Eyes of the World Robert Capa, Gerda Taro, and the Invention of Modern Photojournalism
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SPANISH CIVIL WAR
The first and best central digital spot for the Spanish Civil War is the Trabajadores site at the University of Warwick in England: www2.warwick.ac.uk/go/scw. Not only does it provide digital access to the university’s rich collection of civil war materials from the point of view of left-wing and communist English unions, but on its Find Out More tab, it presents a detailed time line of the war and a spectacular collection of international links in many media.
A site on the International Brigades from all nations, with many colorful posters: internationalbrigadesinspain.weebly.com.
For the American side of the story of the International Brigades, the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives are an excellent resource: alba-valb.org. ALBA has a distinct point of view—honoring and supporting those who served the cause of the Spanish Republic. Keeping that perspective in mind, the site is well organized, easy to use, and includes video as well as images and text on its Education page.
Henri Cartier-Bresson’s short film “With the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Spain” has a possible link to Capa. It is available on YouTube.
For teachers who would like to use Paul Robeson in a unit, here is a lesson plan with resources: www.archives.gov/education/lessons/robeson.
A couple of highlights from the rich digital resources of Spanish Civil War materials at the Mandeville Special Collections Library at University of California at San Diego: They Still Draw Pictures, drawings by children recording the conflict: http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/tsdp.
Adhesive Propaganda: Stamps of the Spanish Civil War: http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/swstamps/#russian.
ROBERT CAPA, GERDA TARO
For both of their photos, begin here: magnumphotos.com and icp.org.
You can listen to a rare radio interview with Capa from 1947 on YouTube and hear the only recording of his voice while looking at some of his images.
Also available on YouTube is a full-length PBS biography of Capa from 2003, American Masters’ Robert Capa: In Love and War.
The March of Time newsreel “Rehearsal for War” contains a bit of footage of loyalist soldiers in Spain filmed by Capa (it’s a very small image and will not play on Chrome browser): http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma04/wood/mot/html/spain.htm.
You can glimpse the golden-haired Taro for about ten seconds in a 1937 Soviet documentary, K sobitiyam v ispanii No 20, available on YouTube. See the 6:03 mark.
OTHER PHOTOGRAPHERS CLOSELY LINKED TO CAPA AND TARO
For Chim’s photos, begin here: davidseymour.com.
For Henri Cartier-Bresson’s photos, begin at Magnum as well: magnumphotos.com.
For Fred Stein’s photos, begin here: fredstein.com.
For André Kertész’s photos, begin here: http://www.atgetphotography.com/The-Photographers/Andre-Kertesz.html.
TO VIEW GUERNICA
Online: http://www.museoreinasofia.es/en/collection/artwork/guernica.
The painting is held at the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid and is well worth seeing in person. In addition to Guernica, the museum hosts a permanent exhibit on the art shown in the 1937 pavilion: http://www.museoreinasofia.es/sites/default/files/salas/informacion/206_06_eng_pabellon_esp-goya-guernica.pdf.
1937 SPANISH PAVILION
A replica of the pavilion was built in Barcelona in 1992, and you can see it here: http://www.spainisculture.com/en/monumentos/barcelona/pabellon_de_espana_en_la_exposicion_internacional_de_paris_de_1937.html.
For more information about the pavilion and Guernica, visit PBS’s Treasures of the World site: http://www.pbs.org/treasuresoftheworld.
GARCÍA LORCA VIDEOS
A musical performance of “Romance Sonambulo” by Spanish singers Ana Belén and Manzanita can be seen on YouTube.
Hear a recitation of “At five in the afternoon” lines from García Lorca’s “Lament for Ignacio Sánchez Mejías” in a clip from a 1997 fictional movie based on his death also on YouTube.
INDEX
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A
Abraham Lincoln Brigade
Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives (ALBA)
African Americans
Aguilar de Ona, Graciela
ALBA. See Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives
Albacete, Spain
Alberti, Rafael
Alcázar
Alianza
Allan, Ted
Taro death for
Allen, Jay
Alliance Photo
Almería
Anand, Mulk Raj
anarchy
Durruti for
in Mujeres Libres
political analysis of
in Spanish Civil War
anti-Nazism
anti-Semitism. See also Jews
Aragon, Spain
Arganda Bridge
al-Assad, Bashar
al-Assad, Hafiz
Atarazanas barracks
Auden, W. H.
