Edward VII_The Last Victorian King

by Christopher Hibbert

  sends KE a book, 197

  Churchill, Lord Randolph (1849–95): on drive of bridal carriage, 65; on his brother, 140; and P of W, 140, 142–

  43; blackmails Pss of W, 141; ostracized, 156; the feud settled, 143; illness, 210

  Churchill, Winston Spencer, later Sir Winston (1874–1965), 210, 285; and P of W, 142; and KE’s dress at Goodwood, 196; KE reads his book, 197; enjoys Balmoral, 203; KE on, 210–11; and KE’s superstition, 299

  Clarence, Duke of, see Albert Victor, Prince Clarendon, George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of, and 4th Baron Hyde (1800–1870), 17, 48, 63, 76

  Clarke, Lady, 136–37

  Clarke, Sir Edward George (1841–1931), 161, 163

  Clemenceau, Georges (1841–1929), 241

  Clifden, Nellie, 40, 46, 50

  Cole, Lowry Egerton, Lord, later 4th Earl of Enniskillen (1845–1924), 107

  Combe, Sir George (1788–1858), 10–11

  Connaught, Duke of, see Arthur, Prince Cook, Sir Francis (1817–1901), 180

  Cornwallis-West, George, 97, 242

  Cresswell, Mrs Louise, 97–98

  Crewe, Hungerford Crewe, 3rd Baron (1812–93), 305

  Crowe, Sir Eyre Alexander (1864–1925), 250

  Cumberland, Ernest Augustus, Duke of (1845–1923), 265

  Cumming, Sir William Gordon (1848–

  1930): suspected of cheating at cards, 160; brings an action, 160; P of W on, 162, 164; Pss of W on, 161; in court, 161–62; marries, 164

  Curzon, George Nathaniel Curzon, Marquess (1859–1925), 213

  Cust, Sir Lionel Henry (1859–1929), 184, 300, 302

  Dagmar, Princess of Denmark, later Marie Feodorovna, Empress of Russia (1847–1928), 83, 87, 186, 218

  Dalton, John Neale, 179, 182, 183

  David, Prince, later King Edward VIII (1894–1972), 220

  Davidson, Arthur, later Sir Arthur (1856–1922), 284, 294

  Delcassé, Théophile (1852–1923), 260, 273–74

  Devonshire, Duchess of, 271

  Devonshire, William Cavendish, 7th Duke of (1808–91), 68, 73, 231

  Devonshire, 8th Duke of, see Hartington, Marquess of Dilke, Charles Wentworth, later Sir Charles (1843–1911), 218; critical of Royal Family, 110; has less receptive audiences, 117; and P of W friendly with, 146, 149, 179, 281; on P of W, 149; on Aumâle’s supper party, 156;

  divorce scandal, 210; on KE’s politics, 283; and Octavia Hill, 284

  Disraeli, Benjamin, later cr Earl of Beaconsfield (1804–81); on P of W’s personality, 28; on P of W’s height, 63; on P of W’s wedding, 65; on P and Pss of W, 68–69; at Sandringham, 70, 71; and Osborne, 73; amused, 73; on P of W and Garibaldi, 79; suggests suitable employment for P of W, 122;

  his influence with P of W, 125; on fancy-dress ball at Marlborough House, 127; and Indian tour, 129, 131, 132; supports Pss of W, 132; and Marlborough, 143; considers P of W indiscreet, 146; out of office, 146; death, 148; and P of W, 150

  Dolgorouki, Princess Katharina (1847–1922), 243

  Douglas-Scott-Montagu, John Walter, later 2nd Baron Montagu (1866–1929), 199

  Duckworth, Robinson (1834–1911), 130

  Dufferin and Ava, Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple, 1st Marquess of (1826–1902), 262

  Duveen, Sir Joseph Joel (1843–1908), 201

  Eckardstein, Baron von, 152, 169, 269, 276

  Eddy, Prince see Albert Victor, Prince Edinburgh, Duke of, see Alfred, Prince Edward VII, King, prop. Albert Edward (1841–1910) as Prince of Wales childhood: baby, 3, 4–5; a difficult child, 6, 8; stammers, 6, 7; severity of his upbringing, 6–7, 13, 15, 18; education, 6–7, 13, 15; phrenologist’s advice on, 10–11; affection for Birch, 11, 12; an unmanageable pupil, 12–13; and Gibbs, 12–13; days of pleasure, 16–17; adventures, 21

