Jackson, Robert, 210, 211
Jamestown, 30
Japan
atomic bomb usage on, 206, 208
China and, 57, 119, 120
See also war on Japan
Jefferson, Thomas, 1, 299
Jefferson Day radio address, 299
Jewish immigration
to Palestine, 145–150, 164–165
postwar resettlement, 162
to US, 143–144
Jews
American Jewish Committee, 214, 216
Holocaust and, 144, 147
international bill of human rights and, 214, 216
US Jewish community, 147
Jews, Palestine as homeland of. See Palestinian problem
Joint Chiefs of Staff, US, 13, 32, 51, 56, 57, 117, 203, 248
Soviet Union and, 204, 297
Yalta conference and, 75, 82, 111
See also Combined Chiefs of Staff
Jones, Jessie, 28
Juliana, Princess, 209, 210, 211, 213
King, Ernest, 46
King, Mackenzie, 199–200, 201, 204
Kirk, Alexander, 175
Korea, 119
Lahey, Frank, 5–6
Landis, James, 151
Lawson, Valentine, 116
League of Nations, 31, 53, 103, 145, 153, 185
Leahy, William D., 203, 252, 272, 273
Yalta trip and, 34, 37, 40, 64, 124, 135, 161, 164, 176, 178, 179
LeHand, Missy, 26–27
Lehman, Herbert, 12
Lilienthal, David, 198
Little White House, Warm Springs, 240, 244, 245, 254, 256, 267, 270, 274–275, 279, 286
Livadia Palace
Big Three photo session, 129
first meeting of Yalta conference at, 80–81
first night dinner with Stalin and Churchill, Winston, 83–86
Stalin and Roosevelt preliminary meeting at, 77–79
US delegation for Yalta conference and, 67–72, 74, 126
London Poles, 97, 99, 105, 128, 132, 184
Lublin Poles, 12, 105–107, 123, 131, 134, 217, 229, 230, 263
Lublin-based Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, 96–97, 100, 104–106, 110, 115, 122, 123, 127–129, 131–133, 196, 229, 263
MacLeish, Archibald, 235, 236, 237
Maisky, Ivan, 93, 94
Malta, 43
Britain and, 44–48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60
Churchill, Winston, and, 45, 47, 48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 60, 110, 247
Combined Chiefs of Staff meeting in, 50, 56–60
Presidential Citation for, 46
pre-Yalta meetings, 50–52, 55–60
Roosevelt, Anna, with FDR in, 56, 59–60
Second Siege of Malta, 45
siege of (1565), 44
Valletta, 42, 44
World War II and, 45–46
Manhattan Project, 172, 205–208, 295
manpower bill, 13,197, 235, 259
Marshall, George C., 13, 49, 50, 52, 56–58, 148, 170, 171, 247, 248, 250
Martha, Princess, 29, 193, 230
Maud Report, 171–172
McCarthy, Leighton, 262, 272
McCormick, Anne O’Hare, 213, 222–223, 292, 293, 299
McDonald, James G., 162
McDuffie, Lizzie, 271, 279
McIntire, Ross, 5–7, 11, 225, 243, 276–278, 286
Yalta trip and, 32, 62, 69, 70, 112–113, 177, 178, 182, 191–192
Mediterranean strategy, 49
Meiklejohn, Robert, 126
Memphis, USS, 7–48
Middle East oil
Britain and, 149
US and, 143, 148–149
Mid-Hudson Bridge, 194
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaw, 99, 100, 104, 134, 263
minorities, racial and religious, 294
Mize, Benjamin, 282
Modjeski, Ralph, 194–195
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 229–230
Yalta conference and, 36, 63, 81, 83, 107–110, 115, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131
Moran, Lord, 68–69, 103
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 8, 22, 148
postwar Germany plan of, 89–90, 217–218
Warm Springs visit of, 266–268
Murphy, USS, 154–157, 177
Murray, Arthur, 145
Mussolini, Benito, 30, 45
Napoleon Bonaparte, 44–45
National Cathedral, 232
National Origins Act (1924), 144
National Service Act, 13, 15
Nazis
FDR’s speech on democracy and, 220
Holocaust and, 144, 147
See also Germany
Near East, 151, 224–225, 234
Netherlands
Churchill, Winston, and, 265
crisis, 211–213, 265
New York Times, 216–217
Nicholas II, 67
