by Steve Vogel
Wilson, Theodore A. The First Summit: Roosevelt and Churchill at Placentia Bay, 1941. Revised ed. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 1941 and 1991.
Woodward, Bob. The Commanders. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
———. Bush at War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
PERIODICALS
“Access to the World’s Largest Building.” ENR. 25 Mar. 1943.
Armagnac, Alden P. “Nerve Center of the Fighting Forces.” Popular Science, Feb. 1943.
“The Army’s Giant ‘Five-by-Five.’” Popular Mechanics, Mar. 1943.
“The Army Raises a Ghost.” Time, 18 Aug. 1941.
“The Army’s Pentagon Building.” Architectural Record, Jan. 1943.
Ball, Frank L. “The Arlington I Have Known.” Arlington Historical Magazine, 1964.
Casey, Steven. “Franklin D. Roosevelt, Ernst ‘Putzi’ Hanfstaengl and the ‘S-Project’, June 1942–June 1944.” Journal of Contemporary History, 2000.
“Concreting a 100-Acre Office Building.” ENR, 4 June 1942.
Dunbar, L. D. “Army Man at Work,” parts I and II. The New Yorker, 10 and 17 Feb. 1940.
“Equipment Maintenance on Huge Earth Job.” ENR, 2 July 1942.
Foster, Jack Hamilton. “Crandal Mackey, Crusading Commonwealth’s Attorney.” Arlington Historical Magazine, 1984.
Gerrity, John. “He Changed the Face of Washington.” Nation’s Business, Jan. 1952.
Groves, Leslie R. “The Atom General Answers His Critics.” Saturday Evening Post, 19 June 1948.
Humphreys, Robert. “The Man Who Astonished Washington.” Saturday Evening Post, 9 Oct. 1943.
Immen, Bill. “The Pentagon…Fact and Fancy.” Army-Navy-Air Force Register, 7 Oct. 1961.
Janney, John. “The Man Behind the Invasion.” American Magazine, June 1944.
Kinsey, Karen Byrne. “Battling for Arlington House: To Lee or Not to Lee?” Arlington Historical Magazine, October 2003.
Lauterbach, Richard E. “The Pentagon Puzzle.” Life, 24 May 1943.
McBane, Robert B. “The Pentagon Makes Sense.” Army Information Digest, Jan. 1947.
McCarthy, Joe. “Our Miraculous Pentagon.” Holiday, Mar. 1952.
Murphy, Charles J. V. “Somervell of the S.O.S.” Life, 8 May 1943.
“Pentagon Building.” Architectural Forum, Jan. 1943.
“The Pentagon Building.” Airlanes, Dec. 1942.
“The Pentagon Building.” The Federal Architect, Jan.–Apr. 1943.
Overman, C. B. “I Run the World’s Biggest Building.” American Magazine, June 1951.
“Planning the World’s Largest Building.” ENR, 22 Oct. 1942.
“Race Between Claustrophobia and Agoraphobia for Those Pent Up in Washington’s Pentagon.” Newsweek, 15 Feb. 1943.
Rasmussen, Wayne D. and Vivian Wiser. “Arlington—An Agricultural Experiment Farm in a Changing Era.” Arlington Historical Magazine, 1966.
Ross, F. E. “Architectural Concrete Work on the Pentagon Building.” Architectural Concrete, 1943.
Sargent, James E., “Clifton A. Woodrum of Virginia.” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, July 1981.
Saunders, Arven H. “Airports in Northern Virginia, Past and Present.” Arlington Historical Magazine, 1967.
Schiller, Ronald. “That Amazing Monster, the Pentagon.” Pageant, Dec. 1951.
Schildt, Roberta. “Freedman’s Village: Arlington, Virginia, 1863–1900.” Arlington Historical Magazine, 1984.
Shaeffer, Kevin. “My Ring Story.” Shipmate, Sept. 2002.
Shrader, Charles R. “World War II Logistics.” Parameters, Spring 1995.
