Complete Works of Lewis Carroll

by Lewis Carroll

  Mollie. Then the 8 lines that begin “The astounding infant wonder”—please explain “rôle” and “mise” and “tout ensemble” and “grit.”

  Ethel. Well, Mollie, “rôle” means so many different things, but in “The Demon of the Pit” I should think it meant the leading part of the piece, and “mise” means something extra good introduced, and “tout” means to seek for applause, but “ensemble” means the whole of the parts taken together, and grit means something good.

  Mollie. “And the Goblins prostrate tumble.” What’s “prostrate”?

  Ethel. I believe prostrate means to be cast down and unhappy.

  Mollie. “And his accents shake a bit.” What are “accents”?

  Ethel. To accent is to lay stress upon a word.

  Mollie. “Waits resignedly behind.” What’s “resignedly”?

  Ethel. Resignedly means giving up, yielding.

  Mollie. “They have tripe as light to dream on.” What does “as” mean here? and what does “to dream on” mean?

  Ethel. Mollie, dear, your last question is very funny. In the first place, I have always been told that hot suppers are not good for any one, and I should think that tripe would not be light to dream on but VERY heavy.

  Mollie. Thank you, Ethel.

  I have now nearly finished my little memoir of Lewis Carroll; that is to say, I have written down all that I can remember of my personal knowledge of him. But I think it is from the letters and the diaries published in this book that my readers must chiefly gain an insight into the character of the greatest friend to children who ever lived. Not only did he study children’s ways for his own pleasure, but he studied them in order that he might please them. For instance, here is a letter that he wrote to my little sister Nelly eight years ago, which begins on the last page and is written entirely backwards—a kind of variant on his famous “Looking-Glass” writing. You have to begin at the last word and read backwards before you can understand it. The only ordinary thing about it is the date. It begins—I mean begins if one was to read it in the ordinary way—with the characteristic monogram, C. L. D.

  “Nov. 1, 1891.

  “C. L. D., Uncle loving your! Instead grandson his to it give to had you that so, years 80 or 70 for it forgot you that was it pity a what and: him of fond so were you wonder don’t I and, gentleman old nice very a was he. For it made you that him been have must it see you so: grandfather my was, then alive was that, ‘Dodgson Uncle’ only the. Born was I before long was that, see you, then But. ‘Dodgson Uncle for pretty thing some make I’ll now,’ it began you when, yourself to said you that, me telling her without, knew I course of and: ago years many great a it made had you said she. Me told Isa what from was it? For meant was it who out made I how know you do! Lasted has it well how and. Grandfather my for made had you Antimacassar pretty that me give to you of nice so was it, Nelly dear my.”

  Miss Hatch has also sent me an original letter that Lewis Carroll wrote to her in 1873, about a large wax doll that he had given her. It is interesting to notice that this letter, written long before any of the others that he wrote to me, is identically the same in form and expression. It is a striking proof how fresh and unimpaired the writer’s sympathies must have been. Year after year he retained the same sweet, kindly temperament, and, if anything, his love for children seemed to increase as he grew older.

  “My dear Birdie,—I met her just outside Tom Gate, walking very stiffly, and I think she was trying to find her way to my rooms. So I said, ‘Why have you come here without Birdie?’ So she said, ‘Birdie’s gone! and Emily’s gone! and Mabel isn’t kind to me!’ And two little waxy tears came running down her cheeks.

  “Why, how stupid of me! I’ve never told you who it was all the time! It was your new doll. I was very glad to see her, and I took her to my room, and gave her some vesta matches to eat, and a cup of nice melted wax to drink, for the poor little thing was very hungry and thirsty after her long walk. So I said, ‘Come and sit down by the fire, and let’s have a comfortable chat?’ ‘Oh no! no!’ she said, ‘I’d much rather not. You know I do melt so very easily!’ And she made me take her quite to the other side of the room, where it was very cold: and then she sat on my knee, and fanned herself with a pen-wiper, because she said she was afraid the end of her nose was beginning to melt.

  “‘You’ve no idea how careful we have to be,’ we dolls, she said. ‘Why, there was a sister of mine—would you believe it?—she went up to the fire to warm her hands, and one of her hands dropped right off! There now!’ ‘Of course it dropped right off,’ I said, ‘because it was the right hand.’ ‘And how do you know it was the right hand, Mister Carroll?’ the doll said. So I said, ‘I think it must have been the right hand because the other hand was left.’

  “The doll said, ‘I shan’t laugh. It’s a very bad joke. Why, even a common wooden doll could make a better joke than that. And besides, they’ve made my mouth so stiff and hard, that I can’t laugh if I try ever so much?’ ‘Don’t be cross about it,’ I said, ‘but tell me this: I’m going to give Birdie and the other children one photograph each, which ever they choose; which do you think Birdie will choose?’ ‘I don’t know,’ said the doll; ‘you’d better ask her!’ So I took her home in a hansom cab. Which would you like, do you think? Arthur as Cupid? or Arthur and Wilfred together? or you and Ethel as beggar children? or Ethel standing on a box? or, one of yourself?—Your affectionate friend,

  “Lewis Carroll.”

