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canasta, 105
cancer, 326, 329
capitalism, 282–83, 324
Cappelli, Peter, 88, 89
CAPS (Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy), 317
card playing, 93, 94, 95, 98, 102–5, 103, 105, 110, 183, 185, 193, 265–66, 268, 283, 300, 367
see also specific games
careers:
shape of, 249
see also employment
Carnegie, Andrew, 117, 374
Carnegie Mellon University, 331
carpooling, 213
see also commuting
cars, see automobiles
Carson, Rachel, 17
Cashman, Sean Dennis, 369, 371, 373
casino gambling, 104–5
Castells, Manuel, 174
Catholics, 75–76, 78, 185, 375–76, 392
philanthropic giving by, 124, 125, 126, 127
Catholic schools, 302–4
CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), 235–36
CDVOs (Civilian Defense Volunteer Offices), 270
Celebration, Fla., 408
celebrities, World War II and, 271
cell phones, 166
Census Bureau, 174, 206, 277
census forms, 142, 348
Central Park, 395
chain migration, 390
chain stores, 187, 282–83, 376
Challenger explosion, 243
channel surfing, 226
charities, 59, 67, 118
finances of, 124, 125, 126, 127, 127
see also philanthropy
Charles, Jeffrey A., 381
charter schools, 363
chat groups, 170
see also Internet
Chautauqua movement, 391–92, 410
cheating, 137, 176, 347–48
see also honesty
Cheers, 96, 101, 108
Chicago, Ill., 152, 269, 283, 304–5, 312, 313–14, 321, 371, 373, 393, 412
Chicago, University of, 16, 302, 397
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS), 317
child care, 107, 190, 194, 197, 299, 346, 363
child labor, 373, 390, 398
children, 296–306
education of, see education; schools
health of, 296, 297–99, 308
neglect and abuse of, 135, 298–99, 310, 393
parenting of, see parenting
socialization of, 236–37, 245, 395, 396
supervision of, 299, 305, 307, 313–15, 346
see also young people
Christian Coalition, 161–62
local church connections and, 153, 162
Christie, Agatha, 184
churches, 16, 21, 23, 27, 49, 51, 59, 65–79, 95, 118, 274, 275, 283, 313, 390, 404, 408–10
in African American community, 68–69, 76–77, 313, 321, 362, 392
attendance at, 70–73, 71, 79, 97, 101, 107, 114, 161, 183, 185, 186, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 198–99, 200–201, 204, 205, 206, 207, 213, 233, 234, 237, 247, 249, 250, 251–54, 255, 259, 261, 265, 266, 268, 284, 299, 300, 301, 312, 321, 342, 343, 355, 362
civic recruitment in, 66–69, 77–78, 79, 89, 119, 120, 122, 128–29, 132, 161–62, 339
finances of, 124–27, 125
memberships of, 65–66, 69–70, 70, 71–72, 79
parochial schools and, 302–4
religious conservatism and, 161–62, 180
social services provided by, 67–69, 77–78, 79, 391–92, 395
see also religion, religiosity; religious groups; specific faith groups
cigarettes, 241, 327, 328, 329, 331
ciphering, 412
circulatory problems, 327, 329
cities, 96, 119, 185, 214, 370–72, 404, 407–8
community and church involvement in, 205–8, 206, 207, 312–18
heterogeneity of, 208–9
immigrants in, 371–72, 374, 381
poverty and social conditions in, 307, 308, 312–18, 368, 370, 373–74, 378–80, 391
social trust in, 138, 145, 313–14, 315–17, 318
see also suburbs, suburbanization; urbanization
Citizen Schools program, 405
citizenship, citizens, 393
engagement and, 35, 132, 137, 336–49, 405
historical roots of, 345–47
after 1960s social movements, 154– 166
by proxy, 159–60, 341–43, 377– 378
public and private participation of, 336–44
see also democracy
city manager system, 398
civic associations, 48–64, 81, 93, 117–18, 322
commercialization and professionalization of, 51–52, 53, 378
