9 Stewart Alsop, “In Time of Crisis,” Saturday Evening Post, November 1962.
10 Quoted in Enrique Ros, La Segunda Derrota (Ediciones Universal, 1995).
11 Beschloss, 549.
12 Ibid., 544.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid. Also appears in Richard Nixon, “Cuba, Castro, and John F. Kennedy,” Reader’s Digest, November 5, 1964.
15 Beschloss, 556.
16 Washington Post, January 19, 1969. Quoted also in Ros.
17 Ros, 269.
18 Ibid., 248.
19 Ibid., 282.
20 Peter Schweizer, “Cuban Missile Crisis: Kennedy’s Mistakes,” History News Network, November 4, 2002.
21 Alexander M. Haig, Jr., Inner Circles: How America Changed the World (New York: Warner Books, 1992).
22 Paul Bethel, The Losers: The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 364.
23 Ros.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid., 199.
26 Ibid., 193.
27 Beschloss, 414.
28 Ros, 258.
29 Andres Perez, YARA magazine, Florida International University, 2000.
30 “Bay of Pigs 40 Years After: An International Conference,” Havana, Cuba, March 22–24, 2001, National Security Archive.
31 Beschloss, 28.
32 Haynes Johnson, The Bay of Pigs; The Leader’s Story of Brigade 2506 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1964).
Chapter 3: The Cowardly León
1 Paul Bethel, The Losers: The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 209.
2 Mario Lazo, Dagger in the Heart: American Policy Failures in Cuba (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 177.
3 Ibid., 193.
4 Associated Press, January 1, 2001.
5 Lyman B. Kirkpatrick, Jr., The Real CIA (New York: Macmillan, 1968).
6 Lazo, 82–3.
7 Spruille Braden quoted in Fulgencio Batista, Cuba Betrayed (New York: Vantage Press, 1962).
8 Nestor Carbonell, And the Russians Stayed: The Sovietization of Cuba (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1989). The tourist figure also appears in Humberto Fontova, “You Can’t Believe Those Crazy Cubans!” www.newsmax.com, April 9, 2003.
9 Carlos Alberto Montaner, Fidel Castro y La Revolución Cubana (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1984).
10 The McLaughlin Group, April 8, 2000. Clift repeated it to a gaping Bill O’Reilly on the O’Reilly Factor, May 1, 2000.
11 Christine Klein, “Always a Rerun: The Stars on the Issues,” National Review, May 16, 2000.
12 “End This Embargo Now: Glover Joins Goodwill Delegation to Cuba’s Castro,” Village Voice, January 18, 1999.
13 Jeff Jacoby, “Castro’s Cheerleaders,” Boston Globe, May 8, 2003.
14 This quote has run dozens of places, including Andrew Breitbart, “Mum’s the Word,” www.opinionjournal.com, April 11, 2003. Also in Sterling Rome, “Castro’s Celebrity Fan Club,” www.cnsnews.com. , May 1, 2003. I used the quote in my NewsMax article “We Love You Fidel! Oh Yes We Do!” November 18, 2002, and it provoked a response from Spielberg, which led to the following article by NewsMax editor Carl Limbacher, “Spielberg to NewsMax: Cuba Lied About What I Said,” May 9, 2003. “Our columnist Humberto Fontova, zinging Castro’s American groupies, mentioned a notorious quotation attributed to Spielberg: that meeting Castro was ‘the eight most important hours of [his] life.’ Spielberg’s people contacted our people to proclaim that the director never made any such statement and that Castro’s state-run press concocted the quotation. ‘Don’t believe everything you read, especially in the Cuban press!’ Spielberg’s office wrote to us.” Which was EXACTLY the point of my NewsMax article all along.
15 Don Feder, “Close Encounters,” www.frontpagemag.com, January 13, 2004.
16 Letter from Alice Walker to President Clinton, March 13, 1996. www.cubasolidarity.net.
17 Associated Press, February 16, 2004.
18 “Hijacker Is Glad He’s Back in U.S., Rails Against Reds,” Miami Herald, October 29, 1980.
19 Ibid.
20 “Hijacker Detests Cuba,” Washington Post, April 26, 1977.
