A Problem From Hell

by Samantha Power

  Lifton, Robert Jay. The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide. Basic Books, 1986.

  Linenthal, Edward T. Preserving Memory: The Struggle to Create America’s Holocaust Museum. Viking, 1995.

  Lipstadt, Deborah L. Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust, 1933–1945. Free Press, 1986.

  ______. Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. Maxwell Macmillan International, 1993.

  Lochner, Louis Paul. What About Germany? Dodd, Mead, 1942.

  Lookstein, Haskel. Were We Our Brothers’ Keepers? The Public Response of American Jews to the Holocaust, 1938–1944. Hartmore House, 1985.

  Marrus, Michael R. The Holocaust in History. Meridian, 1987.

  ______. The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, 1945–1946. Bedford, 1997.

  Mazower, Mark. Dark Continent: Europe’s Twentieth Century. Knopf, 1998.

  Meltzer, Milton. Rescue: The Story of How the Gentiles Saved Jews in the Holocaust. Harper & Row, 1988.

  Miller, Judith. One by One, by One: Facing the Holocaust. Simon & Schuster, 1990.

  Morse, Arthur D. While Six Million Died: A Chronicle of American Apathy. Random House, 1968.

  Müller, Ingo. Hitler’s Justice: The Courts of the Third Reich. Trans. Deborah Schneider. Harvard University Press, 1991.

  Novick, Peter. The Holocaust in American Life. Houghton Mifflin, 1999.

  Oliner, Samuel P., and Pearl M. Oliner. The Altruistic Personality: Rescuers of Jews in Nazi Europe. Free Press, 1988.

  O’Neill, William L. A Democracy at War: America’s Fight at Home and Abroad in World War II. Harvard University Press, 1995.

  Robinson, Greg. By Order of the President: FDR and the Internment of Japanese Americans. Harvard University Press, 2001.

  Rosenbaum, Alan S. Is the Holocaust Unique? Perspectives on Comparative Genocide. Westview Press, 1996.

  Rosenbaum, Ron. Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil. Random House, 1998.

  Rosenfeld, Alvin H. Thinking About the Holocaust: After Half a Century. Indiana University Press, 1997.

  Rubenstein, Richard L. The Cunning of History: Mass Death and the American Future. Harper & Row, 1975.

  Sereny, Gitta. Into That Darkness: An Examination of Conscience. Vintage Books, 1983.

  Shandler, Jeffrey. While America Watches: Televising the Holocaust. Oxford University Press, 1999.

  Simpson, Christopher. The Splendid Blond Beast: Money, Law and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. Grove Press, 1993.

  Steiner, George. Language and Silence: Essays on Language, Literature, and the Inhuman. Yale University Press, 1998.

  Visser ’t Hooft, and Willem Adolph. Memoirs. SCM Press, 1973.

  Wiesel, Elie. All Rivers Run to the Sea: Memoirs. Knopf, 1996.

  Wood, E. Thomas, and Stanislaw M. Jankowski. Karski: How One Man Tried to Stop the Holocaust. John Wiley, 1994.

  Wyman, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941–1945. New Press, 1998.

  ______. Paper Walls: America and the Refugee Crisis, 1938–1941. Pantheon Books, 1985.

  Wyman, David S., ed. America and the Holocaust: A Thirteen-Volume Set Documenting the Editor’s Book, The Abandonment of the Jews, Vol. 3, The Mock Rescue Conference: Bermuda. Garland Publishing, Inc., 1990.

  Zelizer, Barbara. Remembering to Forget: Holocaust Memory Through the Camera’s Eye. University of Chicago Press, 1998.

  Cambodia

  Acharya, Amitav, Pierre Lizée, and Sorpong Peou. Cambodia: The 1989 Paris Peace Conference, Background Analysis and Documents. Kraus International Publications, 1991.

  Becker, Elizabeth. When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution. Public Affairs, 1998.

  Bilton, Michael, and Kevin Sim. Four Hours in My Lai. Viking, 1992.

  Chanda, Nayan. Brother Enemy: The War After the War. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1986.

  Chandler, David P. Voices from S-21: Terror and History in Pol Pot’s Secret Prison. University of California Press, 1999.

  Fenton, James. All the Wrong Places: Adrift in the Politics of Asia. Penguin, 1988.

  Haas, Michael. Genocide by Proxy: Cambodian Pawn on a Superpower Chessboard. Praeger, 1991.

  Hildebrand, George C., and Gareth Porter. Cambodia: Starvation and Revolution. Monthly Review Press, 1976.

  Jackson, Karl D. Cambodia, 1975–1978: Rendezvous with Death. Princeton University Press, 1989.