external and internal effects of, 338
financial support of, 51, 52, 56, 63
founding of, 383–91, 384, 385, 386–87, 388, 437–44
geographic concentration of, 49–51, 291
investments in, 61–62, 63
local chapters of, 51, 53, 63, 158, 184
membership in, 49, 52–64, 54, 57, 66–68, 119, 183, 185, 186, 195, 204, 205, 214, 218, 249, 249, 254, 265, 267–72, 278, 290, 291–92, 296, 326, 333, 334
in national policy debate, 50–52
number of, 49, 50, 51, 52–53
popularity of, 58
service and meeting attendance in, 59–62, 60, 61, 63–64, 66, 67, 72, 96, 97–98, 108, 183, 185, 186, 191, 192, 193–94, 195, 196, 199, 201, 202–3, 204, 205, 206, 213, 220, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 236, 237, 238, 246, 247, 250, 251, 256, 266, 278, 279, 290, 292, 300, 301, 333–34, 335, 338, 342
in World War II, 268–70
civic disengagement, 284
accounting for, 183–284
economic and time pressures in, 187–203
generational change and, 247–76; see also generational change
initial causes of, 185
mobility, sprawl and, 204–15
technology, mass media and, 216–46
civic engagement:
cooperative vs. expressive, 43–46, 229
countertrends in, 148–80
future of, 256, 402–14
measures of, 25–26, 415–16, 417
social capital and, see social capital
civic journalism, 410
civics education, 405
civil defense, 268, 269
civil disobedience, see demonstrations and rallies
Civilian Defense Volunteer Offices (CDVOs), 270
civility, 46, 142
see also reciprocity
civil liberties, 352, 353, 354, 356
civil rights movement, 18, 33, 68, 78, 148, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 158, 164, 187, 257, 259, 271, 362
Civil War, U.S., 117, 267, 309, 368, 370, 383
class, 17, 23, 108, 111, 112, 186, 241, 271, 331, 339
segregation by, 208, 214, 375–76, 396
social trust and, 138
classical music, 237
Cleveland, Ohio, 397
Clinton, Bill, 32, 255
Clinton, Iowa, 375
club movement, 383
coastal management, 163
cocaine, crack, 144
Cochran, Thomas, 392–93
Co-Dependents Anonymous, 150
coffee bars, 93, 102
Cohen, Cathy J., 343
colds, 326, 331
Coleman, James S., 19–20, 302–3, 304
Coleman, Jeff, 22
collective action, 323
dilemmas of, 45, 288, 403
collective bargaining, 80, 81–82
collective protest, 153
see also social movements
colleges and universities, 18, 21, 306
student activism at, 148, 153, 156, 165
Colorado, 163
Colson, Charles, 78
Comer, James, 304
comics, 268
commerce:
regional shift in, 82
see also economy
Commerce Department, U.S., 63, 398
Common Cause, 157, 158
/>
communication, 376–77, 381, 398
computer-mediated (CMC), see Internet
in workplace, 90–92
see also letter writing; technology; telecommunications
community, 21
marketing of, 209, 210
meanings of, 273–75, 275, 358, 371
nostalgia for, 24–26, 139, 287, 378–80, 402
size of, 119, 419
spatial fragmentation and, 213–15
community chests, 117
Community Development Corporations, 408
community development grants, 347
community groups and organizations, 27, 95, 119–20, 120, 206
activities of, 15–16, 128, 130, 132, 138, 149, 183, 202, 203, 204, 206, 218, 220, 224, 231, 233, 234, 236, 248, 250, 251, 261, 279, 300, 312, 314
see also volunteering
community policing, 317–18
commuting, 21, 185, 211–15, 283, 407–8
mass transit and, 212–13
time spent on, 212, 213–14
computer and video games, 104–5, 223
computers, 90, 95, 223, 223, 245, 324–25, 410–11
see also information technology; Internet
Comstock, George, 237
concerts, see music groups and concerts
Concord, Mass., 342
Congress, U.S., 27, 272, 397
letter-writing campaigns to, 43, 44, 45, 46, 186, 228, 229, 251, 279, 342