  Among the bundle of letters and MS. before me, I find written on a half sheet of note-paper the following Ollendorfian dialogue. It is interesting because, slight and trivial as it is, it in some strange way bears the imprint of Lewis Carroll’s style. The thing is written in the familiar violet ink, and neatly dated in the corner 29/9/90:—

  “Let’s go and look at the house I want to buy. Now do be quick! You move so slow! What a time you take with your boots!”

  “Don’t make such a row about it: it’s not two o’clock yet. How do you like this house?”

  “I don’t like it. It’s too far down the hill. Let’s go higher. I heard a nice account of one at the top, built on an improved plan.”

  “What does the rent amount to?”

  “Oh, the rent’s all right: it’s only nine pounds a year.”

  Over all matters connected with letter writing, Lewis Carroll was accustomed to take great pains. All letters that he received that were of any interest or importance whatever he kept, putting them away in old biscuit tins, numbers of which he kept for the purpose.

  “DOLLY VARDEN”

  In 1888 he published a little book which he called “Eight or Nine Wise Words about Letter Writing,” and as this little book of mine is so full of letters, I think I can do no better than make a few extracts:—

  “Write Legibly.—The average temper of the human race would be perceptibly sweeter if every one obeyed this rule! A great deal of the bad writing in the world comes simply from writing too quickly. Of course you reply, ‘I do it to save time.’ A very good object, no doubt; but what right have you to do it at your friend’s expense? Isn’t his time as valuable as yours? Years ago I used to receive letters from a friend—and very interesting letters too—written in one of the most atrocious hands ever invented. It generally took me about a week to read one of his letters! I used to carry it about in my pocket, and take it out at leisure times, to puzzle over the riddles which composed it—holding it in different positions, and at different distances, till at last the meaning of some hopeless scrawl would flash upon me, when I at once wrote down the English under it; and, when several had thus been guessed, the context would help one with the others, till at last the whole series of hieroglyphics was deciphered. If all one’s friends wrote like that, life would be entirely spent in reading their letters.”

  In writing the last wise word, the author no doubt had some of his girl correspondents in his mind’s eye, for he says—

  “My Ninth Rule.—When you get to the
end of a note sheet, and find you have more to say, take another piece of paper—a whole sheet or a scrap, as the case may demand; but, whatever you do, don’t cross! Remember the old proverb, ‘Cross writing makes cross reading.’ ‘The old proverb,’ you say inquiringly; ‘how old?’ Well, not so very ancient, I must confess. In fact I’m afraid I invented it while writing this paragraph. Still you know ‘old’ is a comparative term. I think you would be quite justified in addressing a chicken just out of the shell as ‘Old Boy!’ when compared with another chicken that was only half out!”

  I have another diary to give to my readers, a diary that Lewis Carroll wrote for my sister Maggie when, a tiny child, she came to Oxford to play the child part, Mignon, in “Booties’ Baby.” He was delighted with the pretty play, for the interest that the soldiers took in the little lost girl, and how a mere interest ripened into love, till the little Mignon was queen of the barracks, went straight to his heart. I give the diary in full:—

  “MAGGIE’S VISIT TO OXFORD

  June 9 to 13, 1899

  When Maggie once to Oxford came

  On tour as ‘Booties’ Baby,’

  She said ‘I’ll see this place of fame,

  However dull the day be!’

  So with her friend she visited

  The sights that it was rich in:

  And first of all she poked her head

  Inside the Christ Church Kitchen.

  The cooks around that little child

  Stood waiting in a ring:

  And, every time that Maggie smiled,

  Those cooks began to sing—

  Shouting the Battle-cry of Freedom!

  ‘Roast, boil, and bake,

  For Maggie’s sake!

  Bring cutlets fine,

  For her to dine:

  Meringues so sweet,

  For her to eat—

  For Maggie may be

  Bootles’ Baby!’

  Then hand-in-hand, in pleasant talk,

  They wandered, and admired

  The Hall, Cathedral, and Broad Walk,

  Till Maggie’s feet were tired:

  One friend they called upon—her name

  Was Mrs. Hassall—then

  Into a College Room they came,

  Some savage Monster’s Den!

  ‘And, when that Monster dined, I guess

  He tore her limb from limb?’

  Well, no: in fact, I must confess

  That Maggie dined with him!

  To Worcester Garden next they strolled—

  Admired its quiet lake:

  Then to St. John’s, a College old,

  Their devious way they take.

  In idle mood they sauntered round

  Its lawns so green and flat:

  And in that Garden Maggie found

  A lovely Pussey-Cat!

  A quarter of an hour they spent

  In wandering to and fro:

  And everywhere that Maggie went,

  That Cat was sure to go—

  Shouting the Battle-cry of Freedom!

  ‘Miaow! Miaow!

  Come, make your bow!

  Take off your hats,

  Ye Pussy Cats!

  And purr, and purr,

  To welcome her—

  For Maggie may be

  Bootles’ Baby!’

  So back to Christ Church—not too late

  For them to go and see

  A Christ Church Undergraduate,

  Who gave them cakes and tea.