  youth: education, 19–20, 22, 28–30, 36–39; and army, 23, 28–29, 36, 38–

  39; in Edinburgh, 28; problem of a marriage for, 40, 43–47, 51; distress at death of Bruce, 56–57; and Nellie Clifden affair, 40, 46, 57; possible marriage with Alexandra, 57; proposes, 58; escorts Alexandra to London, 62; at Frogmore mausoleum, 63; wedding, 63, 65

  marriage: Marlborough House, 67; buys Sandringham, 67, 68; at Sandringham, 69, 71, 96–100; as host, 70, 95–96; friends, 71–73, 103, 174–77, 178; and Garibaldi, 78–79;

  and wife’s hostility to King of Prussia, 90, 92; hectic social life, 94;

  photographs, 95; regard for protocol, 98; wild behaviour, 104 becomes a Freemason, 103; and Mordaunt divorce, 107–8; unpopularity, 108, 162; anxious about monarchy, 109; and thanks-giving celebrations for his recovery, 116; efforts to find suitable employment for, 122; weight, 133; popularity, 135, 138, 142; condemns arrogance of Anglo-Indians, 138; and Aylesford scandal, 140–42; and Lord Randolph Churchill, 142–43; and Beresford, 160, 166–67; and Tranby Croft scandal, 160–62; Salisbury defends, 163–64; and Somerset, 169; and authors, 177; and actors, 177; succeeds QV, 191; energy, 281

  as King Edward: succeeds to throne, 191; reorganizes royal palaces, 192–93; attitude to the arts, 192, 197–98; transforms court, 192–93;

  popularity, 199, 243, 258, 259, 260, 264, 285, 292, 304; reforms of Household, 201; irritated by unpunctuality, 201–2, 301; an effective speaker, 306; friends, 210, 256–57; relationship with personal staff, 215; and Mediterranean Fleet, 217; yearly programme, 221; tiresome banter, 227–28; as host, 230–32; entourage, 232, 236; protocol and domestic arrangements for visits to country houses, 232–34; and dog, Caesar, 234; enjoys prospect of a trip abroad, 236; has collision with an American, 240; upset by anti-British feeling, 240; protocol, 244; lampooned, 257; boycotts France, 257; encourages marriage between Victoria of Prussia and Alexander of Battenberg, 266; determined not to postpone coronation, 281; dying, 295–96; threats and attempt on life of, 299

  amusements and interests: army, 23, 28–29, 36, 38, 122, 123, 144–45, 283–84; big-game hunting, 137; cards, 70, 163, 231; clothes, 25, 30, 81–82, 127, 144, 194–97, 199, 235, 243; club life, 74, 99, 238; country house visits, 231, 233–34; croquet, 233; dancing, 32, 34, 95; decorations, 193, 211; food and drink, 30, 197, 221, 242, 245, 281; gambling, 94, 98, 112, 126, 163, 200, 220; motoring, 198–99; outdoor activities, 233–34; parties, 93–94, 127, 168, 170, 220, 247; practical jokes, 100, 128; racing, 86–87, 91, 93, 109, 147, 163, 199–200, 221; shooting, 28, 51, 96–97, 104, 199, 221, 245;

  shopping, 60, 238, 244; smoking, 30, 99, 226, 280, 281, 293, 295; theatre, 93, 197, 238, 246, 258, 292; travelling, 91; tricycling, 198; uniforms, 194, 246; yacht racing, 86–87, 94, 221, 269, 270 appearance: as a baby, 4; eyes, 4, 5, 24, 28, 206; as a child, 6; QV’s opinion of, 24, 35, 56; height, 33, 63; undergraduate, 36; bridegroom, 63; looks ill, 74, 280, 287, 295, 297, 299; in thanksgiving procession, 115–16; stout, 124; Madras Mail on, 135; at Gordon Cumming trial, 167; at Weimar, 243; in last year of his life, 285; at time of his accession, 191; Esher on, 205

  character and personality: affectionate, 11, 19; aggressive, 15; a bad loser, 196–97, 231, 234; bored, 301; clement, 298; conscientious, 151, 208, 259; a conversationalist, 38, 227; courageous, 258, 299; courteous, 298; a demanding master, 217;