Austria
avant-garde
B
B-26 bombers
Barcelona, Spain
anarchy in
Aragon compared to
Catholic Church in
communism in
feminism in
Orwell on
POUM in
refugees in
in Spanish Civil War
Barea, Arturo
Basque area, of Spain
Bastille Day
Battle of Teruel
Battle of the Bulge
Belgium
Bergman, Ingrid
Bessie, Alvah
Bilbao, Spain
Black Flames
Blair, Eric. See Orwell, George
Blitzkrieg (lightning strike)
Blum, Léon (Prime Minister)
Braque, Georges
Brihuega, Spain
Brownie camera
Brunete, Spain
fascist defeat in
Budapest, Hungary
bullfights
C
Caballero, Francisco Largo
Café du Dome
Calder, Alexander
cameras
Brownie
Contax
Eyemo
Leica
Reflex-Korelle
Rolleiflex
Canary Islands
Capa, Cornell
Capa, Robert.
See also Madrid, Spain;
Spanish Civil War
advice by
at Bastille Day
in Bilbao
career gains by
with Cartier-Bresson
Ce Soir and
children by
Chim and
contact notebooks by
in Córdoba
at D-Day, x
Death in the Making by
death of
at Ebro, battle of
Eisner and
with Eyemo
The Falling Soldier by
fame of
as filmmaker
Hemingway and
at Hotel de Blois
at Hotel Florida
humanism by
International Brigade by
at International Congress of Writers in Defense of Culture
at International Exposition
Leica and
in Les Masies
for Magnum
in Málaga
at May Day (1936)
in Montparnasse
at Navacerrada pass
in Paris
photographs of
as photojournalist
in Picture Post
as pioneer
political rallies by
Popular Front by
as propagandist
as refugee
refugees by
for Regards
Regler with
Robert Capa Gold Medal Award
soldiers by
in Spanish pavilion
in Spanish revolution
stamp, professional for
with Steinbeck
style of
Taro by
Taro compared to
as Taro copain
Taro dating with
Taro death for
for Time Inc.
time line for
in University City
with Vogel
for Vu
Weisz and
Carpena, Pepita
Cartier-Bresson, Henri
Capa with
Chim and Capa by
for Magnum
cartoon, of Taro
Casa de Alianza de Escritores Antifascistas
Catalonia
Catholic Church
in Barcelona
in Basque area
Franco and
Ce Soir
censorship of
photos for
Cerf, Ruth
Cerro Muriano, Spain
Chamberlain, Neville (Prime Minister)
Chicago Tribune
Chim
in Basque area
Capa and
for Ce Soir
children by
contact notebooks by
crowds by
in Death in the Making
death of
The Family of Man for
International Brigade by
in Les Masies
Madrid cover by
in Madrid siege
for Magnum
Mexico by
Picasso by
as pioneer
as propagandist
as refugee
for Regards
in Spanish pavilion
China
Chopin
Cimorra, Clemente
Cockburn, Claud
Comintern. See Communist International
communism.
See also Soviet Union; Stalin, Joseph
anarchy compared to
antifascism in
in Barcelona
Catalan Communist Party for
Ce Soir for
Communist International for
in the Depression
fascism compared to
against Franco
l’Humanité for
in Indochina
“Internationale” for
New People’s Army for
La Pasionaria for
Popular Front with
POUM and
Russian Revolution for
socialism and
Soviet purge for
in Spanish Civil War
Spanish Communist Party for
volunteers for
Communist International (Comintern)
Condor Legion
constructivism
contact notebooks
Contax
Córdoba, Spain
Cowles, Virginia
Cox, Geoffrey
Cuba
cubism
Czechoslovakia
D
Dalí, Salvador
D-Day, x
aftermath of
Death in the Making (Capa)
democracy
Dephot
the Depression
Descamps, Michel
Dos Passos, John
Durruti, Buenaventura
E
Eastman Kodak
Ebro, battle of
Eisner, Maria
El Campesino
El Escorial
England
Espejo, Spain
Europe
Eyemo
F
falangists
The Falling Soldier
The Family of Man
A Farewell to Arms (Hemingway)
fascism.
See also Franco, Francisco; Hitler, Adolf; Mussolini
anarchy compared to
antifascism and
communism compared to
falangism compared to
history of
Lorca execution for
Madrid defeats for
poster for
in Spain
Spain divided by
time line for
as world villain
feminism
in Barcelona
in Spanish Civil War
Taro for
fifth column
For Whom the Bell Tolls (Hemingway)
France.