Singleton, A. L. “Mayor of the Pentagon.” Government Executive, Sept. 1995.
“The S.O.S.” Fortune, Sept. 1942.
Somervell, Brehon. “The Engineer and Defense Construction.” Engineer Society Magazine, 2 Feb. 1942.
———. “Construction Goes to War.” The Constructor, July 1942.
Stevens, Alden. “Washington: Blight on Democracy.” Harper’s Magazine, Dec. 1941.
“Stimson’s New Offices.” Life, 21 Dec. 1942.
Ward, Ruth. “Life in Alexandria County During the Civil War.” Arlington Historical Magazine, 1984.
Webb, Willard J. “Building the Pentagon in Arlington.” Arlington Historical Magazine, Oct. 1984.
Weisberg, Jacob. “Edifice Wrecked.” The New Republic, 1 Apr. 1991.
Winston, Sherrie. “Pentagon Contractors Divide and Conquer.” ENR, 4 Sept. 2000.
Woode, Allen. “How the Pentagon Stopped Worrying and Learned to Love Peace Marchers.” Ramparts, Feb. 1968.
NEWSPAPERS
Adde, Nick. “Solving the Puzzle Palace.” Army Times, 13 Oct. 1986.
Becker, Jo, Steve Vogel, and Michael E. Ruane. “Aboard Room 1D457.” WP, 16 Sept. 2001.
Day, Price. “No Red Tape Fetters Army’s Good Provider.” Baltimore Sun Sunday Magazine, 5 Mar. 1944.
Ditzen, L. Stuart. “Billion Dollar Builder—Philadelphia’s John McShain.” Philadelphia Bulletin, 8 Aug. 1976.
Forgey, Benjamin. “The Pentagon at 40.” WP, 15 Jan. 1983.
Fox, Joseph A. “World’s Largest Cafeteria to Feed 40,000 Nearing Completion.” Star, 13 Sept. 1942.
Gabbett, Harry. “Gen. Somervell’s ‘Folly’ Proves Itself Despite Jeers of Critics.” WP, 18 Aug. 1954.
Hall, Charles W. “Pentagon Fetes Five Decades in Five Sides.” WP, 13 May 1993.
Hendrickson, Paul. “McNamara: Specters of Vietnam.” WP, 10 May 1984.
Huxtable, Ada Louise. “Pentagon: A Cosy Fortress.” NYT, 16 Apr. 1968.
Infield, Tom. “The 5 Sides at 50.” The Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 Jan. 1993.
Kast, Sheilah. “Not Everyone Thought It Was So Dreamy.” Star, 1 Sept. 1975.
Kelly, Brian. “Pentagon Veterans Recall Construction Days.” Star, 30 Apr. 1967.
Lewthwaite, Gilbert A. “Pentagon face lift at age 52.” Baltimore Sun, 26 Nov. 1995.
Perri, Lynne. “Pentagon Waging a Massive Effort.” USA Today, 23 Nov. 2001.
Pino-Marina, Christina. “Indiana Plant Makes its Mark on History.” Washingtonpost.com, 11 June 2002.
Planck, C. E. “Potomac Blockade.” WP, 22 Feb. 1942.
Ringle, Ken. “Five-Sided Home of Megathink Blithely Ignores 40th Birthday.” WP, 15 Jan. 1983.
Rose, Carl. “My Life in Pentagonia.” NYT Magazine, 7 May 1944.
Ruane, Michael E., Steve Vogel, Manny Fernandez, Patricia Davis, and Avis Thomas-Lester, “Inch by Inch.” WP, 8 Sept. 2002.
Shalett, Sidney. “Mammoth Cave, Washington, D.C.” NYT, 27 June 1942.
Smith, Dinitia. “No Regrets for a Love of Explosives.” NYT, 11 Sept. 2001.
Swift, Earl, “Inside the Pentagon on 9/11.” The Virginian-Pilot, 7–10 Sept. 2002.