21 Ibid.
22 Carlos Alberto Montaner, Viaje al Corazon de Cuba, (New York: Random House Español, 1999).
23 Eduardo Ferrer, Operacion Puma: La Batalla Aerea de Bahia de Cochinos (International Aviation Consultants, 1976).
24 New York Times, July 16, 1959.
25 Smith, Earl E. T. The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution (New York: Random House, 1962).
26 Nathaniel Weyl, Red Star Over Cuba: The Russian Assault on the Western Hemisphere (New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1960).
Chapter 4: The Dope Trafficker Next Door
1 “Cuba and Cocaine,” Frontline, PBS, February 5, 1991.
2 “Mexico Told U.S. Nothing of Probe Into Drug Czar,” Los Angeles Times, February 22, 1997.
3 Marc Frank, “Former U.S. Drug Tsar Meets Castro in Cuba,” Reuters, March 3, 1997.
4 Dr. Ernesto Betancourt, www.martinoticias.com/Radio Martí News, September 23, 2001.
5 “Castro Drug Probe Collapses in Heap of Dead Ends, Lies,” Miami Herald, November 24, 1996.
Chapter 5: Rock Against Freedom!
1 “The Experts’ Opinion,” www.cubatravelusa.com, December 1, 2002.
2 Alberto Bustamante, “Notas y Estadisticas Sobre Los Grupos Étnicos En Cuba,” Revista Herencia, volume 10, 2004. Herencia Cultural Cubana, Miami, Florida.
3 Christopher Ruddy, “Powell and Castro,” www.newsmax.com, May 14, 2001.
4 “Nelson Mandela Addresses Canadian Parliament,” CBC News, June 18, 1990.
5 “Senator George McGovern Addresses Police Foundation, Urges Normalization with Cuba,” Marco Island Sun Times, February 5, 2004.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid
9 David Corn, “A Cuban Frost,” Jewish World Review, April 9, 1999.
10 Humberto Fontova, “Cuba Is Way Too Cool!” www.newsmax.com, May 18, 2004.
11 Interview with Emilio Izquierdo, Jr., president of Ex Confinados Politicos de la UMAP.
12 Fontova, “Cuba is Way Too Cool!”
Chapter 6: Castro’s Murder, Incorporated
1 From the documentary Los Vi Partir by Enrique Encinosa, 2002.
2 Ibid.
3 “Sundance Goes To Havana,” www.cbsnews.com, January 26, 2004.
Chapter 7: Fidel’s Sidekick: The Motorcycle Diarist Che Guevara
1 Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland (New York: Signet, 2000), 83.
2 Humberto Fontova, “Che Guevara: Assassin and Bumbler,” www.newsmax.com, February 23, 2004.
3 Víctor Llano, “El Carnicerito de La Cabaña,” Libertad Digital, November 22, 2004.
4 Antonio Navarro, Tocayo: A Cuban Resistance Leader’s True Story (Westport, CT: Sandown Books, 1981).
5 Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Mea Cuba (Barcelona: Plaza/Janés Editores, 1992).
6 Enrique Ros, Cubanos Combatientes; Peleando en Distintos Frentes (Ediciones Universal, 1998).
7 Ibid.
8 BBC correspondent Mark Doyle, November 25, 2004.
9 Paul Bethel, The Losers: The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 51.
10 Ibid., 40.
11 Ibid., 51.
12 Mario Lazo, Dagger in the Heart; American Policy Failures in Cuba (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 243.
13 Llano, “El Carnicerito de La Cabaña.”
14 Ernesto “Che” Guevara, Man and Socialism in Cuba (Havana: Guairas, Book Institute, 1967).
Chapter 8: Cuba Before Castro
1 Jesus Hernandez Cuellar, “Crónica del Presidio Político en Cuba,” Contacto
magazine, December 1998.
2 Jules Dubois, Fidel Castro: Rebel, Liberator or Dictator? ( Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1959), 2.
3 Andres Suarez, Cuba: Castroism and Communism, 1959–1966 (Boston: MIT Press, 1967).
4 Trevor Armbrister, “Fawning over Fidel,” Reader’s Digest, May 1996.
5 Armando Valladares, Against All Hope (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2000).
6 Alberto Bustamante, “Notas y Estadisticas Sobre Los Grupos Étnicos En Cuba,” Revista Herencia, volume 10, 2004. Herencia Cultural Cubana, Miami, Florida.
7 Mario Lazo, Dagger in the Heart; American Policy Failures in Cuba (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 137.
8 Ibid.
9 Agustin Blazquez and Jaums Sutton, “Three Little Blacks,” www.newsmax.com, May 23, 2003.
10 Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy 1958–1964 (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1997).
