38 Moore, Rebellion Record 6, 100.

  39 Caldwell, Gregg’s Brigade, 61.

  40 OR 21, 634.

  41 OR 21, 643, 647, 666; Hood, Advance and Retreat, 49-50.

  42 OR 21, 634, 666.

  43 Hotchkiss, Journal, 101; Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 137.

  44 Richmond Whig, December 24, 1862; CV 8, 538; SHSP 19, 309.

  45 SHSP 43, 34.

  Chapter 20: In Winter Quarters

  1 Hood, Advance and Retreat, 50; OR 21, 555, 634, 577.

  2 OR 21, 571, 634, 555.

  3 OR 21, 48, 84ff., 91ff.; Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War 1 (1863), 653.

  4 Richmond Examiner, December 15; Richmond Dispatch, December 15; Charleston Mercury, December 15; Richmond Enquirer, December 22, 1862.

  5 OR 21, 562, 555-56, 571, 582. Federal losses, in comparison, were 12, 653.

  6 OR 21, 571, 547, 576, 667, 556.

  7 Land We Love 1, 117.

  8 OR 21, 547, 571; Hamlin, Old Bald Head, 130-31.

  9 OR 21, 553, 555-56, 656, 646.

  10 OR 21, 632, 667, 554, 672, 647.

  11 OR 21, 556.

  12 OR 21, 638, 648, 565-66, 643, 451.

  13 OR 21, 645-46, 553, 632.

  14 OR 21, 13ff., 69-91.

  15 OR 21, 695; Channing Price, December 23, 1862, Price Papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina.

  16 OR 21, 731-32, 736-37; Price, January 20, 1863, Price Papers.

  17 Price, January 20, 1863, Price Papers; OR 21, 733.

  18 Price, January 20, 1863, Price Papers; OR 21, 732, 734-35; McClellan, Stuart, 202.

  19 Hamlin, Old Bald Head, 133.

  20 CV 11, 266; Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 16.

  21 McDonald, Laurel Brigade, 109; OR 21, 747-48; OR 25:2, 604, 641, 654.

  22 Hamlin, Old Bald Head, 131; Hamlin, Ewell Letters, 115-16.

  23 Trimble, December 22, 1862, Jackson, January 1, 1863, Lee, January 2, Trimble mss., I. R. Trimble Collection; OR 25:2, 658; OR 21, 1099; Hotchkiss, Journal, 110.

  24 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 255-56, 262-63.

  25 OR 18, 59-60, 110; S. G. French, Two Wars: An Autobiography, 154.

  26 Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 69; OR 18, 819-20, 847, 851.

  27 OR 18, 856, 861; Smith, Confederate War Papers, 338.

  28 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 296-98, 300, 305-7.

  29 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 307-16.

  30 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 338.

  Chapter 21: Facing a New Campaign

  1 OR 21, 755.

  2 Dickert, Kershaw’s Brigade, 295-96; Worsham, Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 155-56; OR 51:2, 676.

  3 OR 51:2, 175-76.

  4 IV OR 1, 531, 594.

  5 IV OR 2, 447-48.

  6 D. S. Freeman, The South to Posterity, 65-66.

  7 Lee, Memoirs of Pendleton, 246-47.

  8 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 44.

  9 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 204-5.

  10 OR 19:2, 632, 646ff., 662.

  11 OR 25:2, 614-19.

  12 OR 25:2, 644-46.

  13 OR 25:2, 728-30.

  14 SHSP 38, 381.

  15 Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 139; Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 90.

  16 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 201; McClellan, Stuart, 217.

  17 SHSP 38, 382-83; McClellan, Stuart, 210-11; Harry Gilmore, Four Years in the Saddle, 66-69.

  18 OR 25:1, 63, 53; Gilmore, Four Years in the Saddle, 68-69.

  19 OR 25:1, 59; OR 25:2, 675.

  20 OR 18, 894-95.

  21 OR 18, 57, 109-10, 905.

  22 OR 18, 898, 903, 907-8, 184, 189, 931.

  23 OR 18, 921-27, 933, 942.

  24 OR 18, 970, 943, 931, 942, 969.

  25 The principal exchanges are OR 18, 922, 924, 933, 934, 943-44, 950, 954.

  26 French, Two Wars, 160-61.

  27 OR 18, 304, 331, 334, 325-27, 336-37.

  28 French, Two Wars, 163; OR 18, 325, 326-27.

  29 Sorrel, Recollections, 146-47.

  30 OR 51:2, 697.

  31 OR 18, 1007, 211.

  32 OR 18, 574, 674, 1031.

  33 Hotchkiss, Journal, 101-2.

  34 CV 20, 24; J. P. Smith, “Winter Quarters at Moss Neck,” Hotchkiss Papers; SHSP 43, 37-39.

  35 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 200.