  deportment in public, 302; dutiful, 205, 215, 303; equable, 45; fond of children, 182, 220; friendly, 37, 235; frivolous, 50; frustrated, 128; generous, 228, 235, 236, 242; genial, 206; good natured, 125, 133; hospitable, 201; immature, 36, 45; impatient, 205; indiscreet, 111, 117, 122, 144–45, 147; intellectual level, 5, 6, 9, 15–16, 25, 26, 29, 39, 127; kind, 297–98; capacity for laughter, 300, 301, 302; loyal, 73, 145, 172, 177; mannerly, 6, 38, 135, 254; memory, excellent, 227, 244, 302; obstinate, 212; an organizer, 150–1; a pedant in matters of dress, 195–96, 206; practical and unsentimental, 191; a raconteur, 227; in rages, 7, 8, 13, 19, 24, 128, 216–17, 237, 244, 254, 283, 300; restless, 205; rude, 15; selfish, 99;

  superstitious, 298, 298; sympathetic, 51; tactful, 194, 227, 250, 260, 298, 301; tolerant, 303; truthful, 304; unable to accept criticism, 283; unprejudiced, 148, 175; unsnobbish, 173, 300; witty, 228
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  comments on him by: Albert, 23, 24, 29, 30, 34; Asquith, 215; Mrs Asquith, 304; Balfour, 253; Birch, 8, 9, 11; Blunt, 304; Browning, 27; Bruce, 25, 28, 29, 34, 36, 56; Buchanan, 35; Cambridge, 23; Lady Canning, 11; Dean of Christ Church, 29; Clarendon, 17, 63; Combe, 10; Controller of Kaiser’s Household, 280; Mrs Cresswell, 97; Crewe, 305; Cust, 302; Dilke, 146, 149, 283; Disraeli, 28, 60, 68–69, 131, 208; Dufferin, 262; Elphinstone, 48; equerry, 261; Esher, 193, 205, 300; Fisher, 300, 304; Crown Princess Frederick, 44, 66; French police report, 256; George V, 297; Gibbs, 12–13; Gladstone, 22, 70, 122, 149; Granville, 128, 304–5; Albert Grey, 135; Edward Grey, 305; Hamilton, 151; Hardinge, 208, 263, 297; Henry James, 177; Keppel, 305; Kingsley, 38; Charlotte Knollys, 263; Francis Knollys, 211–12; Sir William Knollys, 89; Lear, 28; Lyons, 35; Lady Lyttelton, 5; Lady Lytton, 150; Lady Macclesfield, 89; Madras Mail, 135; Metternich, 22; Motley, 28; Munby, 37, 116–17; Nicholas II, 262; Northcote, 143; Frederick Ponsonby, 215, 226–27, 231, 237, 252, 267, 299, 301; Sir Henry Ponsonby, 19, 123; Pss of W, 153; QV, 11, 13–14, 24, 24–25, 35, 44, 49, 57, 65, 74, 87, 115, 149; Redesdale, 205; Reid, 249; Reynolds’s Newspaper, 108, 112, 130–31; Scott, 34; Scott-Chad, 117; Sitwell, 206; Stanley, 51; Stead, 110; Stolypin, 264; Stuart, 151; Surveyor of Pictures, 192; Princess Victoria, 299; Vitzthum, 60; Lady Warwick, 174; Wellesley, 112; Wilhelm II, 267; Wynn-Carrington, 15, 132, 135, 144, 204, 299

  family relationships: his father, 4, 16, 17, 43, 47, 48, 49; Princess Royal, 6, 12, 18; siblings, 6, 17; parents, 17, 18, 21, 23, 24, 33; Prince Alfred, 9, 12, 19, 70–71; Pss of W, 82, 86, 88, 101, 132, 153, 154; Prince Eddy, 82, 186, 187–

  88; his children, 111, 137, 138, 181, 183, 186; Prince Arthur, 145; Prince George, 183, 187, 218, 282; annoys his sisters, 194; QA, 217–18, 282, 298;

  his grandchildren, 219

  foreign, affairs: War of Schleswig-Holstein Duchies, 77; anti-Turkish views, 87; Franco-Prussian War, 111, 124; suggestion of employment of P of W, 124; Russia and central Asia, 128; P of W offers to mediate between France and Prussia, 149; KE deeply interested in foreign policy, 210–14, 250; India, 211, 284; Garter for Shah, 213–15; KE’s reputation as arbiter of foreign policy, 249–50; his influence on European affairs, 250; visit to Pope Leo, 251–55; visits France to promote friendly relations, 257, 260–64; Anglo-American relations, 261; Anglo Russian relations, 263–64; Anglo German relations, 267–72, 273, 274, 276; Colonial Office does not keep him informed, 272; imperial policies, 283