11 Bill Press, “Mr. Carter Goes to Cuba,” www.cnn.com, May 14, 2002.
Chapter 9: Stupid Liberals in the CIA
1 Georgie Ann Geyer, Guerrilla Prince (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1991), 240.
2 Rufo López-Fresquet, My Fourteen Months With Castro (Cleveland: World Publishing Company, 1966).
3 Tim Weiner, “Bay of Pigs Enemies Finally Sit Down Together,” New York Times, March 23, 2001.
4 Geyer, 190.
5 Juan Antonio Rubio Padilla, “La Opinion Publica,” April 27, 1961. Found at www.autentico.org.
6 Gus Russo, Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK (Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 15.
7 John H. Davis, The Kennedys: Dynasty and Disaster (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984).
8 Russo, 242–44.
9 Ibid., 248.
10 Speech by Castro at the Brazilian embassy in Havana. Interestingly, Cubela had met Fitzgerald’s man in Brazil the day before. Carlos Bringuier, Red Friday (Chicago: Chas Hallberg & Co., 1969), 110.
11 Russo, 377.
12 Alexander M. Haig, Jr., Inner Circles; How America Changed the World (New York: Warner Books, 1992), 116.
13 Russo, 344.
14 Raphael Diaz-Balart, “La Amnistia,” La Rosa Blanca.
15 Nathaniel Weyl, Red Star Over Cuba: The Russian Assault on the Western Hemisphere (New York: Devin-Adair Company, 1960), 104.
16 Ibid.
17 Geyer, 126.
18 Howard E. Hunt, Give Us This Day (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1973).
19 Ibid.
20 Weyl, 104.
21 Enrique Encinosa, Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro (Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 19.
22 Peter Kornbluh, ed. Bay of Pigs Declassified: The Secret CIA Report on the Invasion of Cuba (New York: New Press, 1998).
23 Tad Szulc, Fidel: A Critical Portrait (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1986).
24 Testimony of Arthur Gardner, “Communist Threat to The United States through the Caribbean,” U.S. Senate Subcommittee, August 27, 1960.
25 Earl E. T. Smith, The Fourth Floor: An Account of the Castro Communist Revolution (New York: Random House, 1962), 30–52.
Chapter 10: “We Fought with the Fury of Cornered Beasts”
1 Paul Bethel, The Losers: The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 372.
2 Enrique Encinosa, Cuba en Guerra (Miami: Endowment for Cuban American Studies, 1994), 59.
3 Ibid.
4 Enrique Encinosa, Al Filo Del Machete, 2002.
5 Michael Moore, Downsize This! (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), 193.
6 Mona Charen, “Oliver Stone Gets the Axe,” www.townhall.com, April 18, 2003.
7 Ronald Bergan, Francis Ford Coppola Close Up: The Making of His Movies. (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1998), 53.
8 Encinosa, Cuba en Guerra, 59.
9 Ibid., 128.
10 Ibid., 180.
11 Ibid., 127.
12 Grayston L. Lynch, Decision for Disaster: Betrayal at the Bay of Pigs (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 1998).
13 Humberto Fontova, “Cuban Mothers,” www.newsmax.com, January 15, 2004.
14 Murder tally comes from The Black Book of Communism; Crimes, Terror, Repression (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999).
15 “Hollywood Liberals’ Fantasy World,” www.worldnetdaily.com, April 17, 2004.
16 “Castro Visit Triumphant,” Harvard Law Record, April 30, 1959.
17 Ibid.
Chapter 11: Operation Cuban Freedom—NOT!
1 Victor Andres Triay, Bay of Pigs: An Oral History of Brigade 2506 (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2001).
2 Peter Wyden, Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 202.
3 Edward B. Ferrer, Operation Puma: The Air Battle of the Bay of Pigs (Miami: Trade Litho, 1982), 210.
4 Ibid., 213.
5 Wyden, 240.
6 Ibid., 298.
7 Jesus Hernandez Cuellas, “Chronicle of an Unforgettable Agony: Cuba’s Political Prisons,” Contacto magazine, September 1996.
8 Martin Arostegui, “Castro Weaponizes West Nile Virus,” Insight magazine, September 16, 2002.
9 Haynes Johnson, The Bay of Pigs: The Leader’s Story of Brigade 2506. (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1964), 345.
10 Humberto Fontova, “Mr. Wonderful and the Bay of Pigs,” www.newsmax.com, April 14, 2004.
11 Gus Russo, Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK (Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 8.