  36 Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 213; Hotchkiss, Journal, 115.

  37 Hotchkiss, Journal, 117, 125, 124.

  38 Hotchkiss, Journal, 124, 125, 123.

  39 Phillips, Correspondence of Toombs, 608.

  40 Jackson letter book, Hotchkiss Papers; Woodward, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 444.

  41 William D. Pender, The General to His Lady: The Civil Wa
r Letters of William Dorsey Pender to Fanny Pender, 222.

  42 OR 19:2, 731-33; OR 12:2, 214; Jackson mss., Confederate Memorial Institute.

  43 CV 20, 24-26; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 214-15; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 396.

  44 Hotchkiss, Journal, 124.

  45 Hotchkiss, Journal, 116; Hunter McGuire and George L. Christian, The Confederate Cause and Conduct in the War Between the States, 213.

  46 Paxton, Civil War Letters, 81; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 409-13; Hotchkiss, Journal, 134.

  47 Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 415-16.

  Chapter 22: Jackson Gets His Greatest Orders

  1 Hotchkiss, Journal, 136; OR 25:1, 1000.

  2 Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 416.

  3 OR 25:1, 939, 901, 1004.

  4 OR 25:1, 1000, 796; OR 25:2, 759-60.

  5 SHSP 7, 562.

  6 Hotchkiss, Journal, 136-37.

  7 OR 25:1, 939, 885, 1004, 850; Hotchkiss, Journal, 137; Sorrel, Recollections, 128; OR 25:2, 850, 862, 870.

  8 Irvine Walker, General Richard H. Anderson, 133; OR 25:1, 824, 850.

  9 OR 25:1, 824-25, 850,940; SHSP 11, 137-38.

  10 Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 517.

  11 Daly, Alexander Cheves Haskell, 99-100; OR 25:2, 764; Bryan Grimes, Letters of Major-General Bryan Grimes to His Wife, 28; OR 25:1, 850; Land We Love 1, 180.

  12 Daly, Alexander Cheves Haskell, 100-101.

  13 T. M. R. Talcott, “General Lee’s Strategy at the Battle of Chancellorsville,” SHSP 34, 16-18.

  14 Dabney, Jackson, 675-76; Hotchkiss, Journal, 137.

  15 Hotchkiss in Henderson, Stonewall Jackson 2, 432.

  16 Alexander, Military Memoirs, 333.

  17 Caldwell, Gregg’s Brigade, 76.

  18 OR 25:1, 940.

  19 McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 214; Thomas T. Munford mss., Duke University.

  20 Fitzhugh Lee in SHSP 7, 572-73.

  21 OR 25:1, 940; Munford mss., Duke University; Virginia State Library.

  22 OR 25:1, 940-41, 1004, 915-16.

  23 Battles and Leaders 3, 208.

  24 OR 25:1, 941, 967, 974, 995.

  25 OR 25:1, 941, 1004-5, 935, 890, 902, 916; R. E. Wilbourn in Cooke, Jackson, 416; Battles and Leaders 3, 233; Hotchkiss, CMH 3, 385.

  26 From Chancellorsville westward to Wilderness Church, the newer Orange Plank Road overlay the old Turnpike, and local custom was divided on what to call this stretch of highway; here it will be called the Plank Road.

  27 SHSP 8, 494; Land We Love 1, 181.

  28 SHSP 6, 267; Cooke, Jackson, 419-20.

  29 John Bigelow, Jr., The Campaign of Chancellorsville, 317; Land We Love 1, 181.

  30 SHSP 6, 268-69; Hotchkiss, Journal, 138; Dabney, Jackson, 693-94. The fire was from the 18th North Carolina, Lane’s brigade.