  foreign travel: to Paris with his parents, 18; visits his sister in Prussia, 40; to Rome, 26–28, 252; in Gibraltar and Portugal, 28; in Canada, 31; in United States of America, 32; to Germany to meet Alexandra, 41–42; to Vienna and Venice, 49, 50; to Balkans and Middle East, 51; to the Continent and Tunis, 60; to Denmark, Sweden and Germany, 83; to Russia, 87, 261; to Wiesbaden, 90; long holiday, Europe, Egypt, Turkey, 101–9; Oberammergau, Jugenheim, Homburg, 112; convalescent cruise in Mediterranean, 117, 124; Loire Valley, 125; Indian tour, 129–39; on family affairs, 146; Malta, 216, 217; KE’s entourage, 236; KE’s enjoyment of, 237; Paris, 237–39; Denmark, 239; set pattern of continental visits, 240; travels incognito, 240, 243, 244, 254; Marienbad, 244–48; Portugal, 251; Naples, 254–55; Berlin, 269; Algiers, 273; France, 293; Spain, 302

  health: 241; exhaustion, 34; typhoid, 112–14; phlebitis, 269, 281; coughing fits, 280, 293, 294; bronchitis, 275, 280, 283, 293; appendicitis, 281; peritonitis, 282; operation for perityphlitis, 282; listlessness and depression, 282–83; chill and indigestion, 292; last illness, 281

  money matters: his allowance as a young man, 22; Duchy of Cornwall, 67; Sandringham, 68; his annual income, 68; and visit to Russia, 87; gambling, 98, 112; QV criticizes his extravagance, 106; expenses at Constantinople, 106; rumours of debt, 126; and Indian tour, 129, 131, 135; racing expenditure and profits, 200; QV’s parsimony to P of W, 200–1; House of Commons increases P of W’s income, 201; income of KE, 201

  politics: Bismarck annoyed by P of W’s relationship with Thiers, 125;

  ‘want of political judgement’, 125;

  P of W kept in ignorance and allowed no responsibility, 142, 149, 156;

  speaks in the Lords, 144; housing reform, 144; army reform, 144–45; excluded from Cabinet affairs, 145; choice of new Prime Minister, 149; at last has key to Foreign Office boxes, 150; his advice ignored, 150; KE and, 206; government ignores him, 208; does not get on with his ministers or their opponents, 209; KE depressed and worried about, 283, 287; women’s suffrage, 284; Third Reform Bill, 284; republicanism and socialism, 285;

  ‘People’s Budget’, 286; reform of House of Lords, 285, 286–87; KE frets about, 292

  quoted on people: Emperor of Austria, 275; Bernstorff, 111; Buller, 160; von Bülow, 274; Campbell-Bannerman, 210, 248; Winston Churchill, 210; Garibaldi, 79; Gordon Cumming, 160; (to) Jeanne Granier, 258–59;

  Haldane, 211; King Kalakaua, 147; Morley, 211; Nicholas II, 262; Pss of W, 116, 170; Sutherland, 73; Wilhelm II, 267

  quoted on other matters: meeting with Alexandra and her parents, 42; his talk with Prince and Princess Christian, 57; his proposal to Alexandra, 58; his happiness, 59; loyalty, 73; Irish revolutionaries, 75; English aristocracy, 75; war in Denmark, 78; arrogance of Anglo-Indians, 138; QV’s treatment of him, 149–50; racing, 163; the Press, 163; art, 194; sartorial matters, 196; Holman Hunt’s London Docks, 198; proposed inquiry into conduct of Boer War, 210; danger to British rule in Indian Empire, 213; relationship with Prince George, 218; Biarritz, 241; his Orleanist sympathies, 256; Portuguese nobles, 261; death of Alexander III, 262; Cowes regatta, 270; Wilhelm II’s bombastic speech, 267; public men in Germany, 274; Afghan War, 283; Peers, 287

  and QV: childhood relationship with, 6, 17, 18, 22, 25; at Albert’s death, 47; adult relationship with, 51, 99–100, 150–51; she disapproves of him, 73, 81, 108; she refuses him any authority or responsibility, 75–78; she is annoyed with him, 82–84; disagreements between, 145–49; he defies her, 150–51

  and Wilhelm II: gives Kalakaua precedence over Crown Prince Wilhelm, 147; angered by Kaiser’s congratulations to Kruger, 152; Kaiser hopes to embarrass KE, 207; Crown Prince not invited to Sandringham, 266; P of W dislikes, 267; strained relations with Kaiser, 268–69, 270–71, 275–76; temporary amity between them, 267, 274; annoyed by Kaiser’s behaviour at Cowes, 268–69; and Kaiser’s officious behaviour on death of QV, 270; unsatisfactory meetings in Germany, 271; Kaiser at Sandringham, 272–73; deteriorating relationship, 273; Kaiser gossips about, 274; KE sends Kaiser birthday greetings, 274; discussion of naval matters, 276, 277, 278