Norway, 230–231
O’Connor, Basil, 242, 244
Okinawa, 246
Olaf, Prince, 230
Operation Wool, 252
Ophie, Carmel, 175
Orion, HMS, 47
Osmena, Sergio, 256–257
Pacific Theater, 197
Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, 195
Palestine, Jewish immigration to, 145–150, 164–165
Palestinian problem
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry and, 162
Britain and, 145–150
Churchill, Winston, and, 147, 164–165
Egyptian trip and, 143, 151, 152, 159–166
FDR and, 143–152, 159–166, 216
Germany and, 159–160
Ibn Saud and, 159–165
overview, 145
Stalin and, 164
United Nations and, 163, 165
Pasvolsky, Leo, 54, 100
Paullin, James A., 5, 276, 277–278
Pearl Harbor
address by FDR, 72
attack, 72, 73
Pearson, Drew, 201
percentages agreement, 51–52, 100, 135
Perkins, Frances, 4, 16, 23, 188, 199, 224, 225, 231–232, 286
Persia, 109
Philippines, 9, 197, 256–257
Pinchot, Gifford, 12, 19, 21, 109
Pius XII, 37, 119
Plog, William, 289
Poland, 195
Britain and, 105, 115, 122–123, 128, 130, 132, 184, 196, 263–264
Churchill, Winston, and, 98, 100, 104–107, 110–111, 122–123, 127–132, 135, 184, 196, 197, 236–237, 263–264
Curzon Line as eastern border of postwar, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 115
elections, 123, 127–128, 131–133
FDR and, 14, 31, 73, 74, 96–98
German people and, 111
London Poles, 97, 99, 105, 128, 132, 184
London-based government-in-exile, 96, 98–100, 105, 110, 122
Lublin Poles, 12, 105–107, 123, 131, 134, 217, 229, 230, 236, 263
Lublin-based Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland, 96–97, 100, 104–106, 110, 115, 122, 123, 127–129, 131–133, 196, 229, 263
Moscow committee on, 128
permanent government, 104–106, 110, 115, 122–123, 127–128, 131–132
postwar frontier boundaries, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110–111, 115
provisional government, 115, 122–123, 127–128, 131, 133, 217, 263
Soviet Union and, 12–13, 37, 73, 74, 95–100, 105, 115, 127–136, 183, 184, 190, 196, 197, 203, 204, 217, 228–229, 236, 263–264
Stalin and, 95–100, 103–108, 110, 111, 122–123, 127, 129, 131, 134–136, 228–229, 236, 263
tripartite commission on, 217
US aircrews allowed in by Soviet Union to, 228–229
US delegation to Yalta and, 97, 115
Warsaw uprising, 99
Yalta accords and, 263
Yalta conference and, 88, 89, 95–100, 103–108, 110–111, 114–115, 121–123, 125–137, 183, 184, 189–191, 202, 217, 263
Polly. See Delano, Laura “Polly”
&n
bsp; postwar Asia, Soviet-American cooperation and, 119, 120
postwar Germany plans, 268
Allied Control Commission in, 88, 93, 95
dismemberment of German state, 91–92
France in, 88, 90, 93, 95
of Morgenthau, 89–90, 217–218
reparations, 93–95, 138–139
Yalta conference and, 90–95
zones of occupation in, 90, 93
postwar settlement issue, tripartite conversations about, 76
postwar world, FDR’s vision for, 74, 114, 118, 296, 298–300
cooperation with Soviet Union and, 297
Potomac Stewards, 32
Presidential Library, 18, 19, 261
press
death of FDR and, 280–281, 292
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 259–260, 286
Warm Springs press conference, 257–258
Prettyman, Arthur, 32, 254, 268, 273, 274
Proskauer, Joseph, 214, 216
Quebec Agreement, 172
Quincy, USS
Egyptian trip and, 143, 153–155, 157, 160, 167, 169, 173, 175
journey home from Yalta, 176–177, 179, 180
warships escorting, 177
Yalta conference and, 34, 37–38, 41, 42, 48, 52
Rayburn, Sam, 186, 283–284
Red Army, Sevastopol retaken by, 141–142
Reilly, Michael, 156–157, 239–240, 269, 275
religious freedom, Soviet Union and, 36–37, 118
reparations, postwar German, 90, 91, 93–95, 138–139
Rigdon, William, 84, 143
