Alice, Princess, 219, 221
Allcorn, Frank, 262, 269, 279
Allied Control Commission, 4, 88, 93, 95
Allies, 1–2
divisions among, 3–4, 12–13, 50
German Operation Wool against, 252
invasion of Berlin by, 82, 247–248, 259
See also specific topics
American Jewish Committee, 214, 216
American public
death of FDR and, 287–288, 290–291
FDR and, 101–102, 182–184, 186, 187, 190, 223, 293–294
health of FDR and, 6–7
selling Yalta conference to, 182–185
Soviet Union and, 223
United Nations and, 4, 14, 101–102, 183, 190, 223
Yalta address and, 190
Anderson, Howard, 280
Anglo-American Alliance, 49
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry, 162
Anglo-Americans
Bern incident and, 203–204, 229, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
differences with Stalin, 203, 264
Anglo-Soviet Treaty of Alliance, 76
Anthony, George, 231
Arabs. See Egyptian trip; Palestinian problem
Ardennes battle, 1–2, 10, 12, 56, 82
Armstrong, Hamilton Fish, 102
Asia
FDR and purpose of war in, 59–60
Soviet-American cooperation and postwar, 119, 120
See also specific Asian countries
Athlone, Earl of, 219, 221
Atlantic Charter, 2–4, 14, 15, 55, 96
Yalta conference and, 136, 137, 179, 183, 190, 298
atomic bomb, development
Britain and, 171–174, 206
Churchill, Winston, and, 171–173, 205–206
Einstein and, 171, 208
Germany and, 171
Hyde Park Memorandum, 206, 208
Manhattan Project, 172, 205–208
Maud Report, 171–172
US and, 117, 171–173, 205–208
atomic bomb, international control of
Bohr and, 205–206
Churchill, Winston, and, 205–206
UN Charter, 207
US and, 205–207
atomic bomb, usage
on Japan, 206, 208
resistance to, 205, 207–208
US and, 207–208
atomic energy research, 174
Azores, 39
Bachelder, Toinette “Toi,” 270, 274
Ball, Joseph A., 2
Barkley, Alben, 185–186
Baruch, Bernard, 225, 228
Beary, Jim, 274, 275
Benes, Eduard, 97, 98, 127, 134
Berlin, invasion of, 82–83, 247–248, 259
Bern incident, 203–204, 228, 229, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
Bethesda Naval Hospital, 218
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 294
Big Three, 4, 41–42
peace after victory for, 213
Big Three conferences
Chandor sketch of Big Three at Yalta, 214, 215
Livadia Palace photo session, 129
See also Tehran conference; Yalta conference
bill of human rights, international, 214, 216
Bingham and Garfield Railroad, 35
Blaustein, Jacob, 214, 216
Bliss Lane, Arthur, 97, 120
Boettiger, John, 8, 182, 192, 218, 255
Bohlen, Charles, 77, 92, 106, 115, 132, 173, 176, 197, 198
Bohr, Niels, 205–206
Bonner, Daisy, 240
Brady, Dorothy, 19, 233, 266, 270
Brazil, monazite deposits, 173
Britain
aid to Soviet Union from, 75–76
atomic bomb development and, 171–174, 206
competition over Europe with Soviet Union, 57
death of FDR and, 291
France and, 79
Greece and, 3, 9, 52, 196
Italy and, 3, 49, 51
Malta and, 44–48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60
Middle East oil and, 149
Palestinian problem and, 145–150
Parliament and Poland, 184
Poland and, 105, 115, 122–123, 128, 130, 132, 184, 196, 263–264
problems between US and, 48–50, 171–173
Saudi Arabia and, 158–159
state trip to, 224
United Nations and, 52–54
victory over Germans in Egypt, 170–171
White Paper of 1939, 146, 147, 148, 150
See also Anglo-Americans; Churchill, Winston; specific topics
British Chiefs of Staff, 49, 247–248
single-thrust strategy of, 56–57
See also Combined Chiefs of Staff
British delegation, to Yalta conference, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 61
Vorontzov Palace housing of, 68–69