Vogel, Steve. “The Battle of Arlington: How the Pentagon Got Built.” WP, 26 Apr. 1999.
———. “Defiant Workers Return to Posts at the Pentagon.” WP, 13 Sept. 2001.
———. “New Pentagon Pays Off.” WP, 23 Sept. 2001.
———. “Pentagon Halfway Back in Countdown From Inferno.” WP, 10 Mar. 2002.
———. “Survivors Healed, but Not Whole.” WP, 11 Mar. 2002.
———. “Flights of Vigilance Over the Capital.” WP, 8 Apr. 2002.
———. “Retaking a Lost Position.” WP, 16 Aug. 2002.
———. “From Ruins, Pentagon Rises Renewed.” WP, 8 Sept. 2002.
———. “Workers Push to Fortify Military Headquarters.” WP, 7 Sept. 2003.
Vogel, Steve and Fredrick Kunkle, “Day of Remembrance and Celebration.” WP, 12 Sept. 2002.
“War Building ‘Blitz’ Leaves Capital Stunned and Confused.” Star, 13 Aug. 1941.
Wilson, George C. “Chronology of Pentagon’s Biggest, Strangest Siege.” WP, 23 Oct. 1967.
COLLECTIONS
(Note: Many of the periodical and newspaper articles listed in the bibliography and notes are in
cluded in collections housed in the archives listed below, in particular the Corps of Engineers Office of History, the Martin Luther King Library, the Hagley Museum and Library, the OSD Historical Office, and the Pentagon Library. Many issues of The Renovator and articles from The Pentagram can be found in the latter two collections.)
American Institute of Architects Library and Archives, Washington, D.C.: AIA board minutes; Baldwin Memorial Files; Membership files for George Edwin Bergstrom, Ides van der Gracht, and David Witmer.
Amherst College Library, Archives and Special Collections, Amherst, Mass.: Papers of John J. McCloy.
Architect of the Capitol, Washington, D.C.: George M. White papers.
Arlington Central Library, Virginia Room, Arlington, Va.: Arlington County Oral History Project; vertical file.
Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, N.Y.: Papers of Franklin D. Roosevelt; Harry L. Hopkins; Harold Smith; Samuel I. Rosenman; Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Inc.; vertical file.
George C. Marshall Library, Lexington, Va.: George C. Marshall Collection; George C. Marshall Papers; Leslie R. Groves Collection; Otto Nelson Papers; T. T. Handy Papers; William T. Sexton Papers; Memories Project.
Hagley Museum and Library, Wilmington, De.: Papers of John McShain.
Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington D.C.: Harold L. Ickes diary; Henry L. Stimson diary and papers (original at Sterling Library, Manuscript and Archives, Yale University).
Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library, Washingtoniana Division, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Star Collection; vertical files on “Pentagon Building.”
National Archives, Modern Military Records, College Park, Md.: Records of the Office of the Commanding General, Army Services Forces (RG 160); Papers of Leslie R. Groves (RG 200); Records of the Office of the Chief of Staff (RG 165); Records of the Office of the Secretary of War (RG 107); Records of the Office of the Chief of Engineers (RG 77); Records of the Adjutant General’s Office (RG 407); Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General (RG 92); Records of the United States Army Center of Military History (RG 319); Records of the Military District of Washington (RG 551); Records of the Office of the Inspector General, Army (RG 159).
National Archives, Washington, D.C.: Records of the Commission of Fine Arts (RG 66); Records of the National Capital Park and Planning Commission (RG 328).
Office of the Secretary of Defense Historical Office, Rosslyn, Va.: Subject files, boxes 1303–1317, 510–514; David O. Cooke Papers; Oral History Collection.
Pentagon Library, Arlington, Va.: Vertical files on the Pentagon.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Office of History, Fort Belvoir, Va.: General Military Files (I, boxes 16–20); Military Construction in Continental United States (VII, boxes 32–34).