Connecticut, 301
consciousness-raising groups, 149
consensus, 337, 341
conservatives, 342
Constitution, U.S., 336, 399, 409, 410
construction industry, 82
consumer protection, 398
convalescent care, see health care
Cooley, Charles Horton, 379
cooperation, 22, 35, 46, 80, 142, 147, 176, 288, 362
see also reciprocity
cooperatives, 346
Cornell University, 180
corporations, 118, 369, 374, 381
suburban headquarters of, 211
see also businesses
Cortes, Ernesto, 408
cotton economy, 323
country clubs, 22
crack cocaine, 144
crime, 20, 137
ecological theories of, 307–8
neighborhood effects and, 310–18
poverty and, 307, 312–13, 314
rates of, 107, 144, 144, 146, 205, 207, 296, 308–10, 309, 318, 368
reform and, 370, 373–74
regional differences in, 309–10
victims of, 138, 308
Croatian immigrants, 390
Croly, Herbert, 377, 382
Crosby, Bing, 269
Crucible, The (Miller), 354
Crystal Cathedral, 66
Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 238–40
cultural activities, 404, 411–12
see alsospecific cultural activities
dairy industry, 323
Dallas, Tex., 15
Dance Exchange, 411–12
dancing, 217, 411–12
Danielsen, Karen, 210
Darley, John M., 93 n
dating, interracial, 352
Davis, James C., 357
Dawson, Michael C., 343
day care centers, 270, 345
Dayton, Ohio, 283
D-Day, 259
DDB Needham Life Style survey, 59, 60, 98, 109, 196, 214, 223, 226, 240, 243, 263, 265, 310, 333, 420–24, 423
death:
premature, 326, 329
see also suicide
Death and Life of Great AmericanCities, The (Jacobs), 308
Debs, Eugene, 392
declensionist narratives, 24–26
defense spending, 281
see also military
delinquency, see crime
Delli Carpini, Michael, 257–58
democracy, 173, 336–49, 381
civic skills developed in, 337, 338–44
extremism in, 338, 340–42
face-to-face interactions in, 336–44
participatory, 18, 336–49, 367
psychic engagement and, 342–43; seealso politics and public affairs, interest in
self-interest in, 135
see also citizenship, citizens; govern- ment; politics and public affairs
Democratic Party, 37, 185, 269
demonstrations and rallies, 35, 41, 41, 44, 152, 156, 158, 160, 164–65, 165, 170, 186, 259, 346, 392
Demosclerosis (Rauch), 340
dentists, 83
Denver, Colo., 371
depression, 179, 234, 239, 261–65, 299, 326, 331–35
Depression, Great, see Great Depression
Dertouzos, Michael L., 172, 175, 179
de Souza Briggs, Xavier, 21, 23
Detroit, Mich., 318, 343
Detroit Free Press, 240
Dewey, John, 116, 337, 377, 378, 397, 404
Diana, Princess of Wales, 244
dictatorships, 173
diet, 327, 329
see also eating
Dietrich, Marlene, 269
digital divide, 174–75, 411
Dilbeck, Pat, 16
DiMaggio, Joe, 271
Dimaggio, Paul, 321
Diner, Steven, 371, 374
dining out, 96, 97, 100, 101–2, 102
dinner parties, 94, 97, 100, 108, 110, 183, 185, 186, 203, 231, 234, 237, 265–66, 278, 279, 291, 329, 333, 334, 335, 352, 362
direct mail, 39, 154, 156–59, 160, 164
disease, 370, 373
see also health
Disraeli, Benjamin, 380
divorce, 27, 96, 146–47, 151, 187, 258, 259, 267, 277–79
see also marriage
dog walking, 228
Doheny-Farina, Stephen, 178
Dole, Bob, 32
Dorchester Temple Baptist Church, 66
Dorr, Rheta Childe, 396
downsizing, 88, 90
drugs, illegal, 144, 187, 258, 305, 310, 311, 312, 313, 315, 341
Duany, Andres, 210
Du Bois, W. E. B., 390–91, 394
Duguid, Paul, 172, 174, 176
Dunne, Finley Peter, 372
Du Pont, 369
Durkheim, Émile, 326, 380
Earls, Felton, 313–14
Earth Day 1970, 152, 155
Easter services, 170
Easton, Ohio, 408
Eastwood, Clint, 24
eating, 192, 227, 237, 327, 332
see also dining out; dinner parties; families, evening meal and