  Kamm, Henry. Cambodia: Report from a Stricken Land. Arcade, 1998.

  Kiernan, Ben. How Pol Pot Came to Power: A History of Communism in Kampuchea, 1930–1975. Verso, 1985.

  ______. The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79. Yale University Press, 1996.

  Kiernan, Ben, ed. Genocide and Democracy in Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge, the United Nations and the International Community. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1993.

  McNamara, Robert S., with Brian Van DeMark. In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam. Times Books, 1995.

  Metzl, Jamie Frederic. Western Responses to Human Rights Abuses in Cambodia, 1975–80. St. Martin’s Press, 1996.

  National Foreign Assessment Center. Kampuchea: A Demographic Catastrophe. Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project, Exchange and Gift Division, Library of Congress, 1980.

  Ponchaud, François. Cambodia, Year Zero. Penguin, 1978.

  Pran, Dith, comp., and Kim DePaul, ed. Children of Cambodia’s Killing Fields: Memoirs by Survivors. Yale University Press, 1997.

  Rodman, Peter W. More Precious Than Peace: The Cold War and the Struggle for the Third World. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994.

  Russell, Bertrand. War Crimes in Vietnam. Monthly Review Press, 1967.

  Schanberg, Sydney H. The Death and Life of Dith Pran. Penguin, 1985.

  Shawcross, William. Cambodia’s New Deal: A Report. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1994.

  ______. The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust and Modern Conscience. Simon & Schuster, 1984.

  ______. Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia. Rev. ed. Simon & Schuster, 1987.

  Vann Nath. A Cambodian Prison Portrait: One Year in the Khmer Rouge’s S-21. White Lotus Press, 1998.

  Welaratna, Usha. Beyond the Killing Fields: Voices of Nine Cambodian Survivors in America. Stanford University Press, 1993.

  Wetterhahn, Ralph. The Last Battle: The Mayaguez Incident and the End of the Vietnam War. Carroll & Graf, 2001.

  Iraq

  Burck, Gordon M., and Charles C. Flowerree. International Handbook on Chemical Weapons Proliferation. Greenwood Press, 1991.

  Carus, W. Seth. “The Genie Unleashed: Iraq’s Chemical and Biological Weapons Program.” Policy Papers No. 14. Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1989.

  Chaliand, Gerard, ed. A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. Olive Branch Press, 1993.

  Cordesman, Anthony H. Weapons of Mass Destruction in the Middle East. Brassey’s, 1991.

  Cordesman, Anthony H., and Abraham R. Wagner. The Lessons of Modern War. Vol. 2: The Iran-Iraq War. Westview Press, 1990.

  Dekker, Ige F., and Harry H. G. Post, eds. The Gulf War of 1980–1988: The Iran-Iraq War in International Legal Perspective. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1992.

  Eagleton, William. The Kurdish Republic of 1946. Oxford University Press, 1963.

  Gunter, Michael M. The Kurds of Iraq: Tragedy and Hope. St. Martin’s Press, 1992.

  Hassanpour, Amir. Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan. Mellen Research University Press, 1992.

  Kreyenbroek, Philip G., and Christine Allison. Kurdish Culture and Identity. Zed Books, 1996.

  Kreyenbroek, Philip G., and Stefan Sperl, eds. The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. Routledge, 1992.

  Laizer, Sheri. Martyrs, Traitors and Patriots: Kurdistan After the Gulf War. Zed Books, 1996.

  Makiya, Kanan. Cruelty and Silence: War, Tyranny, Uprising and the Arab World. W. W. Norton, 1993.
r />   ______. Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq. University of California Press, 1998.

  McDowall, David. The Kurds. Minority Rights Group, 1991.

  ______. A Modern History of the Kurds. I. B. Tauris, 1996.

  Meiselas, Susan. Kurdistan: In the Shadow of History. Random House, 1997.

  Middle East Watch. Genocide in Iraq: The Anfal Campaign Against the Kurds. Human Rights Watch, 1993.

  ______. Human Rights in Iraq. Yale University Press, 1990.

  National Security Archive, ed. Iraqgate: Saddam Hussein, U.S. Policy and the Prelude to the Persian Gulf War (1980–1994). Chadwyck-Healey, 1995.

  Olson, Robert, ed. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: Its Impact on Turkey and the Middle East. University Press of Kentucky, 1996.

  Pelletiere, Stephen C. The Iran-Iraq War: Chaos in a Vacuum. Praeger, 1992.

  Pelletiere, Stephen C., and Douglas V. Johnson II. Lessons Learned: The Iran-Iraq War. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 1991.