  and women: kisses a pretty girl, 22; Nellie Clifden, 40, 46, 50; rumours of flirtations in Russia and Paris, 89; Hortense Schneider, 101; Mordaunt divorce, 107–8; in India, 135–36; Lizzie Mathews, 137; letters to Lady Aylesford, 140–42; Lillie Langtry, 155–57; Bernhardt, 156, 238; Daisy Brooke, 157, 158, 158, 167–68, 170; Agnes Keyser, 171, 293; Alice Keppel, 177, 202, 220, 293, 304; in Paris, 239–40; at Marienbad, 248–50; Mrs Moore, 301

  work: serves on Royal Commissions, 144, 151, 178; official duties, 110–11, 127–28, 133, 145, 148–49, 206–7, 258, 262; KE’s enthusiasm for, 205; the army, 207, 210, 211–12; the navy, 207; medicine, 207; diplomacy, 208;

  resents government ignoring him, 208–9, 272; his few victories, 211; defeats, 212–14; official visit to Ireland, 261; audiences, 293, 294; signing documents, 294; a dereliction of duty, 303

  Egypt, P and Pss of W in, 103

  Eiffel, Alexandre Gustave (1832–1923), 257

  Elizabeth, Empress of Austria (1837–98), 50

  Elizabeth, Princess of Wied, 40–41

  Ellenborough, Countess of (d 1881), 51

  Elliott, Maxine, 247–48

  Ellis, Arthur Edward, later Sir Arthur (1837–1907), 102, 130

  Ellis, William (1800–81), 14

  Elphinstone, Sir Howard Crawfurd (1829–90), 48, 76

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–82), 34

  Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1818–93), 42, 43, 57, 64

  E
rrol, Countess (d 1916), 131

  Erskine, Lady Sybil St Clair, 186

  Escoffier, Auguste (1847–1935), 226

  Esher, Reginald Baliol Brett, 2nd Viscount (1852–1930): on Prince Charles of Denmark, 181; comments on, 192–93; on KE, 193, 205; disapproves of informality at court, 201; and KE’s enthusiasm for work, 205; on Arnold-Forster, 210; KE and, 215; and P and Pss of W, 218; and return of Liberal government, 292

  Eugènie, Prince Imperial of France (1856–79), 256

  Eugènie, Empress of France (1826–1920), 18, 256

  Eulenburg und Hertefeld, Philipp, Count von (1847–1921), 275

  Faraday, Michael (1791–1867), 14

  Fayrer, Sir Joseph (1824–1907), 130

  Fehr (courier), 217, 236, 243

  Feodora, Princess of Leiningen (1807–72), 5

  Ferdinand I, King of Bulgaria (1861–1948), 250

  ffolkes, Sir William (1847–1912), 71

  Fife, Alexander William Duff, 6th Earl of, later cr Duke of (1849–1912), 181

  Fildes, Sir Luke (1844–1927), 299

  Filmer, Lady, 73, 89

  Filmer, Sir Edmund, 94

  Fisher, John Arbuthnot, 1st Baron Fisher of Kilverstone (1841–1920): dances at Windsor, 201; KE supports, 207; KE and, 211, 215; in Marienbad, 244; on KE, 300, 304

  FitzGeorge, Sir Adolphus Augustus, 130, 242

  Fortescue, Seymour, 247, 287

  Fowler, John, later Sir John (1817–99), 103

  France: P of W in Loire Valley, 125; P of W in Cannes, 145; KE fond of, 237, 263, 267; anti-British feeling in, 240, 258, 260; KE in Biarritz, 240, 292–93, 302, 303; KE’s goodwill visit to, 260–

  64; P of W and Franco-Prussian War, 265; Franco-German relations, 274; QA on Biarritz, 297; KE declines to come home from, 303; see also Paris

  Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (1863–94), 60

  Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1830–1916), 50

  Freake, C.J., 179

  Frederick, Crown Prince of Denmark, later King Frederick VIII (1843–1912), 83

  Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia, later Frederick III, German Emperor (1831–88): sails for Potsdam with his bride, 19; and Alexandra, 42; and P of W, 44, 48, 64; reasons for temporary withdrawal from court, 59; P of W on, 84; silver wedding celebrations, 148; and Alexander of Battenberg, 265; his nature, 266; death, 266