See also Paris, France
Franco, Francisco (General, Dictator).
See also rebels, Spanish
in Alcázar
in Basque area
Catholic Church and
Civil War ending for
communism against
Condor Legion use by
as General in 1936
Hitler support for
Hughes essay on
loyalists plans for
Madrid and
Madrid siege by
in Málaga
Morocco and
Mussolini support for
Non-Intervention Committee and
poster for
time line for
Freund, Gisèle
Friedmann, André. See also Capa, Robert
for Alliance Photo
Capa with
Dephot for
in the Depression
as Kertész protégé
in Madrid
name change by
against Nazis
in Paris
with Pohorylle
as a rover
time line for
Friedmann, Dezsoő
Friedmann, Julia
G
Galeries Lafayette strike
Gallagher, O. D.
Gandhi, Mahatma (Indian Independence leader)
Garbo, Greta
Gare d’Austerlitz
Garro, Elena
Gassmann, Pierre
de Gaulle, Charles (General)
Gaylord’s Hotel
Gellhorn, Martha
with Hemingway
“general mobilization,”
German Pavilion
Germany
Munich Agreement for
Olympics (1936) in
socialist party for
Gide, André
González, Francisco Aguilar (General)
Granada, Spain
Green, Jerald R.
Guadalajara, Spain
Guernica
Guernica, Spain
H
Hemingway, Ernest
with Capa
in US and Cuba
Herbst, Josephine
Hitler, Adolf (Chancellor, Führer)
anti-Semitism by
fascism poster for
Franco support by
Munich Agreement for
nonaggression pact by
Olympics (1936) by
Poland invasion by
Stalin and
time line for
Hotel de Blois
Hotel Florida
Hotel Gran Vía
Hotel Ritz
Huesca, Spain
Hughes, Langston
l’Humanité
I
Ibárruri, Dolores (La Pasionaria)
ICP. See International Center for Photography
illustrated magazines
immigrants. See also refugees
India
Indira Gandhi (Prime Minister)
Indochina
International Brigades. See volunteers
International Center for Photography (ICP)
International Column. See volunteers
International Congress of Writers in Defense of Culture
International Exposition
“Internationale,”
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Islamic State
Italy. See Mussolini, Benito
Ivens, Joris
J
Japan
Jarama front
Jews.
See also anti-Semitism
Joan of Arc
K
Kandó, Ata
Kantorowicz, Alfred
Karpathi, Geza Korvin
Kertész, André
Knightly, Phillip
Kopp, Georges
L
La Coupole
La Pasionaria. See Ibárruri, Dolores
Law, Oliver (Captain)
League of Nations
Leica
Capa with
IIIb model of
Taro with
Leipzig, liberation of
León, María Teresa
Les Masies
Liberman, Alexander
Life
Capa for
Lorca, Federico García
loyalists, for Spain.
See also Barcelona, Spain; Madrid, Spain
in Alcázar
Bessie as
in Brunete
in Ebro, battle of
losses by
at Navacerrada pass
organization of
plans for Franco
Szurek as
Luce, Henry
Lukács, Pavol (General)
M
Madrid
Madrid, Spain
Black Flames in
bombing of
Catholic Church in
Condor Legion attack on
Franco losses in
Friedmann, André, in
poster wars in
refugees in
in ruins
siege of
Magnum
Maison de la Culture
Málaga, Spain
maps
The March of Time
Madrileños
Marx, Karl
Marxism. See communism
Matthews, Herbert
on Madrid
on volunteers
May 3 vote
May Day
Messerschmitt Bf
Mexico
Mitford, Jessica
Montjuïc
Montparnasse
Mora, Constancia de la
Morocco
Morris, John
Moscardó (Colonel)
Mosquito Ridge
Mujeres Libres
Munich Agreement
Museum of Modern Art
Mussolini, Benito (Dictator)
Black Flames for
Franco support by
soldiers for
N
Navacerrada pass
Nazis. See also D-Day; Hitler, Adolf
anti-Nazism and
in Austria
in Basque area
Nuremberg rally for
time line for
in WWII
Negrín, Juan (Prime Minister)
Nehru, Jawaharlal (Prime Minister)
Neruda, Pablo
Netherlands
New People’s Army