  31 SHSP 6, 270; CV 13, 233; Hotchkiss, Journal, 138-39; OR 25:1, 885-86, 582.

  32 SHSP 6, 270; Battles and Leaders 3, 212; Dabney, Jackson, 689; Land We Love 1, 181.

  33 Cooke, Jackson, 427.

  34 SHSP 6, 233-34; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 220-21.

  35 Battles and Leaders 3, 213; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 221-22.

  36 Dabney, Jackson, 695-96; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 223.

  Chapter 23: Victory and Tragedy at Chancellorsville

  1 Alexander, Military Memoirs, 342; McClellan, Stuart, 249.

  2 OR 25:1, 891, 925; Alexander, Military Memoirs, 346.

  3 OR 25:1, 891, 913, 902, 904, 935-36; Clark, North Carolina Regiments 1, 669.

  4 OR 25:1, 902-3, 1005, 886.

  5 OR 25:1, 1006, 1025-26; Caldwell, Gregg’s Brigade, 80-81.

  6 Bigelow, Chancellorsville, 353; OR 25:1, 943.

  7 Alexander, Military Memoirs, 347-48; OR 25:1, 823, 938; CV 5, 288.

  8 OR 25:1, 943, 996; Grimes, Letters, 31-32.

  9 Bigelow, Chancellorsville, 357, 361; OR 25:1, 944, 996, 1014.

  10 Alexander, Military Memoirs, 347; Bigelow, Chancellorsville, 375ff.; Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 535ff.

  11 Dabney, Jackson, 696, 707-8; Battles and Leaders 3, 213; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 223; Hotchkiss, Journal, 140.

  12 Dabney, Jackson, 708-9; OR 25:2, 769; Battles and Leaders 3, 214.

  13 OR 25:1, 1000-1001, 810; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 198-99; Bigelow, Chancellorsville, 268.

  14 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 197; OR 25:1, 811.

  15 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 198-202; OR 25:1, 811-12.

  16 OR 25:1, 812, 814, 1002; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 202-3.

  17 Land We Love 3, 448-49; OR, 25:1, 839.

  18 OR 25:1, 839, 815; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 205-6.

  19 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 208-9, 219-20; Land We Love 3, 450; OR 25:1, 839, 815-16; Owen, Washington Artillery, 218-19.

  20 OR 25:1, 855; Wilcox mss., Library of Congress.

  21 OR 25:1, 856-57.

  22 OR 25:1, 857.

  23 OR 25:2, 769-70; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 220.

  24 OR 25:1, 827.

  25 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 222-25; OR 25:1, 840-41.

  26 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 226-27; OR 25:1, 801, 827, 852; Alexander, Military Memoirs, 356.

  27 OR 25:1, 802, 828, 852, 869; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 228-29, 231, 233.

  28 Dabney, Jackson, 709; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 224.

  29 Hotchkiss, Journal, 140; Dabney, Jackson, 711.

  30 Hotchkiss, Journal, 140; Dabney, Jackson, 711-13; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 225.

  31 McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 225-26; Hotchkiss, Journal, 141.

  32 OR 25:1, 171; S. P. Bates, The Battle of Chancellorsville, 69; Report of Joint Committee 1 (1865), 125.

  33 Richmond Dispatch, May 5, 8, Richmond Sentinel, May 9, Richmond Whig, May 8, 15, 1863.

  34 Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 261; Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 87-88; OR 51:2, 703.

  35 Land We Love 3, 457-58.

  36 OR 25:1, 803.

  37 OR 25:1, 803.

  38 Pender, General to His Lady, 235; Gordon, Reminiscences, 100-101.

  39 OR 25:1, 803-4, 887-88, 823.

  40 OR 25:1, 886, 1007, 810.

  41 Dabney, Jackson, 715-16.

  42 Dabney, Jackson, 715; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 451; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 227.

  43 Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 452-53; Dabney, Jackson, 717-19; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 227.

  44 Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 562; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 227; Dabney, Jackson, 719-21; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 452-53.

  45 Dabney, Jackson, 722-23; McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 228; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 456

  46 McGuire and Christian, Confederate Cause, 228-29.

  Chapter 24: Renewal and Reorganization

  1 Richmond Whig, May 9, 1863.

  2 Richmond Dispatch, May 12, Richmond Sentinel, May 19, 1863; Dabney, Jackson, 731-32; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 462ff.

