Afgantsy
Page 46
Bizyukov Major Nikolai, killed in Herat rising 45
Black Tulip
Aircraft (AN-12) bringing bodies of fallen back from Afghanistan 192, 253–5
Song about the returning dead 192, 253
Blinushov, Andrei, soldier 237, 254–6
Blowpipe, British anti-aircraft missile 203
BMP infantry fighting vehicle 197, 220
Bogdanov General, plans invasion of Afghanistan 45, 54, 68–9
Bogomolov, Professor Oleg 108
Bonapartism 309
Bonner Yelena, Soviet civil rights activist 108
Borovik Artem, Soviet journalist 61
Boyarinov Colonel Grigori, special forces commander 56, 92, 94, 97–9, 116
braga, home-brewed beer 190
Brezhnev Doctrine 112
Brezhnev Leonid (1906–82), Soviet politician 77, 270, 324
Congratulates Karmal 104
Death, November 1982 271
Health begins to fail 46
Hopes for detente 46
Learns of Communist coup 42
Looks for way out of Afghanistan 270
Meets Taraki 52
Opposes intervention 49
Orders condign punishment for atrocity 229
Upset by murder of Taraki 73, 80
Row with Daud 33
Visits Afghanistan in 1964 33
Warns Taraki about Amin 62
Brzezinski Zbigniew, US National Security Advisor 111, 114, 333
Believes Afghanistan unlikely to become Soviet Vietnam 113
BTR armoured personnel carrier 135, 157, 193, 197, 292
Bukhara, Central Asian city 19, 21–2
Burnes Alexander (1805–41), British representative murdered in Kabul 21, 25
Bush George H W (1924-), US President 258, 304
Bystrov Nikolai, Soviet soldier, becomes Masud’s bodyguard 261–2
C
Carter Doctrine 113
Carter Jimmy (1924-), US President 112–14, 333
Casualties 226
Accidental deaths written off as battle casualties 177
Comparison between Kabul and Panama City 107
Deliberate attempt to reduce Soviet casualties 142–3
Disproportion between military and civilian casualties 328
During fighting around Russian parliament, 1993 312
Formula for calculating mujaheddin losses 222
Rapid evacuation from battlefield 175
Soviet casualties peak before Gorbachev comes to power 272
Soviet, in 1st period of war 140
Soviet, in 2nd period of war 142
Soviet, in 3rd phase of war 142
Soviet, in fourth phase of war 143
Cavagnari Louis (1841–79), British representative murdered in Kabul 25
Chagcharan, Afghan town 164, 207
Charikar, Afghan town 26, 206–7, 217
Chayavu, Masud’s prison 262
Chechnya, region of Russia 175, 258, 263, 322, 327
cheki, Soviet army currency 158
Chernavin Admiral Vladimir, Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Navy 310
Chernyaev Anatoli, Gorbachev’s diplomatic adviser 281, 288
Advises talks with mujahedin leaders 273
Criticises invasion in diary 109
Chief Soviet Military Adviser 42, 55, 74, 83, 85, 229, 240, 290
Residence attacked by mujahedin 159
CIA 203, 285
Alleged CIA officer captured 139
Attempts to buy back Stingers 205
Considers moving electronic facilities to Afghanistan 78
Early proposals to support mujahedin 114
Fears post-war regime in Kabul will be anti-American 296
Growing support for mujahedin 114
Amin not a CIA agent 79
Officers killed by suicide bomber 214
William Casey becomes Director 114
Codrington Captain, British officer massacred in First Afghan War 206
Commanders 124
Lack background for war in Afghanistan 125
Wrestle with problem of preventing atrocities 225
Conscripts 170
D
Danchev, Soviet newsreader 243
Dar-ul Aman Palace 34
Dari language 13, 106, 126, 151, 154
Daud Mohamed (1909–78), Afghan ruler 17, 28, 30–33, 39–40, 43
Appointed prime minister, 1953 16
Deposes Zahir Shah 31
Ousted by Zahir Shah 16
Killed in coup 37, 41
Quarrels with Brezhnev over Western advisers 33
Dedovshchina 171–3, 263
Defections to mujahedin 257–9
GRU defector murdered by comrades in revenge 265
Demobilisation 88, 170, 179, 249–50
