by Emma Craigie
Michel, Ernst, Promises to Keep (Barricade Books, 1993)
Milburn, Clara Emily, Mrs Milburn’s Diaries (Fontana, 1979)
Millgate, Helen D. ed., Mr Brown’s War: A Diary of the Home Front (The History Press, 1998)
Moorehead, Alan, Eclipse (Hamish Hamilton, 1946)
Nicolson, Harold, Diaries and Letters 1939–45 (Collins, 1967)
Niven, David, The Moon’s a Balloon (Penguin, 1971)
O’Donnell, James P., The Bunker (Da Capo Press, 2001)
Overy, Richard, Russia’s War (Penguin, 1997)
Palmer, Svetlana, and Wallis, Sarah, We Were Young and at War (Collins, 2009)
Reuth, Ralph Georg, Goebbels (Constable, 1993)
Roberts, Geoffrey, Stalin’s General (Icon, 2012)
Royle, Trevor, Patton (Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2005)
Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan, Seven Stars (Texas A&M University Press, 2004)
Schellenberg, Walter, Hitler’s Secret Service (Harper, 1956)
Schlesinger, Stephen C., Act of Creation: The Founding of the United Nations (Westview Press, 2003)
Sellier, Claus, Walking Away from the Third Reich (Hellgate Press, 1999)
Sereny, Gitta, Albert Speer, His Battle with Truth (Macmillan, 1995)
Sereny, Gitta, The German Trauma (Penguin, 2000)
Service, Robert, Russia (Penguin, 1997)
Service, Robert, Stalin (Pan, 2004)
Shelden, Michael, Orwell (Heinemann, 1991)
Shepherd, Ben, After Daybreak: The Liberation of Belsen (Jonathan Cape, 2005)
Smith, Marcus J., Dachau: The Harrowing of Hell (State University of New York Press, 1995)
Stafford, David, Endgame 1945 (Little, Brown, 2007)
Stargardt, Nicholas, Witnesses of War (Pimlico, 2006)
Swaab, Jack, Field of Fire: Diary of a Gunnery Officer (Sutton, 2005)
Taylor, Frederick, Dresden (Bloomsbury, 2004)
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, The Last Days of Hitler (Pan, 2002)
Truman, Harry S., 1945: Year of Decision (New World City, 2014)
Tyas, Stephen, and Witte, Peter, Himmler’s Diary 1945: A Calendar of Events Leading to Suicide (Fonthill, 2014)
Vassiltchikov, Marie ‘Missie’, The Berlin Diaries 1940–1945 (Pimlico, 1999)
Weale, Adrian, Patriot Traitors (Viking, 2001)
Wermuth, Henry, Breath Deeply My Son (Vallentine Mitchell, 1993)
Whicker, Alan, Within Whicker’s World (Elm Tree Books, 1982)
Other Sources
The Observer, 29th April 1945
The Times, 30th April 1945
The Daily Telegraph, 30th April 1945
New York Times, 30th April 1945
Der Spiegel
The Atlantic Times Archive, http://www.the-atlantic-times.com/archive
BBC, WW2 People’s War, http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/
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YouTube, ‘Ten Days to Victory’, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LejBUZ41b9o Ten Days to Victory
Bomber Command Museum of Canada, http://www.bombercommandmuseum.ca/
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YouTube, ‘Traudl Junge Interview’, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h3I0pm14cRU
Uboat.net, http://uboat.net
BBC, ‘29/10/1955’, In Town Tonight, http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00nw1kn
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http://individual.utoronto.ca/jarekg/Ravensbruck/LastDays.html
Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library, The Avalon Project
Index
2nd New Zealand Division 64, 123, 130, 160–1, 236
30 Assault Unit 142–3, 163, 165, 171
51st Highland Division 229
79th Mountain Artillery Regiment 85
150th Rifle Division, Soviet army 195, 197, 198, 238, 265
3323rd SIAM (Signals Information and Monitoring) company 219
Abbey Road Studios 15
Achterveld, Netherlands 226
Alexander, Field Marshal Sir Harold 177, 182, 265
Alexander, Michael 42
Alibekov, Aitkalia 77
Allach, Dachau 210–11
Allied Forces
advance in Holland 89
advance in Italy 64–5, 74
American and Russians meet in Germany 77
looting and atrocities 269–70
Munich advance 73, 97–8, 240, 243–4
Alper, Benedict 172
Altaussee 81
American forces 77
Amery, John 115–17, 132–3, 289
Amery, Leo 115, 116
Amsterdam 247
Andreas-Friedrich, Ruth 218, 219, 223, 268
Animal Farm 83–4
anti-Semitism in Vienna 17
Antonov, General 274
Arctic convoys 162, 163, 182
Argentina 282
Arlosoroff, Victor 46
astrology 59
atomic bomb 257–8
Auden, W. H. 155–6
Audisio, Walter 64
Aung San 284
Auschwitz 69, 234, 266–7
Axmann, Artur 292
Bader, Lieutenant 118
Baird-Murray, Lieutenant Commander 225
Barrington, Jonah 262
BBC
American Commentary 106
The Brains Trust 124
Broadcasting House 169
The Daily Dozen 75
Forces Programme 84
news bulletins 169–70
reports on concentration camps 69
Teaching Soldiers to Read 124
Bedell Smith, Major-General Walter 233, 245–6
Beer Hall Putsch 20–1, 37
Beerbohm, Hans-Heinrich 190
Behrens, Manja 113
von Below, Nicolaus 70, 133–4, 141, 185, 289
Benn, Tony 192–3
Berchtesgaden 97, 269–70
Bergen-Belsen 67, 68–9, 101, 166–8, 169, 200, 231
Berghof, Obersalzberg 54, 97
Berlin see also Reichstag
citizens surrender 162
food shortages 82, 223, 269
Hitler plans for relief 175–6
Hitler Youth defences 158
Olympic Stadium 181
Pichelsdorf Bridge 158, 178, 195
plans for Berlin relief 175–6
Russian advance 26, 32, 43, 44, 72, 95, 100, 280
Tiergarten 44, 51, 176
Wenck attempts to create escape route 113, 176
Wilhelmstrasse 104
Berlin, Irving 15
Bernadotte, Count Folke 24, 59, 60, 150
Bernhard, Prince of the Netherlands 226, 227, 233
Birkenau 234
Bletchley Park 149–50, 158, 160, 169
Bloemraad, H. 170
Blondi (dog) 111–12, 151–2
Blum, Léon 40, 255
Boldt, Gerhard
after the war 290
discusses Hitler’s marriage 75–6
escape options 95
escaping through Berlin 159, 176, 178, 181, 185, 195, 271, 274
leaves bunker 133
plan to contact Wenck 103–4, 112, 125
sleeping arrangements 75–6
Bond, James 143, 231, 294
Boniface Reports 261
Bormann, Gerda 113, 292
Bormann, Martin
appearance 56–7
attempts to escape 291–2
background 291
contacts Russians 273
death 292
discusses action after Hitler’s death 260
drafts Göring’s dismissal order 44
drinking 112–13, 199
farewell meeting with Hitler 248
Hitler informs him of planned death 232
informs Dönitz of succession 266
murder of Kadow 58
nickname 57, 291
possibly seen by David Niven 221
removes Hitler and Braun’s bodes 252–3
secretarial role 57–8, 191, 291
sex life 113
wakes on Monday 214
witnesses Hitler’s final testament 70
witnesses Hitler’s marriage 54, 56
writes diary entry 73
Borsum, Lisa 216
Bowlly, Al 15–16, 28
Bracker, Milton 99
Brandenburg Gate 44, 51
Braun, Eva