  Randal, Jonathan C. After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness? My Encounters with Kurdistan. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997.

  Shiloah Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Tel Aviv University. Middle East Contemporary Survey. Vols 1–3. Holmes & Meier, 1978–1980.

  U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Chemical Weapons Use in Kurdistan: Iraq’s Final Offensive. 100th Cong., 2nd sess., 1998. S. Prt. 100–148.

  ______. War in the Gulf. 98th Cong., 2nd sess., 1984. S. Prt. 98–225.

  ______. War in the Persian Gulf: The U.S. Takes Sides. 100th Cong., 1st sess., 1987. S. Prt. 100–160.

  The Former Yugoslavia

  Article 19. Forging War: The Media in Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Article 19, 1994.

  Banac, Ivo. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press, 1984.

  Cohen, Ben, and George Stamkoski, eds. With No Peace to Keep: United Nations Peacekeeping and the War in the Former Yugoslavia. Grainpress, 1995.

  Cohen, Leonard J. Broken Bonds: Yugoslavia’s Disintegration and Balkan Politics in Transition. Westview Press, 1995.

  Cohen, Roger. Hearts Grown Brutal: Sagas of Sarajevo. Random House, 1998.

  Cushman, Thomas, and Stjepan G. Mestrovic, eds. This Time We Knew: Western Responses to Genocide in Bosnia. New York University Press, 1996.

  Daalder, Ivo H. Getting to Dayton: The Making of America’s Bosnia Policy. Brookings Institution, 2000.

  Gjelten, Tom. Sarajevo Daily: A City and Its Newspaper Under Siege. HarperCollins, 1995.

  Glenny, Misha. The Fall of Yugoslavia: The Third Balkan War. Penguin, 1993.

  Gutman, Roy. Witness to Genocide: The 1993 Pulitzer Prize–Winning Dispatches on the “Ethnic Cleansing” of Bosnia. Macmillan, 1993.

  Halberstam, David. War in a Time of Peace: Bush, Clinton, and the Generals. Scribner, 2001.

  Hall, Brian. The Impossible Country. Penguin, 1994.

  Haviv, Ron. Blood and Honey: A Balkan War Journal. TV Books/Umbrage, 2001.

  Helsinki Watch. War Crimes in Bosnia-Hercegovina. Vols. 1–2. Human Rights Watch, 1992–1993.

  Holbrooke, Richard. To End a War. Random House, 1998.

  Honig, Jan Willem, and Norbert Both. Srebrenica: Record of a War Crime. Penguin, 1997.

  Hukanovic, Rezak. The Tenth Circle of Hell: A Memoir of Life in the Death Camps of Bosnia. Basic Books, 1996.

  Human Rights Watch. Bosnia-Hercegovina: The Fall of Srebrenica and the Failure of U.N. Peacekeeping. Human Rights Watch, 1995.

  Ignatieff, Michael. Blood and Belonging. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994.

  ______. The Warrior’s Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience. Henry Holt, 1998.

  International Commission on the Balkans. Unfinished Peace: Report of the International Commission on the Balkans. Carnegie Endowment, 1996.

  Judah, Tim. The Serbs: History, Myth, and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. Yale University Press, 1997.

  Kaplan, Robert. Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History. St. Martin’s Press, 1993.

  Malcolm, Noel. Bosnia: A Short History. New York University Press, 1996.

  Mestrovic, Stjepan, ed. The Conceit of Innocence: Losing the Conscience of the West in the War Against Bosnia. Texas A&M University Press, 1997.

  Mousavizadeh, Nader, ed. The Black Book of Bosnia: The Consequences of Appeasement. New Republic–Basic Books, 1996.

  Owen, Robert C., ed. Deliberate Force: A Case Study in Effective Air Campaigning. Air University Press, 2000.

  Peress, Gilles. Farewell to Bosnia. Scala, 1994.

  Rieff, David. Slaughterhouse: Bosnia and the Failure of the West. Simon & Schuster, 1995.

  Rogel, Carole. The Breakup of Yugoslavia and the War in Bosnia. Greenwood Press, 1998.

  Rohde, David. Endgame: The Betrayal and Fall of Srebrenica, Europe’s Worst Massacre Since World War II. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997.

  Silber, Laura, and Allan Little. Yugoslavia: Death of a Nation. Penguin, 1997.

  Stover, Eric, and Gilles Peress. The Graves: Srebrenica and Vukovar. Scalo, 1998.

  Sudetic, Chuck. Blood and Vengeance: One Family’s Story of the War in Bosnia. Norton, 1998.

  Thompson, Mark. A Paper House: The Ending of Yugoslavia. Pantheon Books, 1992.