Dembel, soldier due for demobilisation 251
Demobilisation rituals 249–52
Desmaisons Pierre, Russian secret agent 21
Didkin Nikolai, Soviet soldier 269
Directorate for Interservices Intelligence (ISI), Pakistani military intelligence 201, 297
Disillusion and Criticism 109–10, 235, 239–41, 243
Disraeli Benjamin (1804–81), British Prime MInister 26
Dolmatov, Soviet officer, commands Operation Raduga 70
DOMA, Democratic Organisation of Afghan Youth 152, 163–4
Dostum Abdul Rashid (1954-), Afghan commander 260, 301–2
DRA (Democratic Republic of Afghanistan) 42, 85, 103, 137, 268
Drozdov General Yuri, KGB officer 90, 93–4, 98, 101
Dubnov Arkadi, Russian journalist 304
Dubs Adolph, US ambassador, assassinated 54
Dubynin General V, 40th Army commander 1986–7 124
Dukhovchenko, leads rising in Badaber 266
Dulepov Vadim, bard 312
Dupree Louis, scholar 17
Durand Line, artificial border between Afghanistan and Pakistan 13, 28
Dushanbe, capital of Tajikistan 116, 304–6
Dyshev Andrei, author 158
E
Educational reforms 16
Eisenhower President, visits Kabul 30
Ekbal Lieutenant, one of Taraki’s murderers 72–3
eksperimentalka, experimental dress uniform 251
Ermacora Felix, UN human rights representative 231
F
Faisabad, Afghan town 166, 176–9, 188, 194–5, 209, 212, 230, 283
Bombed by Soviets 143
Triples in size 334
Farakh province 165
Faryab province 167
Fedorov Dmitri, sergeant in 860th Regiment 188, 261
Returns to Afghanistan as a tourist 334
G
Gai David, Soviet journalist 283
Gang of Four 59, 62–3, 92
Gardez, Afghan town 53, 213, 215
Gavrya Alexander, youth adviser 164
Generalov General L, Commander of 40th Army, 1983–5 124
Geneva Agreements 202, 283, 285–6, 290–91, 296
Genghis Khan (?1162–1227), Mongol conqueror 12, 27, 86
Ghaffur Engineer, downs three Soviet helicopters 203
Girardet Edward, American correspondent 144
Glavnoe Razvedyvatelnoe Upravlenie (GRU), Soviet military intelligence organisation 56, 61, 63, 126, 133, 136, 186, 268, 275
Glushak Natasha, killed on returning from wedding 156
Golovin Captain, aircraft crashes 87
Golubev Colonel, commander of KGB detachment 82
Gorbachev Mikhail (1931–), Soviet politician 52, 238, 272, 274, 279–80, 282, 289, 296, 310
And withdrawal 142, 272–4
Attempted coup, August 1991 310
Complains about overweening Soviet advisers 276
Criticised by military 309
Determined to solve Afghan problem 272
Meeting with Reagan. December 1987 280
Nightmare that a bloodbath would follow Soviet withdrawal 281
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Policies best available? 310
The ‘Gorbachev surge’ 272
Withdraws six regiments—West treats it as a propaganda stunt 277
XXVIIth Congress of Soviet Communist Party, February 1986 274
Gorchakov Alexander, Russian foreign minister (1798–1883) 11, 23
Gorelov General Lev, Chief Soviet Military Adviser in Afghanistan 1975–9 42, 45, 55, 66, 74
Goricheva Tatiana, protests against Afghan war 108
Gorky (Nizhni Novgorod), Russian city 108, 237
Grabarmy, the ‘bandit army’, nickname for 40th Army 189
Grazhdanskaya Oborona, SIberian rock group 320
green zone, cultivated area, ideal for ambushes 131, 133, 163, 206, 231
Greshnov Andrei, Soviet interpreter and journalist 105–6, 154, 232–3, 294–5, 297–8
Grishin Vladimir, officer in Muslim Battalion 115
Gromov General Boris, last commander of 40th Army 1987–9 88, 124, 144, 174, 214, 287, 291–3, 317
Crosses the bridge, 15 February 1989 291
Gromov Maksim, son of general 293
Gromyko Andrei (1909–89), Soviet foreign minister 45–6, 48–9, 52, 62, 69, 74, 77, 81, 95, 270, 279
Member of Committee on Afghanistan 60
Remembers decision to invade 80