See also Yalta conference
British imperialism
Churchill, Winston, and, 171
Soviet-American cooperation and, 119
US and, 51, 59
Brown, Betty, 269
Brown, Wilson, 32, 37, 40–42, 153, 178
Bruenn, Howard, 5, 6, 192, 225
at Warm Springs, 242–243, 254, 259, 268, 274–278, 280, 281, 286
Yalta trip and, 32, 62, 70, 74, 84, 87, 112–113, 125, 177
Bulloch, Martha Stewart, 239
Bush, Vannevar, 171, 207
Byrnes, James, 22, 35, 84–85, 103, 115, 182–183, 192, 227, 235
Cadogan, Alexander, 63, 101, 110
Canada, 199–200, 262
Carver Cottage, 273, 275
Casablanca conference, 46, 48, 79
Catholic Church, 36, 37, 118, 119
Catoctin, USS, 66, 67, 142, 167
Chamberlain, Neville, 145
Chandor, Douglas, 213–214, 215
Cherwell, Lord, 172–174
China, 55, 138, 228
Combined Chiefs of Staff and strategy for, 58–59
FDR and, 58–59, 118–120
war against Japan and, 57, 119, 120
Churchill, Sarah, 34, 55, 66, 70, 169–170, 173, 174
Churchill, Winston, 9, 34, 158
Athens speech, 170
atomic bomb and, 171–173, 205–206
atomic research and, 174
Bern incident and, 204, 251–252, 264, 265, 272
British imperialism and, 171
confrontational approach to Soviet Union of, 204
Crimea journey to Yalta conference, 62, 63, 66
death of FDR and, 291–293
early tripartite conversations and, 76
Eastern Europe and, 196, 197
Egyptian meeting with FDR, 169–171, 173–174
European Theater and, 49
health of FDR and, 225, 237
Ibn Saud and, 164–165
invasion of Berlin and, 247–248, 259
Malta and, 45, 47, 48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60
Netherlands and, 265
Palestinian problem and, 147, 164–165
percentages agreement with Stalin, 51–52, 135
personal friendship with FDR, 225–226
Poland and, 98, 100, 104–107, 110–111, 122–123, 127–132, 135, 184, 196, 197, 236–237, 263–264
Tehran conference and, 15, 48, 50
territorial issues and, 196
United Nations and, 101, 103, 109–110, 114, 122
in Vorontzov Palace, 68–69
Yalta accords and, 196, 236
Yalta conference and, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 70–71, 81, 83, 85, 86, 91–95, 97, 101, 103–107, 109–111, 114, 122–124, 127–132, 134–139, 169–170, 179, 184
See also Big Three; Britain
Clay, Lucius, 235
coal miners strike, 199, 223, 235
Cohen, Benjamin, 293, 296
colonialism, 59, 120, 137
Combined Chiefs of Staff
China and Far East strategy of, 58–59
European strategy of, 56–58
/> invasion of Berlin and, 247–248
Malta meeting of, 50, 56–60
Yalta conference and, 82, 111, 129
Commodity Credit Corporation bill, 271–272
communism, 76, 98, 134
See also socialism
Conant, James, 207
Congress
FDR losing control of, 259
manpower bill and, 13, 197, 235, 259
Netherlands crisis and, 212
selling Yalta conference to, 182–186
UN Charter and, 185
United Nations and, 183, 185
World War II and, 12–13, 15–16, 31
Yalta address to, 163, 182, 186–192
conservation, 19, 21, 109, 297
Crimea, German conquering of, 77, 141
Crimea conference. See Yalta conference
Crimea journey, to Yalta conference
Churchill, Winston, on, 62, 63, 66
overview, 61–66
Roosevelt, Anna, with FDR on, 62–64, 66
Curzon Line, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 115, 131
Czechoslovak-Russian Treaty of Friendship, 98
Daisy. See Suckley, Margaret “Daisy”
Daniels, Jonathan, 192, 227–228, 236, 237
Davis, Ralph, 285
de Gaulle, Charles, 12, 41, 59, 79
death, of FDR, 179, 299–300
American public and, 287–288, 290–291
Britain and, 291
burial site at Hyde Park, 289–290
Churchill, Winston, and, 291–293
Early and, 278–279, 283–286
funeral, 289–290
at opportune moment, 292–293