  Next day she entered, with her guide,

  The Garden called ‘Botanic’:

  And there a fierce Wild-Boar she spied,

  Enough to cause a panic!

  But Maggie didn’t mind, not she!

  She would have faced alone,

  That fierce Wild-Boar, because, you see,

  The thing was made of stone!

  On Magdalen walls they saw a face

  That filled her with delight,

  A giant-face, that made grimace

  And grinned with all its might!

  A little friend, industrious,

  Pulled upwards, all the while,

  The corner of its mouth, and thus

  He helped that face to smile!

  ‘How nice,’ thought Maggie, ‘it would be

  If I could have a friend

  To do that very thing for me,

  And make my mouth turn up with glee,

  By pulling at one end!’

  In Magdalen Park the deer are wild

  With joy that Maggie brings

  Some bread a friend had given the child,

  To feed the pretty things.

  They flock round Maggie without fear:

  They breakfast and they lunch,

  They dine, they sup, those happy deer—

  Still, as they munch and munch,

  Shouting the Battle-cry of Freedom!

  ‘Yes, Deer are we,

  And dear is she!

  We love this child

  So sweet and mild:

  We all rejoice

  At Maggie’s voice:

  We all are fed

  With Maggie’s bread—

  For Maggie may be

  Bootles’ Baby!’

  To Pembroke College next they go,

  Where little Maggie meets

  The Master’s wife and daughter: so

  Once more into the streets.

  They met a Bishop on their way—

  A Bishop large as life—

  With loving smile that seemed to say

  ‘Will Maggie be my wife?’

  Maggie thought not, because, you see,

  She was so very young,

  And he was old as old could be—

  So Maggie held her tongue.

  ‘My Lord, she’s Bootles’ Baby: we

  Are going up and down,’

  Her friend explained, ‘that she may see

  The sights of Oxford-town.’

  ‘Now say what kind of place it is!’

  The Bishop gaily cried.

  ‘The best place in the Provinces!’

  That little maid replied.

  Next to New College, where they saw

  Two players hurl about

  A hoop, but by what rule or law

  They could not quite make out.

  ‘Ringo’ the Game is called, although

  ‘Les Graces’ was once its name,

  When it was—as its name will show—

  A much more graceful Game.

  The Misses Symonds next they sought,

  Who begged the child to take

  A book they long ago had bought—

  A gift for friendship’s sake!

  Away, next morning, Maggie went

  From Oxford-town: but yet

  The happy hours she there had spent

  She could not soon forget.

  The train is gone: it rumbles on:

  The engine-whistle screams:

  But Maggie’s deep in rosy sleep—

  And softly, in her dreams,

  Whispers the Battle-cry of Freedom!

  ‘Oxford, good-bye!’

  She seems to sigh,

  ‘You dear old City,

  With Gardens pretty,

  And lawns, and flowers,

  And College-towers,

  And Tom’s great Bell—

  Farewell, farewell!

  For Maggie may be

  Booties’ Baby!’

  —Lewis Carroll.”

  “A TURK”

  The tale has been often told of how “Alice in Wonderland” came to be written, but it is a tale so well worth the telling again, that, very shortly, I will give it to you here.

  Years ago in the great quadrangle of Christ Church, opposite to Mr. Dodgson, lived the little daughters of Dean Liddell, the great Greek scholar and Dean of Christ Church. The little girls were great friends of Mr. Dodgson’s, and they used often to come to him and to plead with him for a fairy tale. There was never such a teller
of tales, they thought! One can imagine the whole delightful scene with little trouble. That big cool room on some summer’s afternoon, when the air was heavy with flower scents, and the sounds that came floating in through the open window were all mellowed by the distance. One can see him, that good and kindly gentleman, his mobile face all aglow with interest and love, telling the immortal story.

  Round him on his knee sat the little sisters, their eyes wide open and their lips parted in breathless anticipation. When Alice (how the little Alice Liddell who was listening must have loved the tale!) rubbed the mushroom and became so big that she quite filled the little fairy house, one can almost hear the rapturous exclamations of the little ones as they heard of it.

  The story, often continued on many summer afternoons, sometimes in the cool Christ Church rooms, sometimes in a slow gliding boat in a still river between banks of rushes and strange bronze and yellow waterflowers, or sometimes in a great hay-field, with the insects whispering in the grass all round, grew in its conception and idea.

  Other folk, older folk, came to hear of it from the little ones, and Mr. Dodgson was begged to write it down. Accordingly the first MS. was prepared with great care and illustrated by the author. Then, in 1865, memorable year for English children, “Alice” appeared in its present form, with Sir John Tenniel’s drawings.

  In 1872 “Alice Through the Looking-Glass,” appeared, and was received as warmly as its predecessor. That fact, I think, proves most conclusively that Lewis Carroll’s success was a success of absolute merit, and due to no mere mood or fashion of the public taste. I can conceive nothing more difficult for a man who has had a great success with one book than to write a sequel which should worthily succeed it. In the present case that is exactly what Lewis Carroll did. “Through the Looking-Glass” is every whit as popular and charming as the older book. Indeed one depends very much upon the other, and in every child’s book-shelves one sees the two masterpieces side by side.