U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle, Pa.: Papers of Brehon Burke Somervell; Leslie R. Groves—diaries and papers; Senior Officer Oral History Program.
Walker Lee Evey: personal papers, courtesy of Lee Evey.
Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: Clip files and photograph files.
U.S. Military Academy, West Point, N.Y.: Leslie R. Groves Collection.
PERSONAL PAPERS AND REMINISCENCES
Allan, Stanley Nance. “Building the Pentagon.” Lecture delivered to the Chicago Literary Club, 25 Nov. 2002.
Bailey, Helen McShane. “The Office of the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, in World War II: A Memoir.” 2001. Memories Project, GCM Lib.
Casey, Hugh J. Engineer Memoirs. Washington, D.C.: Office of History, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1993.
Davidson, Garrison. “Grandpa Gar—The Saga of One Soldier as Told to His Grandchildren.” 1974, CEHO.
Graves, Ernest Jr., “Recollections of General Brehon Somervell.” Memorandum to author, 12 Feb. 2004.
Groves, Leslie R. “Comments of Lt. Gen. Leslie R. Groves on MS, Construction in the United States.” 1955, 1963, 1965. CEHO.
Hardin, John R. Engineer Memoirs. Washington, D.C.: Office of History, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1981.
Hoge, William M. Engineer Memoirs. Washington, D.C.: Office of History, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1993.
Iselin, Amy L., ed. “Reminisces of the Early Days of the Pentagon.” Washington Headquarters Services, 1993, OSD HO.
Lee, John C. H. “Service Reminiscences of Lt. Gen. John C. H. Lee.” n.d. MHI.
Lemmon, Lawrence Clifton. “Twentieth Century Sojourn—The Story of My Life.” Published privately, 1989 (courtesy Ruth Lemmon Ferrill).
McShain, John. “Hyde Park: A Memoir—1939–40.” McShain papers, HML.
———. Autobiographical notes, post-1971 HML.
Somervell, Brehon B. “General Brehon B. Somervell Public Addresses,” vols. 1–4. 1941–1945, MHI.
REPORTS AND DOCUMENTS
American Society of Civil Engineers. The Pentagon Building Performance Report: January 2003. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003.
Arlington County. “After-Action Report on the Response to the September 11 Terrorist Attack on the Pentagon,” 2002.
Army Service Forces, Control Division. “The Pentagon Project,” 25 June 1944. Copies in box 15, file 4, SDF, NARA RG 160 and box 1310, OSD HO.
Bureau of the Budget, “Report Covering Pentagon Building,” 31 Aug. 1942, I, CEHO.
Department of the Army, Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Military Operations. “The Anti-Vietnam War Demonstration at Washington, D.C. 21–22 October 1967, After Action Report,” draft, 7 Nov. 1967. Box 3, Anti-War Demonstrations, March on the Pentagon, CMH.
Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Service. “Final Environmental Assessment of the Pentagon Reservation Master Plan.” Prepared by DMJM-3DI, 28 May 1991.
Headquarters Military District of Washington. “After Action Report, Operation Cabinet Maker,” 13 Nov. 1967, box 4, Anti-War Demonstrations, March on the Pentagon, CMH.
Koski-Karell, Daniel. Technical Report. Historical and Archaeological Background Research of the GSA Pentagon Complex Project Area. Submitted to David Volkert and Associates, Inc., Bethesda, Md., 3 Jan. 1986. Box 1312, OSD HO.
National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form for Federal Properties. Pentagon Office Building Complex. Prepared by Daniel Koski-Karell, Karell Archaeological Services, 15 June 1989. Box 1312, OSD HO.
Office of the Chief of Engineers. “Basic Data on the Pentagon.” Washington, D.C., 21 Dec. 1943. SDF, NARA RG 160.