press and, 280–281, 292
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 283–287
Roosevelt, James, and, 284–285, 287
Rutherfurd and, 285, 287
San Francisco conference and, 292–293
Soviet Union and, 291
Stalin and, 291, 292
Suckley and, 279, 286, 287
Truman and, 283–286
Tully and, 279, 286–287
at Warm Springs, 278–288
world reaction to, 290–291
Declaration of Liberated Europe, 75, 136, 183, 196
Declaration of United Nations, 12,121, 122
Delano, Amasa, 261
Delano, Laura “Polly”
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 255, 276, 287
Suckley and, 195, 245, 246, 254, 255, 258, 261, 262, 266, 268, 271, 274, 276, 279, 286
at Warm Springs, 240, 254, 255, 258, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286–287
Democratic Convention
1924, 186
1928, 186–187
1944, 21–22
Department of Commerce, US, 16, 21, 28, 39–40, 197
Dewey, Thomas E., 7
Dowdell’s Knob, 262
Dresden, bombing of, 111–112
Drury, Allen, 220–221
Dulles, Allen, 203, 252
Dumbarton Oaks conference, 53, 54, 108
Dunn, James, 207, 235
Early, Stephen, 42, 176, 198, 227, 235, 276
death of FDR and, 278–279, 283–286
Eastern Europe
Churchill, Winston, and, 196, 197
FDR and, 14, 15, 98, 133, 135, 137, 204, 223
Soviet Union and, 15–16, 76, 77, 98, 133, 135, 196, 197, 204
as “sphere of influence” of Soviets, 135, 197
Yalta conference and, 88, 135, 137
Economic Bill of Rights speech (1944), 13, 294
Eddy, William, 155, 161, 162
Eden, Anthony, 50, 295–296
Yalta trip and, 54–55, 59, 60, 76, 92, 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, 121, 128, 131, 132
Egypt
El Alamein, 170
Alexandria, 167, 169, 170, 173
British victory over Germans in, 170–171
Tobruk, 170–171
US delegation to Yalta conference in, 143
Egyptian trip
Churchill, Winston, meeting with FDR, 169–171, 173–174
Farouk visit, 153
Hopkins, Harry, on, 174–176
Ibn Saud meeting, 155–165
motivations for, 143
Palestinian problem and, 143, 151, 152, 159–166
Roosevelt, Anna, on, 156, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176
Selassie visit, 153, 154
Stettinius and, 151, 173
Einstein, Albert, 171, 208
Eisenhower, Dwight David, 56, 58, 247, 248
Esperancilla, Joe, 273, 274
Ethiopia, 153, 154
Eureka II, 88
Europe
British and Soviet competition over, 57
Combined Chiefs of Staff and strategy for, 56–58
Declaration of Liberated Europe, 75, 136, 183, 196
victory anticipated, 227, 258, 262
See also Eastern Europe; specific topics
European Theater, 49
Far East
Combined Chiefs of Staff and strategy for, 58–59
imperialism in, 120
and US-Soviet agreement, 116–120
Farouk, King, 153
Fayerweather, Margaret, 233, 234
FDR. See Roosevelt, Franklin Delano
Feis, Herbert, 150
fireside chats, wartime, 72
Flynn, Edward J., 35–37, 52, 118, 296
Foreign Ministers, Yalta conference and, 80, 92, 93, 121,127, 128
Forrestal, James, 199
Four Freedoms, 74, 137, 183, 220, 298
Fox, George, 10, 87, 275
France
Allied Control Commission and, 88, 93, 95
Britain and, 79
in postwar Germany plans, 88, 90, 93, 95
US and, 79
Yalta conference discussions about, 88, 90, 93, 95
Frankfurter, Felix, 205
Fredericks, Charlie, 10, 209, 270, 277
French journalists visit, 198–199
Fulbright and Connelly resolutions (1943), 31
George VI, 45, 292
Georgia. See Warm Springs
Georgia Hall, 240, 242, 269, 272, 274
Georgia Warm Springs Foundation, 240, 270, 27
minstrel show at, 269, 281–282
German military, 1–2, 248
British victory in Egypt over, 170–171
Crimea conquered by, 77, 141
in Netherlands, 212–213, 265
Sevastopol taken by, 141