  United Nations. Report of the Secretary General Pursuant to General Assembly Resolution 53/35: The Fall of Srebrenica. UN Doc. No. A/54/549, November 15, 1999.

  Vulliamy, Ed. Seasons in Hell: Understanding Bosnia’s War. St. Martin’s Press, 1994.

  West, Rebecca. Black Lamb and Grey Falcon: A Journey Through Yugoslavia. Viking, 1941.

  Western, Jon. “Warring Ideas: Explaining U.S. Military Intervention in Regional Conflicts.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 2000.

  Zimmermann, Warren. Origins of a Catastrophe: Yugoslavia and Its Destroyers—the Last Ambassador Tells What Happened and Why. Times Books, 1996.

  Zimmermann, Warren, [et al.] Bosnia: What Went Wrong? A Foreign Affairs Reader. Council on Foreign Relations, 1998.

  Rwanda

  Adelman, Howard, and Astri Suhrke, eds. The Path of a Genocide: The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire. Transaction, 1999.

  African Rights. Rwanda: Death, Despair, Defiance. African Rights, 1995.

  Barnett, Michael. Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda. Cornell University Press, 2002.

  Berkeley, Bill. The Graves Are Not Yet Full: Race, Tribe and Power in the Heart of Africa. Basic Books, 2001.

  Des Forges, Alison. Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. Human Rights Watch, 1999.

  Destexhe, Alain. Rwanda and Genocide in the Twentieth Century. New York University Press, 1995.

  Feil, Scott R. Preventing Genocide: How the Early Use of Force Might Have Succeeded in Rwanda. Carnegie Corporation of New York, 1998.

  Gourevitch, Philip. We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families: Stories from Rwanda. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998.

  Human Rights Watch. The Aftermath of Genocide in Rwanda: Absence of Prosecution, Continued Killings. Human Rights Watch, 1994.

  ______. Beyond the Rhetoric: Continuing Human Rights Abuses in Rwanda. Human Rights Watch, 1993.

  ______. Shattered Lives: Sexual Violence During the Rwandan Genocide and Its Aftermath. Human Rights Watch, 1996.

  Keane, Fergal. Season of Blood: A Rwanda Journey. Viking, 1995.

  Klinghoffer, Arthur Jay. The International Dimension of Genocide in Rwanda. New York University Press, 1998.

  Kuperman, Alan J. The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda. Brookings Institution, 2001.

  Lemarchand, René. Rwanda and Burundi. Praeger, 1970.

  Mamdani, Mahmood. When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda. Princeton University Press, 2001.

  Melvern, Linda. A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda’s Genocide. Zed Books, 2000.

  Moore, Jonathan, ed. Hard Choices:
Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention. Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

  Organization of African Unity, International Panel of Eminent Personalities to Investigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda and the Surrounding Events. Rwanda: The Preventable Genocide. Organization of African Unity, 2000.

  Peress, Gilles. The Silence. Scalo, 1995.

  Peterson, Scott. Me Against My Brother: At War in Somalia, Sudan, and Rwanda. Routledge, 2000.

  Prunier, Gerard. The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide. Columbia University Press, 1995.

  United Nations. Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. UN Doc. No. A/54/549. December 15, 1999.

  Uvin, Peter. Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda. Kumarian Press, 1998.

  Kosovo

  Buckley, William Joseph, ed. Kosovo: Contending Voices on Balkan Interventions. William B. Eerdmans, 2000.

  Clark, Wesley K. Waging Modern War: Bosnia, Kosovo, and the Future of Combat. Public Affairs, 2001.

  Daalder, Ivo, and Michael O’Hanlon. Winning Ugly: NATO’s War to Save Kosovo. Brookings Institution, 2000.

  Ignatieff, Michael. Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond. Metropolitan Books, 2000.

  Independent International Commission on Kosovo. The Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned. Oxford University Press, 2001.

  Judah, Tim. Kosovo: War and Revenge. Yale University Press, 2000.

  Malcolm, Noel. Kosovo: A Short History. New York University Press, 1998. Physicians for Human Rights. War Crimes in Kosovo: A Population-Based Assessment of Human Rights Violations Against Kosovar Albanians. Physicians for Human Rights, 1999.

  U.S. State Department. Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo: An Accounting. U.S. State Department, 1999.

  Vickers, Miranda, and James Pettifer. Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity. New York University Press, 1997.

  General History and Politics

  Allison, Graham. The Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Little, Brown, 1971.

  Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Verso, 1983.

  Baker, James A. III, with Thomas M. DeFrank. The Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace, 1989–1992. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1995.