12 Ibid., 9.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Stephen Ambrose, Eisenhower: Soldier and President (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), 539.
16 Ibid., 533.
17 Ibid., 499.
18 Néstor Carbonell Cortina, “Bahia de Cochinos: Lo Que No Dijo el Informe del Inspector de la CIA,” www.autentico.org. Carbonell quotes Eisenhower from Foreign Policy, U.S. volume VI, 1057–60.
19 Ambrose, 554.
20 Ibid.
21 Michael Beschloss, The Crisis Years; Kennedy & Khrushchev 1960–1963. (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), 124.
22 Proverbs 16:18.
23 Gus Russo, Live by the Sword: The Secret War Against Castro and the Death of JFK (Baltimore: Bancroft Press, 1998), 170.
24 Brigadier General Rafael del Pino, www.cubapolidata.com, April 25, 2002.
Chapter 12: Fidel as Business Partner
1 Xinhua News Agency, 2004.
2 Testimony of former American POW on Vietnam “Cuba Program,” Office of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State.
3 Juan Tamayo, “Torturers’ Aim Was Total Surrender, Savage Beatings Bent Captives to Will of Man Dubbed ‘Fidel’,” Miami Herald , August 22, 1999.
4 Paul Bethel, The Losers: The Definitive Report, by an Eyewitness, of the Communist Conquest of Cuba and the Soviet Penetration in Latin America (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1969), 192.
5 George Talbot, “Cuba Conference Opens Amid Controversy,” Mobile Register, October 13, 2003.
6 G. Fernández, Ediciones Periodísticas, March 12, 2001.
7 Interview with Armando Lago, author of Cuba: The Human Cost of Social Revolution and The Politics of Psychiatry in Revolutionary Cuba (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1991).
8 Interview of David Kay by George Stephanopoulos, ABC News, October 5, 2003.
9 Hans de Salas-del Valle, ed. Fidel Castro on the United States: Selected Statements, 1958–2003 (Washington, D.C.: Center For a Free Cuba, 2003).
10 Ibid.
Chapter 13: Fidel’s Useful Idiots
1 Cabrera mentions the incident in his book Mea Cuba (Barcelona: Plaza/Janés Editores, 1992).
2 José D. Cabús, Castro ante la Historia (Mexico City: Editores Mexicanos Unidos, 1963), 24. See also Servando González, The Secret Fidel Castro: Deconstructing the Symbol (Oakl
and, CA: InteliBooks, 2002.)
3 Interview with Ernesto Betancourt, who is friends with Huber Matos. The incident is also mentioned in Matos’s book Como Llego La Noche (Barcelona: Tusquets, 2002).
4 Paul Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Travels of Western Intellectuals to the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba (New York: Harper Holophon, 1981). Mona Charen uses the shorter version, which I used and cited in Chapter Two.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Rafael del Pino, Proa a la Libertad (Mexico City: Editorial Planeta Mexicana, 1991).
8 Randall Robinson, “Why Black Cuba Is Suffering,” Essence, July 1999.
9 Congressman Adam Clayton Powell, William A. Wieland, Robert A. Stevenson, Memorandum of a conversation, Washington, D.C., March 12, 1959. Found at www.latinamericanstudies.org.
Chapter 14: Castro’s Tugboat Massacre
1 Enrique Encinosa, Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro (Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 192.
2 Speech made by Fidel Castro, at the ceremony for the fifty-first anniversary of the attack on the Moncada, Ernesto Che Guevara Square, Santa Clara, Cuba, July 26, 2004. (Quoted at www.havana-journal.com, August 10, 2004.
Chapter 15: Who Needs Freedom?
1 Enrique Encinosa, Unvanquished: Cuba’s Resistance to Fidel Castro (Los Angeles: Pureplay Press, 2004), 192.
2 Tim Graham, “Back to the ‘Peaceable’ Paradise: Media Soldiers for the Seizure of Elián,” Media Research Center Special Report, May 23, 2000.
3 Cyber Alert, “Drugs for Elián?” Media Research Center, May 3, 2000.
4 David Limbaugh, Absolute Power: The Legacy of Corruption in the Clinton-Reno Justice Department (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2001), 315.
5 Graham, “Back to the ‘Peaceable’ Paradise: Media Soldiers for the Seizure of Elián.”
Fidel: Hollywood's Favorite Tyrant Page 21