Gulabzoi Mohamed, Afghan politician, member of ‘Gang of Four’ 31, 40–41, 59, 63, 68, 70, 83, 92, 99
Gumenny Leonid, officer in Zenit 117
Guskov General, plans elimination of Amin 82
H
Habibia School, Kabul 16
Habibullah Khan (1872–1919), Afghan ruler 15
Haqqani Jalaluddin (1950-), mujahedin commander 214
Haqqani Sirajuddin, mujahedin commander 214
Hazara, Afghan ethnic group 302
Health 121
Cholera 174
Figures for infectious disease 174
Health care in Soviet Central Asia best in the Muslim world 146
Hepatitis 95, 157, 174–5
Military hospitals 176
Near collapse of medical services 173
Hekmatyar Gulbuddin (1947–), mujahedin commander 17, 32, 184, 200–201, 234, 267, 296, 298, 302
Herat Rising 5
Exaggerated accounts 7
Fate of Soviet specialists 45
News arrives in Soviet embassy 44
Herat, Afghan city 29, 50, 165
Falls to Taliban 303
Strategic concern of British 27
I
Indian Rising (Mutiny) 1857 24
Ingushetia, Russian republic 326
Intelligence 57, 201
American and Soviet intelligence failures 332
British intelligence on Soviets in Afghanistan 111
GRU decide they need better intelligence 126
Methods and problems 134
Russian intelligence in 19th century 21, 23
US intelligence on Soviet intentions 111
Iran 6, 78
Istalif, Afghan village famed for pottery. 25
Ivanov Galina, wife of Valeri 99, 300
Ivanov Valeri, Soviet official 44, 99, 300–301
Izhevsk, Russian town 255
Izmailov Major Vyacheslav, Soviet officer 208–9
J
Jalalabad, Afghan city 229
Bombed by British 15
Bombed by Soviets 143, 284
Communist attempt to reunite in 40
Falls to Taliban 303
Major battle after 40th Army leaves 296
Panic when helicopters are shot down 203
Jamiat-i-Islami, Afghan resistance party 266
Jandad Major, head of Afghan Presidential Guard 72–3, 91–3, 95–6
Joulwan Peter, British journalist 258
K
Kabul 11, 13, 34, 38, 55–6, 63, 66, 74, 86, 88, 152, 206, 290, 296, 300
A tourist paradise 34
Bombed by British 15
Capital moved to 14
Centre destroyed by British 25
Curfew 159
Destroyed in civil war 36, 144, 234, 302
Falls to mujahedin 1992 298
Last Soviet troops leave 290
Major anti-Communist demonstration, February 1980 139
Marriages can only be registered there 156
Russians hang on as long as they can 300
Shelled by mujahedin 143
Soviet troops seize key objectives 8
Taliban victory brings kind of order 303
Kabul museum 34
Kabul Radio 105
Broadcasts Karmal’s appeal 16, 66, 103
Kabul University 17, 32, 38, 159
Kabulov Zamir, Russian diplomat
Persuades Taliban to return bodies of Russian helicopter crew, 2008 198
Tries to discover truth about Badaber 269
Kadyr Colonel, Afghan officer 31, 39–40, 42, 53
Kalashakhi, Afghan village 130
Kalashnikov automatic rifle 190, 192, 197, 199, 220
Kaluga, Russian town 181
Kandahar, Afghan town 14, 163, 297–8
Badly damaged in mid-1980s 163
Bombarded by mujahedin 298
Bombed by Soviets 143, 284
Dangerous for foreigners 297
Falls to Taliban 303
Karamagul, Afghan village 210
Karmal Babrak (1929–1996). Afghan Communist president 17, 38–40, 42, 62, 78, 103–4, 139, 148, 165, 223, 271, 276
Complains about atrocity to Brezhnev 229
Favoured by KGB 60
Inadequacies of 241
KGB brings into plan against Amin 60
Russians decide he must go 274
Secretly flown into Bagram 83
Shocked to hear Soviets intend to pull out 272
Systematically purges officers 136
Karpaty, KGB special forces unit 193
Karpenko Alexander, bard and military interpreter 193
Kartsev Lieutenant Alexander 126–7, 130, 180, 183, 238
Karzai Hamid (1957-), President of Afghanistan 139
Kaskad, KGB special forces detachment 134, 193–4
Kaskadery, ‘stuntmen’—KGB special forces officers 134
Katichev Stanislav, senior military adviser in Herat 45
KGB