Office of the Chief of Engineers, “Comments on Statements of Congressman Albert J. Engel on the Pentagon, 29 February 1944” and “Comments on Statements of Congressman Albert J. Engel on the Pentagon, 6 March 1944,” 7 Apr. 1944, I, CEHO.
Office of the Inspector General, investigation report, 25 May 1942. Box 1188, NARA RG 159.
Office of the Secretary of Defense. “A Status Report to Congress on the Renovation of the Pentagon,” 2005, PENREN.
Office of the Secretary of Defense. “A Report to Congress on the Pentagon Renovation Program,” 1993, 1994. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1993, 1994, OSD HO.
The Pentagon Telephone Conversations. “With General Groves Office—Feb. ’42–’43” “Miscellaneous 3/42–6/43” “Re: Congressman Engel Inquiry,” I, CEHO.
Report of the Secretary of War to the President, 1939, 1941. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1939, 1941.
United States General Accounting Office. “Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Public Buildings and Grounds, Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives: Federal Buildings, Actions Needed to Prevent Further Deterioration and Obsolescence.” Washington, D.C.: United States General Accounting Office, 1991.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Historical Division. “The Pentagon Project,” I, box 16, CEHO (three draft versions).
The 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2004.
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sp; The 9/11 Commission: Proceedings and Analysis. Books 3–4, Seventeenth Volume, Second Series, Terrorism: Documents of International & Local Control. James R. Holbein, ed. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 2005.
MISCELLANY
Collins, Larry. “Collapse Rescue Operations at The Pentagon 9-11 Attack: A Case Study on Urban Search and Rescue Disaster Response.” www.ukfssart.org.uk/files/pentagon.
Cornell, Cecilia Stiles. “James V. Forrestal and American National Security Policy, 1940–1949.” Dissertation. Nashville, Tenn.: Vanderbilt University, 1987. Pentagon Library.
Department of Defense, Office of Public Information. “The Pentagon: A Description of the World’s Largest Office Building,” 1954, OSD HO.
Fearson, Jim. “The Telephone in Northern Virginia from the Beginning to World War II.” Monograph, May 1993. Courtesy Jim Fearson.
Frierson, William. The Pentagon. The Pentagon Post Restaurant Council, Washington DC., 1944. Copies in box 1311, OSD HO and CMH. See also manuscript draft, Records of the Office of Chief of Military History, entry 145, NARA RG 319.
Gilpin, Susan. Paper on Queen City, 1984, Queen City vertical file, ACL.
Hammond, Christina J. “Chapter III, The Architect, George Edwin Bergstrom,” from “The Italian-style Garden at Kimberly Crest” manuscript, Baldwin Memorial Files, AIA.
“The Pentagon.” Two-volume booklet prepared by Pentagon architects, Sept. 1942. SDF, NARA RG 160; OSD HO; AOC.
Reynolds, J. Lacey. “John McShain, Builder,” draft of article c. 1949. McShain papers, HML.
Titus, Leo J., Jr. “A Review of the Temporary Shoring Used to Stabilize the Pentagon After the Terrorist Attacks of September 11th, 2001.” University of Maryland, Department of Civil Engineering, 2002.
White, George Malcolm. “The Pentagon Drawings.” 1993. Box 1303, OSD HO.
AUTHOR INTERVIEWS
Part I—Stanley Nance Allan; Helen McShane Bailey; Marian Bailey; Henry E. Bennett, Jr.; Cecil Belcher; Opal Sheets Belen; Mary Anne Somervell Brenza; Nelson Clayton; Vera Pounds Dickerson; Celestine Dole; Marjorie Hanshaw Downey; Robert Furman; Alfred Goldberg; Ernest Graves, Jr.; Richard Groves; Brehon Somervell Griswold; Byron Henderson; Gertrude Jeffress; Connie Somervell Matter; Polly McShain; Thomas Munyan; Hank Neighbors; Lucille Ramale; Alan Renshaw; Elaine Renshaw; Socrates Thomas Stathes; Donald Walker; Rubye Olson Youngblood.