appearance 31
begs for life of brother-in-law 33
body discovered 314
bunker room 32
chooses final clothes 232, 238
discusses death 140–1
drinks with staff 59, 62, 191
earlier suicide attempt 54
final letters 45, 294–5, 308
gives fur coat to Traudl Junge 225
goes to Reich Chancellery garden 201
last meeting with staff 248–9
lunch with Hitler 140
marries Hitler 26, 31, 42, 52–3, 54, 55–6, 58–9, 62
meets Hitler 53–4
nickname for Hitler 54
opinion of Bormann 57
sleeping arrangements 72
suicide 194, 252
Braun, Gretl 33, 248, 294–5
von Braun, Wernher 208, 209–10
Braunau-am-Inn 276
Bremen 142–3, 229–31
British Army Film and Photo Unit 99, 100, 168
Britten, Benjamin 168
Brooke, Field Marshal Sir Alan 264–5
Brooklyn Navy Yard 161
Brown, Richard 149
Buchenwald 47, 207, 220, 276
Buckner, General Simon Bolivar 201–2
Burgdorf, General Wilhelm
background 63
death 292, 303
discusses action after Hitler’s death 260
drinking 112–13, 199
witnesses Hitler’s final testament 70
burials
Fegelein, Hermann 32
Hitler, Adolf 265–6
Burma 128–9, 144, 150–1, 283–5
Burma Defence Army 284
Burney, Captain C.A.G. 276
Busse, General 176, 313
Cadogan, Sir Alexander 315
Capa, Robert 171
Chamberlain, Neville 149
Channel Islands occupation 212–14
chemical weapons 231
Chequers 176, 182, 224
chewing gum 159
Chicago Herald-American 105, 198–9
Cho, General Isamu 126, 152
Christian, Gerda
decides to break out 279
escapes from bunker 292–3
escaping through Berlin 302
farewell meeting with Hitler 248
Hitler gives her cyanide 141
last meal with Hitler 237
sleeping in Führerbunker 38, 199
Christianity in Japan 34
Chuikov, General 302–3
Churchill, Winston
after the war 293
announces end of London bombings 50–1
arrival in Downing Street on Monday 260–1
character 177–8
film watching 176–7
health 183
hears of German surrender in Italy 177, 182
learns of Hitler’s death 287–8
opinion of Stalin 63
relationship with Montgomery 173
sends Poland cable 146–7
sets himself on fire 224–5
telegrams to Truman 65, 261
visits Reich Chancellery 315
War Cabinet meetings 264–5
work habits 225
Yalta Conference 65–7
clothing
from Auschwitz 138
plunder 139
wedding dresses 31, 52–3
Cold War 270
Colville, Sir Jock 147, 183
concentration camps see also Auschwitz;
Bergen-Belsen; Birkenau; Buchenwald;
Dachau; Mauthausen; Ravensbrück;
Sachsenhausen
experiments on prisoners 189, 231
food after liberation 211
Confessing Church 40, 180
Cooke, Alistair 106–7, 122
Coward, Noël 274–5
Cox, Major Geoffrey
after the war 293
opinion on German soldiers 101–2, 145
Padua 64–5, 73–4, 80, 100–1, 123, 130
Trieste orders 161
Venice 154–5, 236, 254, 259–60, 270
Cramer, Annmarie 217–18
Cramer, Ernst 217, 218
Crimea 65–6
Cunningham, Sir Andrew 264
cutlery 69
cyanide 140–1, 151–2, 194, 252
Czechoslovakia 60, 169, 215, 228–9, 261
D-Day 27
Dachau
Allied liberation 98, 120, 128, 134–6, 147–9, 210–11, 250
crematorium 243
hospital 223–4
railway wagons 131–2, 203
Schenck’s experiments 189
signposts 203
Daily Express 209, 262, 278
Daily Mail 230
Daily Telegraph 206–7
Dalzel-Job, Lieutenant Commander Patrick 141–3, 163, 165, 171, 293–4
Damaschke, Willi 214
dancing 171–2
Danish prisoners 216
Davies, Joseph E. 256–7