Finally abandons Kabul 299
Grom special forces detachment 91, 93, 99, 116
KGB frontier post attacked in Tajikistan 306
Long experience in Afghanistan 60
Memorandum proposes action against Amin 59
Zenit special forces detachment 56–7, 68–9, 82, 91, 93–4, 98, 101, 116
KGB advisers 93
Khabarov Captain—Bitterness over futility of war 223
KhAD, Afghan secret intelligence agency 134–5, 137–9, 182–3, 194, 275, 298
Respected by KGB 202
Successfully penetrate mujahedin 139
Khaibar Mir Akbar, party ideologist, murdered 40
Khalbaev Major, commander of Muslim Battalion 56, 63, 90–91, 93
Khalil General, Afghan intelligence chief, arrested as spy 139
Khalq, faction in Afghan Communist Party 31, 38–43, 58, 60, 104, 275
Khanif, Afghan youth organiser 163
Khiva, Central Asian city 18–19, 22, 24
Khoroshavin Alexander, soldier in 860th Regiment 158
Khost. Afghan city 151, 165, 204, 213–15
Falls to mujaheddin 299
Khrushchev Nikita (1894–1971), Soviet politician 30, 33, 78, 113
Khyber Pass 129
Kipling Rudyard (1865–1936) 12, 134, 192, 227
Kirpichenko General, KGB 82, 105
Kirsanov Yuri, KGB officer, bard 193
Kiselev Yevgeni, interpreter, later TV anchorman 83, 153–4, 208
Kissinger Henry (1923–), US Secretary of State 30
kizyaki, dried dung fuel 130
Klimov Sergei, bard 193, 312
Klintsevich, Fr
ants, veteran, politician 317–18, 327–8
Kobalt, Interior Ministry special forces unit 134–5
Kokand, Central Asian city 22
Kolesnik (Kozlov) Colonel, GRU staff officer 63, 90–94, 96, 102
Komissarov Nikolai, Komsomol youth organiser 166
Komsomol, Soviet Young Communist League 150, 152–3, 162, 165, 244, 259, 316
Komsomolskaya Pravda, newspaper 155, 189, 239, 243, 315
Konovalov Captain Yevgeni, officer in 860th Regiment 180, 300–301
Koshelev Vladimir, bard 312
Kosogovski General, Chief Interior Ministry adviser 74, 228
Kostenko General, adviser to Afghan Chief of Staff 100–101
Kosygin Aleksei (1904–80), Soviet prime minister 46–7, 49–52, 104
Tells Afghans Soviets won’t send troops 7
Kotenov Alexander, sets up veterans’ organisation 317
Kotlyarovskoe Cemetery, Moscow 317
Kovalev. Anatoli, Soviet deputy foreign minister 278
Kozyrev, Andrei, Russian foreign minister, visits Pakistan 258
Kravchenko Colonel, court-martialled for shooting prisoners 229
Kretenin Captain, killed in ambush 209
Krivenko Vitali, Soviet soldier 1, 171–2, 230, 250, 252–3, 320
Kryuchkov Vladimir(1924–2007), Chairman of KGB 1988–91 81, 90, 95, 116, 272, 282, 287, 289
Discusses Islam with Taraki 42
Discusses plan for coup against Gorbachev 311
Explains background to invasion to Congress, 1989 80
Favours Najibullah 275
Persuades Karmal to resign 274
Kulabe, town in Tajikistan 305
Kulazhenko Gena, youth worker, murdered 165
Kunduz, Afghan city 87, 194, 258
Kurgan-Tobe, town in Tajikistan 305
Kurilov Valeri, Soviet officer helps rescue ‘Gang of Four’ 69
Kushka, Soviet city, formerly Pandjeh 162, 283
A good source of vodka 162
Kutepov Yuri, KGB security adviser to Amin’s guard 93
Kutsenko General Viktor, bard 138, 312
Kuzmina Tatiana, Soviet nurse 156
Kuzminskoe Cemetery 213
Kuznechkov Colonel, military doctor killed in storming of Amin’s palace 95, 98–9
Kuznetsov Andrei, soldier
Returns to Afghanistan as a tourist 334
kyariz, well 131
L
Lagoshin General, last Chief Soviet Military Adviser in Afghanistan 301
Lakhovich Igor, last solider to be killed 290
Lapis lazuli mines, source of income for Masud 216, 287
Latif Dr Lutfullah, imprisoned in Pul-i Charkhi 104, 106
Lee Enfield, effective but old-fashioned British rifle 202
Levchishin Sergei, participant in Badaber rising 269
lifchiki, ‘brassieres’, home-made ammunition pouches 198
Lilya, Soviet typist 156