Roosevelt, Anna (daughter), 4, 8, 17, 18, 35
access to FDR through, 218
on Crimea journey, 62–64, 66
on Egyptian trip, 156, 167, 169, 173, 175, 176
health of FDR and, 192, 246, 276
Hopkins, Harry, and, 70–71, 74
in Malta, 56, 59–60
Rutherfurd and, 200–201
Yalta address and, 178–179, 182
on Yalta trip, 32, 34, 37–38, 40, 42, 59–60, 62–64, 66, 69–71, 74, 75, 83–86, 88, 101, 112–113, 126, 139, 156, 167, 169–170, 177–179
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 8, 10, 40, 169, 182, 194, 208, 219, 224
companionship issues with FDR, 255, 287
conflicts with FDR, 17–18, 32, 34
death of FDR and, 283–287
Delano, Laura, and, 255, 276, 287
disability of FDR and, 187–188
Fayerweather and, 233, 234
health of FDR and, 181, 200, 233–234, 260, 276, 296
press and, 259–260, 286
St. Patrick’s Day wedding anniversary, 209–211
Suckley and, 255
at Warm Springs, 286
Roosevelt, Elliott (son), 9, 10
Roosevelt, Franklin D., Jr., 214
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR)
accomplishments and political acumen of, 295–299
as architect, 218, 222
book collection of, 261
buildup of military and industrial capacity by, 73, 74, 295
burial wishes of, 232, 234
cabinet of, 22–23, 199, 223–224, 286
campaign for fourth term in 1944, 5–7, 296
Chandor portrait of, 213–214, 215
as Christian, 231
common people and, 293–294
D-Day Prayer of, 238
decline of administration of, 228
disability of, 186–188, 296
Easter Sunday and, 244–246
fourth term inauguration, 24–29
fourth term of, 5–7
grandchildren of, 23–24, 27, 285
last Christmas of, 1–10
leadership impact on 20th and 21st centuries, 293–294
legacy of globalism of, 299
New Year, 1945, 12–29
as New York governor, 194
personality of, 81, 296
personal relationship with Churchill, 170–171
policy of procrastination of, 73
Presidential Library, 18, 19, 261
racial and religious minorities and, 294
religion and, 231–232
secrecy of, 296
sixty-third birthday, 40
transformative nature of presidency of, 293–294
walking technique of, 186–187
will of, 26–27
youth of, 1
See also specific topics
Roosevelt, James (son), 26–27, 29
death of FDR and, 284–285, 287
Roosevelt, Theodore, 209, 239
Rosenberg, Anna, 228, 229
Rosenman, Samuel, 39, 40
Yalta address and, 13, 167, 175, 176, 178–179, 182, 191
Russia. See Soviet Union
Russian palaces, on Yalta shore, 66
Vorontzov Palace and British delegation, 68–69
Yalta conference delegations housed in, 67–69
Yusupov Palace and Soviet delegation, 69
See also Livadia Palace
Rutherfurd, Lucy Mercer, 18–19, 180, 219, 255
death of FDR and, 285, 287
Roosevelt, Anna, and, 200–201
Suckley and, 256, 260–261
at Warm Springs, 256, 260–262, 266, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277, 287
Sacred Cow (FDR’s aircraft), 61–62, 142
Saki, 61, 64, 142
San Francisco conference, 258, 260, 297
American Jewish Committee’s proposals for, 214, 216
death of FDR and, 292–293
difficult issues, 216–217, 221–222
international bill of human rights proposal, 214, 216
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly, 217, 221–222, 236, 247
Soviet Union and, 217, 221–223, 229–230, 292
speech by FDR for, 270, 292
stamp commemorating, 272–273
Stettinius and, 217, 236, 247
US delegation to, 202, 217, 221–222
Vandenberg and, 202–203, 222
Yalta address and, 190
Yalta conference and, 121, 217
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 198
Saudi Arabia, 224–225
Britain and, 158–159
US and, 148–149, 159–161
See also Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz
Second Siege of Malta, 45
Selassie, Haile, 153, 154
Senn, Elliott, 37, 42, 176, 180
Setaro, Harry “Lenny,” 9, 195