de Guingand, Major-General Sir Francis 90, 226, 233, 238, 245
de Jong, Arie 91
Deedes, Major Bill 269
Dempster, Captain Edward 179, 182 Denmark 216
diary sources 27, 93, 149, 229
Dietrich, Captain Willi 162, 163, 179
Dimbleby, Richard 69
Ditzen, Elisabeth 241
dogs 111–12, 151–2
Dönitz, Admiral Karl
after the war 294
appointed by Hitler as successor 36, 87, 266
informs Himmler of succession 271–2, 285
meets with Himmler 244
ordered to act against traitors 191
ordered to arrest Himmler 74
orders retreat from Czechoslovakia 169
sends instructions to rescue couriers 272–3
U-boat design 281
Dr Koester’s Anti-Gas Pills 110–11
Dresden 90–1, 138
von Dufving, Colonel 268
Dutch resistance 88, 92
Dzhugashvili, Iosif Vissarionovich see Stalin, Joseph
Dzhugashvili, Yakov (Stalin’s son) 42
Earle, Major Peter 173
East Prussia evacuation 218
eavesdropping 100
Eden, Anthony 66, 105
Eichorn, Rabbi David 134
Eichstätt 76
Eisenhower, General Dwight D. 79, 89, 220, 261, 274
Eisenhower, John 219–21
Elphinstone, John 42
Etkind, Michael 288
eugenics 22
executions
Fegelein, Hermann 32, 35
Scholl, Sophie 36
von Falkenhausen, General Alexander 61–2
Farrell, General Edelmiro 282
Fegelein, Gretl see Braun, Gretl
Fegelein, Hermann
32–3, 35, 248
Fisher, Private Manny 166
Flegel, Sister Erna 189, 295, 311
Fleming, Ian 142, 143, 231, 294
food airdrops 89–92, 226
food shortages 82, 89, 97, 159, 223
Fortheimer, Adolf 22
Frank, Anne 69, 247
Frank, Karl Hermann 158, 160, 169, 215, 228
Frank, Otto 247
fraternisation 139–40
Freyberg, General 74
von Friedeburg, Admiral 174
Friedlander, Richard 46, 47
Friedmann, Sarah 211
Frölich, Erika 186–7, 221–2, 285
Führerbunker
construction 23–4
Hitler’s bedroom 109
Hitler’s study 50, 69, 258
Fulton, James 163
furniture 32
G, Lieselotte 164–5
gas chambers 234, 266
Germany, Yalta Conference agreement 66
Gerzen, Henry 136
Gestapo see also Müller, Heinrich
creation 22
escaping Germany via ‘White Buses’ 216
headquarters assault 73
Gies, Miep 247
Goebbels children
bodies discovered 314
breakfast 208
bunker bedroom 47
clothes 206
last bedtime 272
last meal 250, 252
murdered 295
playing 71–2, 118–19, 248
singing 156
Goebbels, Harald 45, 47, 48
Goebbels, Joseph
appearance 56–7
asked to arrange Hitler’s marriage 26, 42
becomes Propaganda Minister 22
body discovered 314
contacts Russians 273
decision to commit suicide 47, 71
diaries 314
dictates final testament 70–1, 73
discusses action after Hitler’s death 260
early opinion of Hitler 57
farewell meeting with Hitler 248, 249, 250
final letters 45, 48–9, 308
Hitler Youth farewel party 156
meets Magda 47
propaganda mythology 57
stays in Berlin 24, 71
suicide 295
title 56
witnesses Hitler’s final testament 70
witnesses Hitler’s marriage 54, 56
Goebbels, Magda
body discovered 314
bunker room 46
decision to commit suicide 47, 48
early life 46–7
farewell meeting with Hitler 248, 250, 251
final letters 45, 48, 308
health 47
listens to children have breakfast 208
meets Joseph 47
puts children to bed 272
status 46
suicide 295
unofficial first lady role 46
Goebel, Robert 137
Goldner, Leo 210–11
Gonin, Lieutenant Colonel Mervin 168
Gorch Fock 190
Gordon-Creed, Lieutenant Colonel Geoffrey 242–3
Göring, Hermann
after the war 295–6