Eccles, Robert G., 175–77
Ecclesiastes, 402
economic organizations, see professional societies; unions
economic pressures, 187, 189–203, 205–6, 215, 241, 247, 258, 259, 261, 267, 283
volunteering and, 192–94, 195, 199, 200–201
see also income; poverty; wealth
economy:
global, 88, 187, 282–83, 325, 403
industrial, 82, 145–46, 368–70
service, 82, 187
structure and scale of, 187, 282–83, 367–68, 369–70, 371–72, 374–75, 381–82
ecumenical religious organizations, 22
EDF (Environmental Defense Fund), 53, 158
education, 46, 205, 213, 280, 296–306, 409
free time and, 190–91
generational change and, 254–55, 257
health and happiness and, 328, 333, 334
levels and rates of, 16, 18, 35, 54, 57, 62, 82, 89, 94, 96, 108, 118–19, 120, 150, 162, 174, 186–87, 193–94, 195, 199, 201, 203, 258, 297, 299, 301, 305, 308, 312, 321, 339, 340, 348, 418–19
mass media and, 218, 220, 222, 224, 228, 229, 237, 238, 243
reform of, 305, 363, 368, 372, 378, 391–92, 395
social context of, 19, 20, 296–306
spending on, 256, 299, 301
see also schools
Education Department, U.S., 405
Elazar, Daniel, 294, 346–47
election campaigns, 412
citizen participation in, 31–32, 32, 37, 38–39, 39, 41–42, 41, 46, 258, 261, 339, 398; see also voting
interest in, 37, 46, 162
see also politics and public affairs
elections:
of 1912, 381
of 1942, 269
of 1960, 31, 255
of 1992, 42
of 1996, 31, 38, 162, 255
electrical workers, 392
electricity, 368, 369, 376, 377
Electronic Frontier Foundation, 172
elevator, 368
Eliot, T. S., 217
Ellis, Susan, 267
e-mail, 90, 92, 95, 105, 175, 231
see also Internet
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 24
emoticons, 175
employment, 94–95, 119, 205, 227, 249, 316, 419
application for, 137, 138
changing conditions of, 86–90, 213, 313, 320, 323–25, 368, 372, 378, 381–82, 406–7
civic engagement and, 189, 191, 196–203, 319–25; see also work- related organizations
contingent, 82, 90
informal connections and, 289, 290, 312, 319–20, 324, 363
job satisfaction and, 90–91
for personal vs. financial reasons, 196–201, 197, 198, 200
in policing and law, 145–47, 145
regional shift in, 82, 323–25
security of, 82, 90, 189, 193, 306, 324
of women, 81, 89, 94–95, 185, 187, 188, 190, 194–203, 267, 312, 352, 390, 396, 397, 403, 406
see also workplace
Encarta 2000 World Almanac, 385
Encyclopedia of Associations, 49, 52
End of Liberalism (Lowi), 340
English-only movement, 371
entertainment, 377–78, 403, 410–11
individualization and privatization of, 216–17, 223–24, 229–35, 230, 231, 232, 233, 242, 245, 246, 266
see also leisure; television
entrepreneurship, 322, 324–25, 384
environmental concerns, 17, 42, 53, 148, 152, 153, 155–58, 156, 160–61, 162, 259–60, 342, 345, 398, 403, 406, 412
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), 53, 158
Episcopalians, 77
Equal Rights Amendment, 155
ER, 245, 341
Ethington, Philip, 399
ethnic communities, 23, 307
employment in, 320, 322
see also fraternal organizations; immigrants, immigration
evangelical Protestants, 76–78, 126, 161–62, 180, 409, 410
exercise, 107, 110–11, 111, 112, 241, 327, 329, 331
see also sports
extension schools, 391
extremism, 338, 340–42
factories, 368–69, 406, 409
Falwell, Jerry, 161
families, 21, 73, 166, 248, 274, 277–79, 313, 314, 316–17, 329, 332, 335, 371, 406, 419
child development and, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301–2, 303, 305, 346
evening meal and, 100–101, 101, 183, 186, 212, 223, 227, 266, 281, 343
female-headed, 174
job contacts and, 319, 320–21