Sevastopol, 66, 141–142
Sforza, Carlo, 3
Sherwood, Robert, 31
Shoumatoff, Elizabeth, 285
sketching FDR at Warm Springs, 260, 261–262, 268, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277
Sirius, HMS, 47, 48
Smith, A. Merriman, 279–281
Smith, Al, 186, 194
Smith, Harold D., 11
Snyder, Monty, 243
socialism
of Stalin, 76–77, 98, 134
See also communism
Soviet delegation, to Yalta conference
dinner hosted by, 124–125
Yusupov Palace housing of, 69
See also Yalta conference
Soviet Union (USSR)
aid from Britain and US to, 75–76
allowing US aircrews into Poland, 228–229
American public and, 223
Bern incident and, 203–204, 229, 248–253, 264, 265, 272
Catholic Church and, 36, 37, 118
competition over Europe with Britain, 57
confrontational approach of Churchill, Winston, to, 204
Czechoslovak-Russian Treaty of Friendship, 98
death of FDR and, 291
Eastern Europe and, 15–16, 76, 77, 135, 196, 197, 204
FDR’s vision for postwar world and cooperation with, 297
Germany and, 57, 75–77, 135
health of FDR and, 225, 297
invasion of Berlin by, 82, 83, 247–248
issue of General Assembly seats alloca
ted to, 4, 52, 108, 114, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258
Poland and, 12–13, 37, 73, 74, 95–100, 105, 115, 127–136, 183, 184, 190, 196, 197, 203, 204, 217, 228–230, 236, 263–264
recognition by FDR of, 36, 118, 119
religious freedom and, 36–37, 118
San Francisco conference and, 217, 221–223, 229–230, 292
Sevastopol retaken by Red Army, 141–142
territorial issues and, 196
United Nations and, 4, 52–55, 100, 108–109, 112, 114, 183, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258, 297
US Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 204
victories against German military, 73
war on Japan and, 116–119, 124
Yalta accords and, 217, 263
See also World War II; specific topics
Soviet-American cooperation
British imperialism and, 119
“new world” and, 137
postwar Asia and, 119, 120
Yalta accords and, 134
Spaman, Guy, 275
speeches, of FDR
on democracy and Nazis, 220
Economic Bill of Rights, 294
San Francisco conference, 270, 292
State of the Union, 1945, 13–15, 300
United Nations, 224
University of Virginia address, 30–31
See also Yalta address
Springwood estate, 9, 19
St. James church, 231
St. Patrick’s Day wedding anniversary, 209–211
Stalin, Joseph
Anglo-American differences with, 203, 264
Bern incident and, 248–252, 264, 265, 272
death of FDR and, 291, 292
early tripartite conversations and, 76
independent relationship with FDR, 48
issue of allowing US aircrews into Poland and, 228–229
issues causing tensions between FDR and, 228–230, 236
Livadia Palace preliminary meeting with FDR, 77–79
Palestinian problem and, 164
percentages agreement with Churchill, Winston, 51–52, 135
Poland and, 95–100, 103–108, 110, 111, 122–123, 127, 129, 131, 134–136, 228–230, 236, 263
postwar security and, 135
socialism of, 134
Tehran conference and, 15, 48, 50
territorial issues and, 73, 74, 76
as “Uncle Joe,” 86
United Nations and, 54, 102–103, 108, 121, 122
war on Japan and, 114, 116–117
Yalta conference and, 16, 36, 39, 42, 48, 70, 73–86, 90–108, 110, 111, 114, 116–117, 119–125, 127, 129, 131, 134–140, 143, 164, 179, 184, 185
in Yusupov Palace, 69
See also Big Three; Soviet Union
State of the Union (1945), 13–15, 300
Stephens, Hazel, 269, 281–282
Stettinius, Edward, 3, 235, 246, 286
Egyptian trip and, 151, 173
San Francisco conference and, 217, 236, 247
Yalta conference and, 22, 50, 52, 54–55, 59, 60, 82, 87–88, 100–102, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115, 127, 131–132, 136
The Last 100 Days Page 44