  3 OR 25:2, 791, 793; Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 524; Richmond Examiner, May 11, 1863.

  4 R. E. Lee, Jr., Recollections and Letters of General Robert E. Lee, 94.

  5 Hamlin, Ewell Letters, 118; Lee, Memoirs of Pendleton, 272, 276.

  6 OR 25:2, 782.

  7 OR 25:2, 811.

  8 OR 25:2, 824-25; Hamlin, Old Bald Head, 78; Gordon, Reminiscences, 158.

  9 Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 91; OR 25:2, 810.

  10 Battles and Leaders 3, 245.

  11 A. P. Hill, May 24, 1863, Wilkins mss.; Wright, General Officers, 33; OR 25:2, 811.

  12 Pender, General to His Lady, 235; Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 99-100.

  13 OR 25:2, 801-2, 774, 787.

  14 Lee, Memoirs of Pendleton, 273.

  15 OR 25:2, 810, 816.

  16 Hotchkiss, Journal, 145-46; Lee, Memoirs of Pendleton, 277.

  17 OR 25:2, 78
9.

  18 Pender, General to His Lady, 238.

  19 Freeman, R. E. Lee 3, 18ff.; Pender, General to His Lady, 242.

  20 Von Borcke, Memoirs 2, 264-65.

  21 Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 211-12; McClellan, Stuart, 261-62; von Borcke, Memoirs 2, 265-66.

  22 OR 27:2, 680.

  23 OR 27:2, 680, 727; Myers, The Comanches, 183.

  24 McClellan, Stuart, 270-71; Philadelphia Weekly Times, June 26, 1880; OR 27:2, 681, 721-22.

  25 McClellan, Stuart, 272-74, 277; OR 27:2, 755, 722, 749-50; Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 216.

  26 OR 27:2, 546; McClellan, Stuart, 292-93.

  27 OR 27:733-36.

  28 McClellan, Stuart, 286-92; OR 27:2, 684, 729.

  29 Pender, General to His Lady, 246.

  30 Richmond Examiner, June 12, 1863.

  Chapter 25: Across the Potomac Again

  1 OR 27:2, 440, 460; Hotchkiss, Journal, 151-52.

  2 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 244-45; OR 27:2, 441, 450, 462-63, 477-78; McKim, A Soldier’s Recollections, 146; Gilmore, Four Years in the Saddle, 87.

  3 OR 27:2, 441, 500-501, 541, 508, 512; McKim, A Soldier’s Recollections, 148-50; Hotchkiss, Journal, 152.

  4 OR 27:3, 894; Hamlin, Old Bald Head, 140; Hotchkiss, Journal, 153; OR 27:2, 456, 442; Hotchkiss, June 15, 1863, Hotchkiss Papers.

  5 OR 27:2, 547-50, 442-43, 305; OR 27:3, 914.

  6 OR 27:3, 910; OR 27:2, 443; Hotchkiss, Journal, 155; Hamlin, Ewell Letters, 121.

  7 OR 27:2, 443, 466-67; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 256; Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 203-5.

  8 Hotchkiss, Journal, 155; OR 27:2, 551.

  9 OR 27:3, 943-44; Hotchkiss, Journal, 156; Casler, Stonewall Brigade, 173; Moore, Cannoneer Under Jackson, 185.

  10 OR 27:2, 444, 607; SHSP 26, 122.

  11 OR 27:2, 443; Moore, Cannoneer Under Jackson, 185.

  12 OR 18, 959. This letter mentions the January 23 proposal, which must have been verbal.

  13 Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 327-28.

  14 Philadelphia Weekly Times, July 27, 1879; Battles and Leaders 3, 244-45; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 329.

  15 Longstreet in McClure, Annals of the War, 416-17; Battles and Leaders 3, 246-47; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 331; Freeman, R. E. Lee 3, 19.

  16 McClure, Annals, 418; OR 27:2, 358, 316; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 359, 546.

  17 Sorrel, Recollections, 147, 152, 155; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 333, 346-47; OR 27:2, 358; Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, 243.

  18 Richmond Sentinel, June 12, Richmond Dispatch, June 12, Richmond Whig, June 16, 1863.