Soviet victories against, 73
Yalta occupation, 66–67, 141
See also World War II; specific topics
German problem, 89, 95
Germany
Allies’ invasion of Berlin, 247–248, 259
atomic bomb development by, 171
Bern incident, 203–204, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
bombings of, 111–112
Ibn Saud on, 159–160
Operation Wool, 252
Palestinian problem and, 159–160
Poland and migration of German people, 111
Soviet Union and, 57, 75–77, 135
Tehran conference discussions about, 89, 90, 91
Yalta conference discussions about, 80–83, 87–95, 138–139
See also Hitler, Adolph; Nazis; postwar Germany plans; specific topics
Great Bitter Lake, 143, 154, 155, 166
See also Egyptian trip
Greece
Athens speech of Churchill, Winston, 170
Britain and, 3, 9, 52, 196, 197
FDR and, 4, 14, 31, 100, 188
Greer, De Witt, 279, 280
Grew, Joseph, 217
Gromyko, Andrei, 54, 76, 100
Hachmeister, Louise “Hacky,” 257, 270, 274, 275, 280
Halifax, Edward, 12, 134, 149, 197, 237
Harriman, Averell, 116–117, 229, 272, 292
on Yalta trip, 52, 69, 70, 83–85, 101, 115, 142
Harriman, Kathleen, 69–70, 74, 85, 124, 125
&
nbsp; Hassett, William, 181, 192, 230, 233
at Warm Springs, 242, 243, 245, 246, 257, 261, 271, 273, 275–277, 278, 280, 286
Hatch, Carl A., 2
the Hawk (FDR’s ice-yacht), 194
health, of FDR
American public and, 6–7
anorexia, 225
cerebral hemorrhage, 13, 276, 277
Churchill, Winston, and, 225, 237
collapse at Warm Springs, 273–278
as failing, 4–7, 9, 21, 23, 26, 191–193, 198, 211, 225, 228, 237, 239–240, 242–245, 268
fatigue, 191–193, 199–200, 225, 232–233, 242–245, 268, 271
health regimen, 5, 199
heart disease, 4–6
presidential campaign of 1944 and, 6–7, 296
Roosevelt, Anna (daughter), 192, 246, 276
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 181, 200, 233–234, 260, 276, 296
secrecy about, 6, 296
Soviet Union and, 225, 297
Suckley and, 10, 43, 195, 232–233, 243–245, 254, 258, 273–275, 278
United Nations and, 243
at Warm Springs, 243–245, 254, 258, 259, 267–268, 271, 273–278
Yalta address and, 191
Yalta trip and, 31–32, 34, 35, 43, 59–60, 62, 63, 70, 74, 87, 112–113, 125, 142, 167, 175, 177, 181–182, 186, 191–192
See also death, of FDR
Hitler, Adolph, 1–2, 45, 73, 220, 252
See also Germany
Holocaust, 144, 147
Hoover, Herbert, 213
Hopkins, Harry
close relationship with FDR, 70
Egyptian trip and, 174–176
health problems, 71, 115, 169, 175–176
Roosevelt, Anna, and, 70–71, 74
Yalta trip and, 38, 41–42, 52, 59, 60, 70–71, 74, 101, 106, 110, 115, 169
Hopkins, Robert, 129
Hornbeck, Stanley, 211–212
Hoskins, Harold, 149–150, 163, 164
Hull, Cordell, 53, 90, 92, 97, 115, 146, 147, 218–219
Hurley, Patrick, 120, 228
Hyde Park, 18, 19, 193, 195, 209, 231–233, 261
burial site of FDR, 232, 234, 289–290
Christmas at, 1–10
Rose Garden, 232, 289
World War II memorial, 300
Hyde Park Memorandum, 206, 208
Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, 149, 151, 193
Churchill, Winston, and, 164–165
Egyptian trip meeting with FDR, 155–165
on Germany, 159–160
Palestinian problem and, 159–165
Ickes, Harold, 192, 199, 223
Ickes, Raymond, 199
immigration. See Jewish immigration
imperialism
in Far East, 120
See also British imperialism
Inter-American Conference on the Problems of War and Peace, 173
international bill of human rights proposal, 214, 216
isolationism, FDR and, 30–31, 100, 294
Italy, 58, 122
attack on Abyssinia (1935), 153–154
Britain and, 3, 38, 49, 51
See also Bern incident
Iwo Jima, 197, 199
Jackson, Graham, 269, 281
Jackson, Irene, 210, 211
The Last 100 Days Page 43